Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修一（译林版）

Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 ☆同步语法一：限制性定语从句（关系副词） ☆同步语法二：副词的分类与用法 语法精讲精练一 (一)基本定义 限制性定语从句(Restrictive Attributive Clause)对先行词起修饰、限定作用，是句子不可 缺少的成分。关系副词(when,where,why)在从句中充当状语，分别表示时间、地点、原 因，是高考语法填空、短文改错和写作中的高频考点。 (二)核心用法与位置 关系副词引导限制性定语从句时，先行词通常是表示时间、地点或原因的名词，关系副词在从 句中作状语，相当于"介词+wich"结构。具体用法如下表： 从句 中充 可替换的“介词 关系副词 先行词类型 当的 例句 +which"结构 成分 表示时间的名词（如 时间 I still remember the day on/in/at when day,year,time, 状语 when we first met.( which moment等) on which) 表示地点的名词（如 地点 This is the school where in/at/on where place,room,city, 状语 which I studied for three years. school等) (in which) 表示原因的名词（通常 原因 Tell me the reason why why 状语 for which you were late.(for only reason) which) 1.关系副词when的用法 位置：紧跟在表示时间的先行词之后，从句需要完整的主谓结构（关系副词不充当主语或 宾语)。 含义：表示“在..时候”，修饰前面表示时间的名词。 O例句：We will never forget the years when we lived in the countryside. We will never forget the years in which we lived in the countryside. ②例句：It was a period when the economy was growing rapidly.. 考点提示：高考常考查when与which/that的区分一一若从句缺少主语或宾语（即先行 词在从句中作主语或宾语)，则须用关系代词which或that,而非when. 2.关系副词where的用法 位置：紧跟在表示地点的先行词之后，从句需完整主谓结构。 含义：表示"在.地方”，修饰地点名词。 ⑧例句：'d like to work in a company where everyone is treated equally. I'd like to work in a company in which everyone is treated equally. ⑧例句：The factory where my father works has introduced advanced technology. 考点提示：当先行词是抽象地点名词（如situation,point,stage,case等）时，也可用 where引导定语从句，高考常考此用法。 例：We have reached a point where a change is needed.我们到了-个需要改 变的阶段。 3.关系副词why的用法 位置：先行词通常只有reason,why在从句中作原因状语。 含义：表示"因为..原因"，修饰reason。 O例句：There are several reasons why we should protect the environment. There are several reasons for which we should protect the environment. ②例句：The reason why he didn't attend the meeting is still unknown, 考点提示：reason后的定语从句也可用that或which引导（此时关系代词在从句中作 主语或宾语)，但why只作状语。高考常考查why与that/which的选择。 (三)关系副词Vs关系代词（高考必考点） 判断方法：将先行词代入从句，看是否需要介词。 若需要介词（如in the school,on the day,for the reason),则用关系副词。 若不需要介词，直接作主语/宾语，则用关系代词。 口诀：先看从句缺不缺成分，缺主宾用关系代词，缺状语用关系副词。 (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） l.关系副词when与which/that的区别 1:I remember the day when we went to the museum.(when on the day,从句完整：we went to the museum on that day) O例句2：I remember the day which/,that we spent together.(which/that= the day,作spent的宾语：we spent the day together). 2.关系副词where与which/that的区别 1:This is the house where Lu Xun once lived.(where in the house, 从句完整：Lu Xun once lived in the house) 例句2：This is the house which/that was built in1920.(which/that作主语：the house was built in 1920) 3.关系副词why与for which的互换 例句：The reason why he succeeded is his hard work.=The reason for which he succeeded is his hard work. 4.抽象地点名词用where 例句：We are facing a situation where everyone must work together. (situation抽象地点) 5.先行词为time,moment,year等时，when可省略（口语/非正式文体） 例句：Come any time(when)you like. 6.reason后的定语从句：why与that的选用 若从句缺主语或宾语，用that/which:The reason that he gave is acceptable (that作gave的宾语) 若从句完整，用why/for which:The reason why he is late is unknown.