Unit 3 The world online-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修三（译林版）

Unit 3 The world online 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：动词-ing形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语 ★同步语法二：非谓语动词对比 语法精讲精练 ()基本定义 动词-g形式（包括现在分词和动名词）是非谓语动词的核心组成部分。作定语时，修饰名词 或代词，表主动、进行或用途；作状语时，说明谓语动作的时间、原因、结果、方式、伴随 等；作宾语补足语时，补充说明宾语的动作或状态。高考语法填空、短文改错、阅读理解中高 频考查，尤其注重与过去分词（表被动/完成）的辨析。 (二)核心用法与位置 1.作定语 类型：单个现在分词前置，表主动或正在进行。{IMG}例句：a burning building, 类型：现在分词短语后置，相当于主动语态的定语从句。{{IMG}}例句：The girl standing at the door is my sister. 类型：动名词前置，表用途或目的。{{IMG}}例句：a washing machine. 考点提示：区分现在分词（主动）与过去分词（被动）：a developed country vs,a developing country. 2.作状语 位置：通常位于句首（用逗号隔开）或句末，也可置于句中。 逻辑关系：现在分词短语的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致（主动关系）。 g时i间：Hearing the news,she burst into tears. ②原因：Being late for class,he apologized to the teacher, ②结果：The earthquake hit the city,.leaving thousands homeless, ②伴随：She walked along the street,singing a song.. O条件：Turning left,you will see the bank, Q让步：Knowing the risk,he still went ahead. 易错：悬垂分词一一当分词逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，需使用独立主格结构或状语从 句。例如： X Walking in the street,a car hit him.(错误) √Walking in the street,he was hit by a car.(正确) 3.作宾语补足语 常用动词：感官动词(see,watch,observe,notice,.hear,feel,find,listen to,look at等)和使役动词(have,keep,leave,get,set,catch等)o 含义：表示宾语正在进行的主动动作。{IMG}}例句：I saw him crossing the street. She kept me waiting for half an hour. 考点对比：see sb.do(强调全过程)vs.see sb.doing(强调正在进行)。 被动语态：当宾语变为主语时，宾补变为主语补足语，仍用-ig形式。{{IMG}}例句： He was seen crossing the street. (三)核心含义区分（表格对比） 现在分词 过去分词 语法功能 典型例句 (-ing) (-ed) 被动、完 a moving story(合人感动的故事) vs.a 定语 主动、进行 成 moved audience(被感动的观众) 主语主动发 主语承受 Reading the book,he took notes.(主a动) 状语 出动作 动作 vs.Given a chance,he would succeed. (被动) 宾语被动 I heard her singing the song.(她正在唱) 宾补 宾语主动进 行 完成 vs.I heard the song sung by her. (歌被唱) (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.现在分词作后置定语Vs.定语从句的转换 转换关系：现在分词短语相当于定语从句。{{IMG}}例句：The professor giving a speech now is famous.The professor who is giving a speech now is famous 2.现在分词作状语时逻辑主语的一致性 一致性要求：分词逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致。 Q例句：Seeing the teacher,the students stood up.() O例句：Seen from the hill,the city looks beautiful..(注意：Seen为被动，主语 city,正确) 3.感官动词后接doing与do的区别 区别：doing强调正在进行，do强调全过程。 9例句：I noticed a man entering the room.(正在进入) 例句：|noticed a man enter the room.(进入了全过程) 4.固定搭配中的动词-ing形式 常见搭配：spend time doing,have trouble doing,catch sb.doing,leave sb doing,etc. 5.现在分词作结果状语 用法：表示顺理成章的结果。 例句：He worked day and night,making great progress. 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The news made everyone present feel depressed. A.disappointing B.disappointed C.disappoint D.being disappointed 2.The man at the meeting is an expert from Harvard. A.speaking B.spoken C.to speak D.having spoken 3. in the queue for hours,they finally got the tickets A.Waited B.Waiting C.Having waited D.To wait 4.I saw a little girl in the corner,crying. A.to sit B.sit C.sat D.sitting 5.The tower attracts thousands of tourists every year. A.falling B.fallen C.fall D.being fallen 6. the assignment on time,he stayed up all night. A.Finishing B.Finished C.To finish D.Having finished 7.The problem at the conference yesterday remains unresolved. A.discussing B.discussed C.being discussed D.to discuss 8.He left the engine while he went into the store. A.run B.to run C.running D.ran 9. from the top of the mountain,the whole city looked like a miniature. A.Seeing B.Seen C.To see D.Having seen 10.The students, by the teacher's words,decided to study harder. A.encouraging B.encouraged C.to encourage D.encourage (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的-ig形式或过去分词填空（注意区分主被动）。 