Unit 2 Making a difference-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修三（外研版）

Unit 2 Making a difference 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 ☆同步语法一：过去分词作定语(-ed as attributive) ★同步语法二：定语从句（非限制性定语从句） 语法精讲精练 (一)基本定义 过去分词是非谓语动词的一种，作定语时修饰名词或代词，相当于形容词，表达被动含义或完 成含义。它是高考语法填空、短文改错和阅读理解中的高频考点，尤其需注意与现在分词、定 语从句的转换。 (二) 核心用法与位置（表格形式） 分类 转换规则（←→ 位置 含义 示例 高考考点提示 定语从句) 直接 表被动 区分单个过去 放在 a shattered 或完成 分词与现在分 window（一扇被打 不可直接转换， 前置定语（单个过 被修 (不及 词前置：★主 碎的窗) 但可视为形容词 去分词) 饰名 物动词 动/进行→ withered leaves 化 词前 仅表完 (枯萎的落叶) doing★被动/ 面 成) 完成→done 后置定语（过去分 放在 表被动 The letter The letter 语法填空常考 词短语) 被修 (动作 written by my which was 分词短语与定 饰名 written by 语从句的互 词后 由他人 sister is on the my sister is 换；注意分词 面 施加) desk. on the desk. 形式正确性 (三)核心含义区分 1.表被动（及物动词的过去分词，最核心考点） →被修饰名词是动作的承受者 O例：an admired teacher（一位被敬佩的老师) O例：the selected candidates(被选中的候选人) 2表完成（少数不及物动词的过去分词，无被动含义） →动作已经结束，名词自身完成该动作 O例：a retired worker(一位退休工人) @例：the gone days(逝去的日子) O例：fallen leaves(落叶) ★易错警示：不及物动词过去分词只表完成，不表被动，如fallen≠“被落下”；risen≠"被 升起 (四)过去分词Vs现在分词作定语（高考必考点对比表） 对比维度 过去分词(done) 现在分词(doing) 被修饰名词是动作的承受者（被动） 被修饰名词是动作的发出者（主动） 逻辑关系 或动作已完成（不及物） 或动作正在进行 含义侧重 被动/完成状态 主动/进行状态 a used book(一本被用过的书) a running boy(一个正在跑的男 典型例句 the excited fans(感到兴奋的粉 孩)an exciting game（一场合 丝，表状态) 人兴奋的比赛) fallen(已落下的)、gone(已离 不及物动词特例 falling(正在落下的)、going(正 去的)只表完成 在进行的)表进行 (五)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.位置判定：单个分词前置，分词短语后置 O例句：a spoken question(单个spoken前置) O例句：The question asked by the student is hard to answer..(短语后置) 2.主动/被动关系区分 Q例句：The exciting news made us happy.(news主动发出"合人兴奋"的动作) O例句：The excited fans cheered for the singer..(fans被动地"感到兴奋"） 3.过去分词短语与定语从句同义转换 ②例句：The bridge built last year is strong. 例句：=The bridge which was built last year is strong 4.不规则动词过去分词拼写（常考：broken,written,seen,spoken,taken等） 例句：a broken bike(非breaked) 例句：a seen mistake(非seed) 二、专项练习 ()单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The movie made all the audience feel scared. A.frightening B.frightened C.frighten D.being frightened 2.The question at the meeting yesterday is still under debate A.discussing B.discussed C.to discuss D.to be discussed 3.Most of the artists to the gala are from overseas. A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.inviting 4.Avoid using words or phrases_ only to specialists in this field. A.being known B.having known C.to be known D.known 5.The skyscraper last year now dominates the skyline A.built B.being built C.to be built D.building 6.The students are required to keep the classroom tidy at all times A.using B.used C.to use D.use 7.The children sat silently in the corner,unwilling to speak. A.surprising B.surprised C.surprise D.to surprise 8.The grammar guide for advanced learners has received wide acclaim A.designing B.designed C.to design D.design 9.All copies of the limited edition have been sold out. A.printed B.printing C.to print D.print 10.The legend by the elderly storyteller moved everyone present. A.told B.telling C.to tell D.be told (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的正确形式填空（注意谓语或非谓语、成分需求）。 1.The (break)glass scattered across the floor must be cleared immediately. 2.The novel (write)by Mo Yan is regarded as a masterpiece of contemporary literature 3.We saw the (fall)trees blocking the road after the devastating storm. 