(从句完 整：he is late) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(8小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.I will never forget the day we spent together in the mountains. A.when B.where C.which D.why 2.This is the factory my uncle worked ten years ago. A.which B.that C.where D.when 3.Do you know the reason she was absent from the meeting? A.which B.that C.why D.where 4.We have entered a new stage we have to face more challenges A.where B.which C.when D.why 5.The moment I saw him,I knew everything was fine A.when B.which C.where D.that 6.Is there a shop around I can buy some fruit? A.which B.where C.that D.when 7.The reason he explained at the meeting was not convincing. A.why B.for which C.that D.where 8.I'll never forget the years I lived in the countryside with my grandparents. A.that B.which C.where D.when (二)用适当的关系词填空(6小题) 在空白处填入适当的关系代词或关系副词(which,that,when,where,why)。 1.The school I studied for six years is now a museum. 2.Do you still remember the day we first met? 3.The reason he didn't pass the exam is that he didn't work hard. 4.I've found the book I lost yesterday. 5.We are living in an age many things are done on computers. 6.Is this the factory produces high-quality cars? (三)篇章语法填空(10小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词（关系代词或关系副词)，或填入括号内所给词的正 确形式。 Last summer,I visited the village 1. my grandmother grew up.It was a place 2 the air was fresh and the people were friendly.I will never forget the moment 3. I saw the old house 4. (build)over a hundred years ago.The yard 5. my grandmother used to play is now covered with flowers. My uncle told me the reason 6. he decided to return to the village:he wanted to preserve the family history.He showed me a diary 7. my great- grandfather kept during the war.The diary recorded the years 8.life was extremely hard.I also met an old lady 9. (call)Aunt Zhang,10. story inspired me deeply. (四)翻译句子(4小题) 将下列句子翻译成英语，使用限制性定语从句（关系副词）。 1.你还记得我们第一次见面的那个公园吗？ 2.他解释了他迟到的原因。 3.这是我會经工作过的那家公司。 4.我们正处于一个需要做出重要决定的阶段。 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.C;2.C;3.C;4.A;5.A;6.B;7.C;8.D 选择 (二)用适 当的关系词 1.where in which 2.when on which 3.why for which 4.which 填空 that 5.when in which 6.which that (三)篇章 1.where in which 2.where in which 3.when at which 4.built 语法填空 5.where in which 6.why for which 7.which that 8.when in which 9.called 10.whose 1.Do you still remember the park where we first met?;2.He explained (四)翻译 the reason why he was late.3.This is the company where I once 句子 worked.4.We are at a stage where an important decision must be made. 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子的词，表示时间、地点、方式、程 度、频率等。在高中英语中，副词的正确使用直接影响句意准确性和语法正确性，是语法 填空、短文改错和写作的高频考点。 (二) 副词的分类与功能 分类 常见副词 功能与例句 时间 now,then,soon,recently, 表示动作发生的时间。例：He has 副词 already,yet,still,immediately already finished his homework. 地点 here,there,inside,outside, 表示位置或方向。例：Please stay here 副词 abroad,upstairs,everywhere 表示动作进行的方式，通常由“形容词 方式 carefully,quickly,slowly,loudly, +ly"构成。例：She speaks English 副词 politely,angrily fluently 程度 very,quite,almost,nearly, 修饰形容词或其他副词，表示程度。例： 副词 extremely,fairly,too,enough The box is too heavy for me to carry. 频率 always,often,usually,sometimes, 表示动作发生的频率。例：He rarely 副词 seldom,never,rarely makes mistakes. 疑问 引导特殊疑问句。例：Where do you 副词 when,where,why,how live? 连接 however,therefore,moreover, 连接句子，表示逻辑关系。例：He was 副词 otherwise,nevertheless,besides tired;however,he kept working (三)副词的核心用法 1.修饰动词：副词通常放在动词之后（及物动词+宾语后，不及物动词后） 例：She sings beautifully. 2.修饰形容词：程度副词通常放在形容词之前 例：It is extremely cold today. 3.修饰其他副词：程度副词放在被修饰副词之前 例：He runs very fast. 4.修饰整个句子：某些副词（如fortunately,honestly,actually）.