1.The (burn)building was finally saved by the brave firefighters 2.The little boy (stand)under the tree is waiting for his mother. 3. (hear)the alarm,all the staff evacuated immediately. 4.I caught him (cheat)in the exam,which was very embarrassing 5.The (excite)fans rushed onto the stage after the concert 6 (spend)too much time on social media,she neglected her studies. 7.The (sleep)baby must not be disturbed. 8.We can't help (laugh)at his funny expression. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式（可考虑-ing、-ed、todo等非谓 语形式，但重点考察-ing用法)。 Last weekend,a group of teenagers were seen 1. (gather)in the park. Among them,a boy 2.(call)Jack was the organizer.3. (hold)a sign,he was directing the others.The activity 4.(plan)for weeks finally began.5. (watch)from a distance,I noticed some girls 6. (decorate)the trees.A little dog 7.(play)nearby drew everyone's attention.Suddenly,it started raining,8. (force)them to take shelter under a big tree.9. (wait)for the rain to stop,they told jokes and laughed.The rain 10 (stop)an hour later,they resumed their work.11 (impress)by their teamwork,I decided to join them.That day,12. (leave)a lasting memory,taught me the value of cooperation. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.A;3.C;4.D;5.B;6.D;7.B;8.C;9.B;10.B 选择 (二)用所 给词的适当 1.burning 2.standing 3.Hearing 4.cheating 5.excited 6.Having 形式填空 spent 7.sleeping 8.laughing (三)篇章 1.gathering 2.called 3.Holding 4.planned 5.Watching 语法填空 6.decorating 7.playing 8.forcing 9.Waiting 10.having stopped 11.Impressed 12.leaving 章 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 非谓语动词包括不定式(todo)、动名词(doing)、现在分词(doing)和过去分词 (done)。它们在句中不能单独作谓语，但可以充当主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等 成分。核心对比维度：逻辑关系（主动被动/目的）、时间关系（未发生正在进行/已完 成)和句法功能。 (二) 核心用法对比（表格） 对 比 不定式 现在分词 过去分词 (to 动名词(doing) 维 (doing) (done) 度 do) 逻辑关 主动、将来、目的 主动、一般事实 主动、进行 被动、完成 系 表示将要发生的动 表示正在进行的 表示被动的已完 作定语 表示用途或属性 作 主动动作 成的动作 般不单独作状 表示伴随、原 表示目的、结果、 表示伴随、原 3 作状语 语（常作主语/宾 因、条件（被 原因 因、时间（主动） 语) 动) 表示主动、完成全 表示主动、正在 表示被动、已完 4 作补语 过程（感官动词后 不可直接作补语 进行（感官动词 成（感官动词 省略to) 后) 后) I saw the 经典例 I want to see Reading is I saw him window 句 you. fun. running. broken. (三)核心考点详解 1.不定式vs动名词作主语/宾语 不定式：表示具体的、一次性的、将来的动作。例：To finish the task on time is our goal. 动名词：表示抽象的、一般的、习惯性的动作。例：Finishing homework early is a good habit. ★固定搭配：avoid doing,be worth doing,manage to do,afford to do等。 2.现在分词Vs过去分词作定语（高频考点） 现在分词(doing):与被修饰名词是主动/进行关系。例：a developing country(发展中国家，正在发展) 过去分词(done):与被修饰名词是被动/完成关系。例：a developed country (发达国家，已发展完成) 易错点：不及物动词的过去分词只表完成，不表被动。例：fallen leaves(落叶， 已完成)，retired workers(退休工人，已完成状态) 3.不定式vs分词作状语 不定式：表示目的、结果、原因（常搭配only to表示意外结果）。例：He got up early to catch the train.(目的) 现在分词：表示伴随、时间、原因，且主语是动作的发出者。例：Seeing the dog,the boy ran away..(原因) 过去分词：表示被动的伴随、时间、原因，主语是动作的承受者。例：Given more time,I can do it better.(条件/被动) 4.感官动词后的宾补(see/hear/watch./feel+宾语+宾补) todo(不带to):看见动作全过程。例：I saw him cross the street..(看到穿过 全过程) doing:看见动作正在进行。例：I saw him crossing the street..(看到正在穿 过) done:看见某人/物被.o例：I saw the window broken.(看到窗被打破) 5.