4.The _(pollute)river has caused the death of thousands of fish in recent years. 5.The research project _(complete)last month has yielded groundbreaking results 6.The (lose)child was finally located by the search team after three days. 7.The (paint)wall now displays vivid murals that attract many visitors. 8.The advice (give)by the experienced coach proved invaluable to the team. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内所给词的正确形式。 Last week,we explored a medieval fortress 1. (build)in the 14th century.It is one of the most 2. (visit)tourist attractions in the region.The walls, 3. (paint)with ancient frescoes,are remarkably well preserved.Numerous photographs 4.(take)by royal families are displayed in the main hall. The chambers 5. (use)for secret councils remain exactly as they were centuries ago.The furniture,6. (make)from rare oak,is of immense historical value.We also noticed a grand clock 7.(stop)for over a century, yet its intricate mechanism remains intact. A guide 8.(call)Richard shared fascinating anecdotes about the fortress. He pointed out several portraits 9.(draw)by Renaissance artists.The inscriptions 10.(carve)into the stone walls tell stories of ancient battles. We were deeply impressed by the 11.(amaze)craftsmanship displayed throughout the site.Before departure,we posed for photos in front of the 12 (ruin)towers that dominate the landscape. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.B;3.A;4.D;5.A;6.B;7.B;8.B;9.A;10.A 选择 (二)用所 给词的适当 1.broken 2.written 3.fallen 4.polluted 5.completed 6.lost 形式填空 7.painted 8.given (三)篇章 1.built 2.visited 3.painted 4.taken 5.used 6.made 7.stopped 语法填空 8.called 9.drawn 10.carved 11.amazing 12.ruined 语法精讲精练二 （一)基本定义 非限制性定语从句是对先行词或主句进行补充说明的从句，去掉后不影响句子主干意义的 完整性。它与先行词之间通常用逗号隔开，引导词不能省略，也不能用that引导（特殊 情况除外)。在高考语法填空、短文改错和写作中属高频考点。 (二) 核心用法与位置 项目 说明 紧跟先行词之后（多数情况）；也可以放在主句之后，修饰整个主句（常见于 位置 which引导) 逗号 必须使用逗号与主句隔开（这是与限制性定语从句最直观的区别） 引导 词 who,whom,whose,which,when,where,as;不能用that 省略 引导词（关系代词副词)不能省略 先行 可以是单个名词、名词短语，也可以是整个主句（常见用which) 词 例句： My brother,who works in Beijing,is coming tonight.(补充说明，去掉后 句子仍完整) The school,where I studied for three years,is very famous. He passed the exam,which made his parents very happy.(which 代整个主句) (三)非限制性定语从句Vs限制性定语从句（高考必考对比） 对比 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 维度 起限定、识别作用，去掉后句意不 作用 完整或改变 起补充说明作用，去掉后句意依然完整 逗号 不用逗号 必须用逗号 引导 that who which whom/ who/whom whose /which when 词 whose when where /why where/as(不能用that,也不能省略) 先行 只能是名词或代词 可以是名词、代词，也可以指代整个主句 词 翻译 常译为”的” 常译为“并且/这件事/那时.” 经典对此例句： 限制性：The students who are from China study hard.(只有来自中国的学 生努力学习) 非限制性：The students,who are from China,study hard..(所有学生都来 自中国，而且他们努力学习) (四)引导词用法详解（高考核心考点） 1.which 指代物或整件事，可作主语、宾语、表语 例句：The book,which I bought yesterday,is very interesting. ★考点：which可以指代整个主句，如He failed the exam,which surprised us all." 2.who /whom who作主语/宾语（宾语时口语常用who);whom只作宾语（正式语体） 例句：The manager,who is very strict,praised me, 例句：The artist,.whom everyone admires,will give a speech, 3.whose 表所属关系，指人物均可，作定语 例句：The building,whose roof was damaged in the storm,is being repaired. 4.when /where when指时间，where指地点 例句：We will never forget the day,when we first met. 例句：He went to Paris,where he studied art. 5.as ★高考高频易错点 a5引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，常译为“正如..”