放在句首，用逗号 隔开 例：Fortunately,he passed the exam, (四)副词的位置规则（高考高频考点） 时间副词、地点副词：一般放在句末 频率副词：放在行为动词前、be动词和助动词后 方式副词：放在动词后；若动词有宾语，则放在宾语后 enough修饰形容词/副词时，放在被修饰词之后 big enough /fast enough 否定副词置于句首(never,seldom,rarely等)：引起部分倒装 Never have I seen such a beautiful scene. (五)副词与形容词的辨析（必考点） 比较项 形容词 副词 修饰对象 名词 动词、形容词、其他副词 例句 He is careful. He does it carefully 系动词后 用形容词作表语 不用副词 易混词 hard(坚硬的)，late(晚的) hard(努力地)，late(晚地) 特别注意： 同一词根：careful(adj.)→carefully(adv.) 特殊： hard(努力地)≠hardly(几乎不) late(晚地)≠lately（最近) close(靠近地)≠closely(密切地) high(高地)≠highly(高度地) deep(深地)≠deeply(深深地) (be,feel,look,sound,taste,smell,seem,become,get,turn,grow 等)后接形容词。 The food tastes good.(x well) (六)副词此较级和最高级 规则变化：单音节和部分双音节加-er/-est;多音节加more/most 常用句型： as+原级+as 比较级+than the+最高级+比较范围 修饰比较级的程度副词：much,far,even,still,alot,a little,abit He runs much faster than me. (七)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1形容词与副词混用：系动词后接形容词，实义动词后接副词 He looks happy (adj.).x He looks happily. He looks happily at the photo.(happilylooks at) 2.enough的位置：放在所修饰词之后 The problem is easy enough for me. 3.易混淆副词辨析 He works hard.(努力地) He hardly works.(几乎不) She came late.(晚) I haven't seen him lately.(最近) 4连接副词的逻辑作用：在语法填空和写作中表示转折、因果、递进等关系 It rained heavily;however,we still went out. 5.否定副词倒装：Never/Seldom/Rarely/Hardly/Not only.置于句首时，主谓 部分倒装 Not until he explained did I understand. 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The doctor told me to take the medicine A.two time a day B.twice a day C.two times a day D.twice everyday 2.He is to lift the heavy box alone. A.enough strong B.strong enough C.so strong D.very strong enough 3.She looked at the news and then left the room A.sadly B.sad C.sadness D.being sad 4.We haven't seen each other A.for a long time ago B.since a long time C.for long D.for a long time 5.The movie was_ boring that I fell asleep. A.so B.such C.too D.very 6.He speaks English his brother. A.as good as B.so well as C.as well as D.so good as 7.-How often do you go to the library?- A.In two days B.Every few C.For two days D.Twice days 8. the experiment succeeded after many failures A.Fortunate B.Fortunately C.Unfortunate D.Unfortunate 9.The man was lying on the ground,dead. A.as for B.as if C.even if D.even though 10.He is a respected teacher. A.high B.highly C.tall D.deep (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内单词的适当形式（形容词或副词）填空。 1.She always does her homework (careful) 2.The soup tastes (terrible)because I put too much salt. 3.He can run (fast)than anyone else in his class. 4.It is (extreme)cold today;you'd better wear a coat. 5.The little girl smiled (happy)when she received the gift. 6.I can't hear you(clear).Please speak louder. 7.He works very (hard)and never gives up. 8.The situation changed (dramatic)after the new policy. (三)篇章语法填空（12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的适当形式（每空一词，注意词性变化）。 Last Sunday,I went to a concert with my friends.The music was 1. (amaze)beautiful.The band performed 2. (wonder).We enjoyed ourselves 3. (great).The singer sang so 4. (soft)that everyone listened 5.(attentive). However,the weather was 6. (terrible)bad.It rained 7. (heavy)the whole evening.8. (luck),we had brought umbrellas. After the concert,we felt 9.(excite)but a little tired.We walked home 10. (slow)because the roads were wet.11. (general) speaking,it was a 12 (perfect)night despite the rain. 三、参考答案 (一)单项选 择 1.B;2.B;3.A;4.D;5.A;6.C;7.B;8.B;9.B;10.B (仁)用所给 词的适当形式 1.carefully 2.terrible 3.faster 4.extremely 5.happily 填空 6.clearly 7.hard 8.dramatically (三)篇章语 1.amazingly 2.wonderfully 3.greatly 4.softly 5 法填空 attentively;6.terribly 7.heavily;8.Luckily 9.excited;10. slowly 11.Generally;12.perfect