Unit 3 Festivals and customs-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修二（译林版）

Unit 3 Festivals and customs 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 ☆同步语法一：过去将来时(Future in the past) ★同步语法二：定语从句(“介词+关系代词”结构) 语法精讲精练 (一)基本定义 过去将来时表示从过去某个时间点看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。它并非独立的时间段，而 是立足于“过去”，对“未来”进行推测、计划或描述。高考中常出现在间接引语、宾语从句及上 下文时态呼应的语境中，是语法填空和短文改错的高频考点。 (二)核心结构和常用表达 过去将来时没有单独的动词变形，而是借助助动词或短语构成。主要形式如下： 结构（肯定式） 缩导形式 用法侧重 例句 过去某时看将要发 He said he would come to would do would 'd 生的动作（最常见） the party. was going to They were going to start was/were 过去计划、打算做 was gonna(▣ going to do 某事（常强调意图） the project,but the funds 语) ran out. 过去某时即将要做 was/were I was about to leave when 无缩写 某事（常与when连 about to do the phone rang 用) 过去按计划或命运 was/were to 无缩写 安排将要发生（较 The meeting was to be do 正式) held the next day. (三)核心考点：时态呼应（间接引语中的转换） 在直接引语转为间接引语时，如果主句谓语为一般过去时，从句中的一般将来时须改为过去将 来时。这是高考最核心的考查方式。 直接引语（一般将 间接引语（过去将来时） 来时) "I will help He said he would help me you," "The train is going to arrive She told us the train was going to arrive at 8. at8." 'We are about to begin." They said they were about to begin. (四)过去将来时Vs一般过去时Vs过去完成时（对比表格） 时态 时间角度 例句 含义 一般过去时 过去发生，且 He left yesterday. 他昨天离开了（动作已过去）。 已完成 He said he would leave 他说他第二天离开（离开并未发 过去将来时 从过去看未来 the next day. 生，或尚未发生)。 过去完成时 过去某时之前 He had left when I 我到达时他已经离开了（过去的 已经完成 arrived. 过去)。 (五)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.间接引语中的时态转换 g例句：The teacher told us that we would have a test next week. (直接引语："You will have a test next week.") 2.was/were going to表示“本打算但未实现” O例句：I was going to call you,but I forgot. (隐含"本想打但没打”) 3.was/were about to do..when..表示“正要做某事，这时突然..” g例句：We were about to set off when it began to rain,. 4.在条件状语从句中的过去将来时（主句用过去将来时，从句用一般过去时） ⑧例句：He said he would buy the house if he had enough money. 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择（10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.-Did you tell Mary about the meeting?-No.I her,but I was too busy. A.would call B.was going to C.had called D.called call 2.The teacher promised that we a field trip the following month A.will have B.would have C.had D.have had 3.1 to finish my homework before dinner,but my friend came over. A.had intended B.intended C.was planning D.have planned 4.The villagers said that the new bridge open to traffic in three months. A.is B.was C.would be D.will be 5.She the book when someone knocked at the door. A.would read B.was about to C.had read D.read read 6.They told me that the train at 8:30 the next morning. A.will leave B.would leave C.left D.leaves 7.I thought you with us,but you changed your mind. A.were going to come B.would come C.had come D.both A and B are possible but with different shades 8.He insisted that he the work himself,but I knew he couldn't. A.will do B.would do C.did D.has done 9.The broadcast said that a storm soon. A.is coming B.was coming C.came D.has come 10.-Why didn't you answer the phone at 7 p.m.?-I a shower. A.was about to B.would have C.had D.have have (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 用括号内动词的适当形式填空，使句意完整、语法正确。 1.He said he (take)the exam the next week. 2.We (plan)to visit the museum,but it closed early. 3.The scientist announced that the experiment_ (begin)in two days. 4.l (leave)the office when the director called me back 5.She told me that her father (buy)her a new computer for her birthday. 6.They_(start)the journey at dawn,but the storm delayed everything. 7.The teacher explained that the homework (collect)the following Monday. 8.I thought you (give)a speech at the meeting,but you didn't show up. (三)完成句子(6小题) 根据中文提示，用过去将来时的结构完成句子，每空一词。 1.He said that he the next day. 2.We set off when it rained heavily. 3.She take part in the competition,but she got injured. 4.The headmaster announced that the new library in three months. 5.They thought the meeting start soon. 6.l lock the door when the phone rang. 三、参考答案 (一）单项 1.B;2.B;3.C;4.C;5.B;6.B;7.A;8.B;9.B;10.A 选择 (二)用所 1.would take was going to take 2.were planning 3.would begin 给词的适当 was going to begin 4.was about to leave 5.would buy/was going to 形式填空 buy 6.were going to start would start 7.would be collected 8.would give were going to give (三)完成 1.would come 2.were about to 3.was going to 4.would be built 句子 5.was about to 6.was about to 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 “介词+关系代词'”结构是定语从句中一种高级且高频的用法。它引导定语从句，修饰前 面的名词或代词（先行词）。其核心在于，介词的选择取决于从句中的动词、形容词或名 词与介词的固定搭配，或取决于先行词与介词的逻辑关系。