，常见搭 配： as we know as is known to all as is often the case/as we expected 与which的区别：as有“正如'含义，常指普逼已知的事实；which单纯指代事 实。 例句：As is known to all,the Earth moves around the Sun. 对比：He came late,which made the teacher angry.(不可用as,因为 “使老师生气”不是已知事实) (五)高考高频考点总结 1逗号不可省略，引导词不可省略 错误：The man who is sitting there is my uncle.(如果该句为非限制性，需加 逗号并改用who) 2.which指代整个主句时，从句谓语用单数 例句：The team won the game,which encourages everyone. 3.as与which的位置差异 as可放句首：As we all know,he is honest. which只能放在主句后：He is honest,which we all know.(不可放句首) 4.非限制性定语从句中不能用that 错误：The book,that I borrowed from the library,is due tomorrow.(应改为 which) 5.关系副词when/where在非限制性定语从句中不能省略，也不能简化为介词 +which结构（有时可以互换但需注意语体） 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The scientist, work is highly respected,will give a lecture next week. A.who B.that C.whose D.which 2.He missed the train, made him late for the interview. A.that B.which C.when D.as 3.The old temple, was built in the 12th century,attracts many tourists A.which B.that C.where D.what 4.My sister you met at the party,is a famous dancer. A.whom B.whose C.which D.when 5 is often the case,the boy didn't finish his homework on time. A.As B.Which C.That D.What 6.He decided to move to the countryside, he could enjoy fresh air. A.when B.where C.which D.that 7.The president, speech was broadcast live,called for unity. A.who B.whom C.whose D.which 8.She passed the driving test, surprised everyone. A.that B.which C.as D.this 9.We will never forget the year 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic broke out. A.when B.where C.which D.that 10.The manager, we interviewed yesterday,is very experienced. A.who B.whom C.whose D.which (二)用适当的引导词填空(8小题) 根据语境，在横线上填入合适的引导词(who,whom,whose,which,when,where, as)。每空一词。 1.The Great Wall, is one of the wonders of the world,attracts millions of visitors every year. 2.The teacher, I met in the library,gave me some useful advice. 3.We visited the city, _many famous artists were born. 4.The car, engine was broken,had to be towed away. 5. we all know,practice makes perfect. 6.He was late for the meeting, made the boss very angry. 7.I will never forget the summer vacation, I traveled to Tibet. 8.The students,most of are from the countryside,work very hard. (三)篇章语法填空(10空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的引导词（关系代词或副词)，或根据上下文判断是否 需要填词（每空可能填一个词，无需填时填“"）。 Last week,I visited an old town,1._ is located in the south of China. The town,2. history dates back to the lang Dynasty,is famous for its ancient architecture.The local people,3. are very friendly,welcomed us warmly.I met an old craftsman,4.skills in wood carving amazed me.He showed me a wooden statue,5.was carved over 100 years ago.The market,6.we bought some souvenirs,was crowded.We also saw a temple,7.roof was painted gold.The guide,8.stories about the town were fascinating,told us many legends.9. we expected,the scenery was breathtaking.All of us enjoyed the trip, 10. made us forget our daily worries. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.C;2.B;3.A;4.A;5.A;6.B;7.C;8.B;9.A;10.B 选择 (二)用适 1.which 2.whom who 3.where 4.whose 5.As 6.which 当的引导词 填空 7.when 8.whom (三)篇章 1.which 2.whose 3.who 4.whose 5.which 6.where 7.whose 语法填空 8.whose 9.As 10.which