非谓语动词的逻辑主语 不定式/分词短语的逻辑主语：须与主句主语一致，否则需用独立主格结构。例：t raining,we stayed at home.(独立主格) 常见错误：Seeing from the top,the city looks beautiful..(Seeing?逻辑主 语应为“人”，但主语是city,×;应改为Seen from the top,the city looks beautiful.) (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1非谓语动词作定语时，判断主动/被动、过去/将来的核心方法：看与被修饰名词的关 系。 例：The problem discussed yesterday was hard.(过去分词表被动/完成) 例：The problem to be discussed tomorrow is hard.(不定式被动表将来) 例：The problem being discussed now is hard. (现在分词被动表正在进行） 2.固定句式中的非谓语动词选择：be said to do/be believed to have done/have trouble doing等。 例：He is said to have studied abroad.(不定式完成式表示动作先于谓语发 生) 3独立主格结构：分词或不定式自带逻辑主语，主从句主语不一致时使用。 例：The test finished,we went home.(过去分词独立主格) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择（10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The man in the corner is my uncle. A.to sit B.sitting C.sat D.being sat 2.I'm sorry to have kept you for so long. A.waiting B.waited C.to wait D.wait 3.The teacher asked us the homework on time. A.finishing B.finished C.to finish D.finish 4. from the top,the mountain looks like a dragon. A.Seeing B.Seen C.To see D.Having seen 5.The factory last year is now making a great profit. A.building B.built C.to build D.being built 6.He got off the bus, his briefcase behind. A.leaving B.left C.to leave D.having left 7.-What is the reason for your absence?- ill,I didn't go to school. A.Being B.To be C.Been D.Having been 8.The students the physics experiment are from Class 1. A.to do B.doing C.done D.having done 9.I heard the song in English many times A.singing B.sung C.to sing D.being sung 10.He was the first person the news. A.to know B.knowing C.known D.having known (二)用所给动词的正确形式填空(8小题) 根据语境，用括号内动词的适当非谓语形式填空（不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分 词)。 1.She is looking forward to (receive)your letter. 2. (finish)his homework,he went out to play. 3.The (fall)snow made the road very slippery. 4.I regret (inform)you that your application has been rejected. 5.The buildings_(destroy)in the earthquake have been rebuilt. 6.We are busy__(prepare)for the coming exam. 7.The only thing he wants now is (have)a good rest. 8. (give)the right instructions,the machine works well. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式（注意使用非谓语动词形式）。 Last month,our school held a "Science Week"activity,with the aim of 1. (inspire)students'interest in science.Many students,2. (invite)to the opening ceremony,listened carefully to the speech 3. (give)by a famous scientist.The scientist advised us 4. (keep)on asking questions. The next day,we visited a lab 5. (equip)with modern devices. Several experiments 6._(design)by senior students were shown.One experiment involved 7. (mix)two chemicals,and the result 06 (produce)a beautiful blue light.I enjoyed 9.(watch)all the performances. A competition called "Building Your Own Rocket"was held.The participants 10. (require)to finish the task within two hours.The winners were the first team 11. (complete)the rocket model.The whole event was unforgettable.There is still much 12. (explore)in the world of science. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.A;3.C;4.B;5.B;6.A;7.A;8.B;9.B;10.A 选择 (二)用所 给动词的正 1.receiving 2.Having finished;3.fallen 4.to inform 确形式填空 5.destroyed;6.preparing;7.to have 8.Given (三)篇章 1.inspiring 2.invited 3.given;4.to keep;5.equipped 语法填空 6.designed 7.mixing 8.produced 9.watching 10.required 11.to complete 12.to explore