这种结构使句子更简洁、正 式，是高考完形填空、语法填空和写作提分的关键考点。 (二）)核心用法与结构解析 “介词+关系代词”结构主要分为三种情况，其选择依据如下表所示： 用法 核心判断依据 介词来源 常见关系代 例句 类别 词 ①动 从句中的谓语 whom(指 This is the person whom I 词短 动词或动词短 从句中的动词 人)which 语搭 语需要某个特 talked about yesterday. 短语 (指物) (talk about sb.谈论某人) 配 定的介词 ②形 从句中的形容 whom(指 容词 从句中的形容 He is a famous writer whom 词需要某个特 人)which we are all familiar with.(be 短语 词短语 定的介词 (指物) familiar with sb.熟悉某人) 搭配 ③名 从句中的名词 whom(指 I have no idea which way he 词短 从句中的名词 需要某个特定 人)which 语搭 did it in.(in this way用这种 短语 的介词 (指物) 方式) 配 ④先 根据先行词与 表示"”方式、时 whom(指 行词 从句中动词的 间、地点、原 The factory in which my 人)which 逻辑 逻辑关系确定 因、所属”等关 father works is very large (指物) 关系 介词 系 (in the factory在工厂里) 关键注意点： 关系代词的选择： 先行词是人，用whom(不能用who)。 先行词是物，用which(不能用that)。 不定代词（如some,all,both,neither,each,few等）+of+whom/which结 构也属于此类。 关系代词“whose"的转换：表示“所属关系"时，whose+名词有时可转换为“the +名词+of which/whom"。 He lives in a room whose window faces south.He lives in a room the window of which faces south. (三)特殊结构与高考高频考点 1.“介词+which/whom"与关系副词(where,when,why)的转换 这是高考语法的核心考点。关系副词本质上就是“介词+wich"的简化形式。 where=in/at/on+which(表示地点) when=in/at/on/during+which(表示时间) why=for+which(表示原因) ★转换规则：如果关系副词在从句中作状语，且先行词表地点、时间或原因，两者 可直接互换。 1:This is the house in which (where)I was born. 例句2：I still remember the day on which(=when)I first met her. 例句3：Do you know the reason for which(=why)he was late? 2.“名词/代词/数词+of+which/whom"结构 表示整体与部分的关系，是写作中的高级表达。 1:There are 50 students in our class,most of whom are from the countryside. 2:He has written many books,two of which are best-sellers. 3:The team consists of 12 members,all of whom are experienced. 3.“介词+which+todo"结构（非谓语动词简化） 当定语从句中的主语是主语本身，且谓语含有情态动词时，可以简化为“介词+ which+todo"。 I need a pen with which I can write.=I need a pen with which to write.(I need a pen to write with.) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The scientist I have a lot of respect gave a speech yesterday. A.for whom B.to whom C.with whom D.of whom 2.He has three daughters, are working in the same city. A.all of who B.all of them C.all of whom D.all of which 3.Is this the museum you visited last month? A.which B.in which C.where D.the one 4.The way he dealt with the problem was quite creative. A.which B.in which C.of which D.with which 5.Do you know the reason she was absent from the meeting? A.for which B.which C.of which D.in which 6.This is a very important experiment, the success of the whole project depends. A.which B.on which C.from which D.for which 7.The photos brought back many memories, I will never forget. A.of which B.which C.with which D.for which 8.The man you shook hands just now is our new manager. A.who B.whom C.with whom D.to whom 9.I still remember the park we played together when we were children. A.which B.in that C.in which D.that 10.The teacher had a special way he made his classes lively and interesting. A.by which B.in which C.which D.on which (二)用适当的“介词+关系代词"填空(8小题) 根据语境，在空白处填入一个合适的介词和关系代词(whom/which)。 1.The pencil he was writing broke suddenly. 2.She is the person I borrowed the money. 3.This is the hotel we stayed last summer. 4.There are many books on the shelf, I have read only a few 5.The prize he worked so hard was finally given to him. 6.Do you know the girl our teacher is talking? 7.The film I fell asleep was very boring. 8.The matter you are arguing is not important at all. (三)篇章语法填空(10小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dear editor,I am writing to express my thanks to all my teachers,to 1 _I owe my success.The teacher 2. I had the deepest admiration was my English teacher,Mr.Li.He created an atmosphere 3. _we all felt encouraged to speak English.The English corner, 4. I used to practice my spoken English every Friday,was organized by him.The strategies 5. means he taught us to memorize words were very effective.We all made great progress,6._he was very proud.7. class,he was always responsible.He often discussed some confusing points with us,many 8. we found very helpful.I still remember the day 9. which he told us a famous saying:"Success belongs to the persevering."He was a teacher 10._ whom we learned not only knowledge but also the spirit of perseverance.Thank you again, everyone!Yours sincerely,Li Hua 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.A;2.C;3.A;4.B;5.A;6.B;7.A;8.C;9.C;10.B (二)用适 当的“介词 1.with which 2.from whom 3.in which 4.of which 5.for which +关系代 6.to/with whom 7.during which 8.about which 词”填空 (三)篇章 1.whom 2.for whom 3.in which where 4.where/in which 5.by 语法填空 which 6.of which 7.In 8.of which 9.on 10.from