Unit 3 On the move-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修二（外研版）

Unit 3 On the move 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：不定式作定语(todo)~后置定语修饰名词/代词 女同步语法二：不定式作结果状语(todo)-enough..to../so.asto./only to do 语法精讲精练一 (一)基本定义 不定式作定语是非谓语动词作定语的一种，通常置于被修饰的名词或代词之后（后置定语），表 示将来、目的、主动或被动等含义。在高考中，不定式作定语常与定语从句、分词作定语进行 区分，是语法填空和短文改错的核心高频考点。 (二)核心用法与位置 不定式作定语均为后置定语（单个不定式或不定式短语都后置），分为主动形式(todo)和 被动形式(to be done),用法和含义对比如下： 形式 位置 含义 逻辑关系 例句 todo（主动不定 被修饰 表将来/目 被修饰名词是动 I have a letter to send,(我要 式) 名词后 的/主动 作的逻辑主语 寄一封信) to be done(被 被修饰 表将来/被 被修饰名词是动 The problem to be solved is 动不定式) 名词后 动 作的逻辑宾语 hard,(待解决的问题) (三)核心含义区分 1.表将来：不定式动作尚未发生，是“将要..…"的含义。 ⑧例句：the bridge to be built next year(明年将要建的大桥) 2表目的：不定式说明被修饰名词的功能或用途。 ⊙例句：a tool to cut wood(切木头的工具) 3.表主动：被修饰名词是不定式的执行者。 例句：She was the first person to arrive.(她是最先到达的人) 4表被动：被修饰名词是动作的承受者，且动作尚未发生。 O例句：the medicine to be taken three times a day(每日三次的药) 注意：当不定式与先行词构成“动宾关系”且动词为不及物动词时，需要保留相应介词。 /例：He is a good person to work with.(他是一个可以共事的人，"with"不可省略) (四)不定式作定语Vs现在分词Vs过去分词作定语（高考必考点） 类别 时间 语态关系 典型例句 关系 主动或被动 不定式(todo/ 将来 (取决于形 a meeting to be held tomorrow(明天要开的 to be done) 式) 会)；a problem to solve(要解决的问题) 正在 a running dog(奔跑的狗)；an interesting 现在分词(doing) 进行 主动 ilm(有趣的电影) 已经 a broken window(破碎的窗户)；a written 过去分词(done) 被动 完成 report(写好的报告) (五)高考高频考点总结 1.不定式主动形式表被动含义（固定句型） I have a lot of work to do,(have+n,+todo,主动形式表被动，强调主语自己去 做) There is nothing to worry about.(there be结构中，主动不定式表被动) 2.不定式被动形式to be done表示“将要被..…”（常与定语从句转换） O例句：The meeting to be held next Friday is important, /The meeting which will be held next Friday is important. 3.不定式与序数词、最高级、抽象名词连用 He is the first student to finish the exam.(第一个完成的学生) She has the ability to solve complex problems,(解决复杂问题的能力) 4.注意不定式中介词的保留 ②例句：He is a reliable person to depend on.(依赖的人，on不能省略) 5.区分不定式作定语与不定式作目的状语 作定语：He bought a machine to clean the floor.(一台用于扫地的机器，修饰 machine) 作状语：He bought a machine to clean the floor.(为了扫地而买机器，修饰动词 bought,强调目的) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The meeting next Monday has been postponed. A.to hold B.to be held C.holding D.held 2.1 need a pen A.to write B.writing C.to write with D.written 3.She is the only person the truth A.knowing B.to know C.known D.knows 4.The problem at tomorrow's conference is about climate change. A.discussing B.discussed C.to be discussed D.being discussed 5.He bought a new house a large garden. A.to have B.having C.has D.had 6.The best way English is to practice every day A.learn B.to learn C.learning D.learned 7.There are still many difficulties A.to overcome B.overcome C.overcoming D.to be overcome 8.The first person the building was a firefighter. A.entering B.to enter C.entered D.enters 9.The decision next week will affect the whole project. A.to make B.making C.made D.to be made 10.He has no place A.to live B.to live in C.living D.lived (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的适当形式填空（注意不定式的主动/被动形式）。 1.The key (open)the door was missing 2.The bridge (build)next year will benefit many people. 3.He is always the last one (leave)the office. 4.We have nothing (worry）about. 5.The man (see)tomorrow is a famous scientist. 6.The method (adopt)at the next meeting is expected to work. 7.She has a natural ability (learn)languages 8.The children are looking for a safe place(play). (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的适当形式。 There are several tasks 1. (complete)before the deadline.The first thing y (do)is to make a plan.The plan 3.(follow)should be clear.We also have some problems 4. (solve).The most important problem 5. (address)is the budget.There is a meeting 6.(hold)next week. The people 7._ (invite)to the meeting are all experts.They have a lot of experience 8. (share).The venue 9.(choose)for the meeting is still undecided.The goal 10. (achieve)is to find a solution.There is no time 11. (waste).The action 12. (take)must be effective. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.C;3.B;4.C;5.A;6.B;7.A;8.B;9.D;10.B 选择 (二)用所 给词的适当 1.to open 2.to be built;3.to leave 4.to worry 5.to be seen 6.to be 形式填空 adopted 7.to learn 8.to play (三)篇章 1.to be completed 2.to do 3.to be followed 4.to solve 5.to be 语法填空 addressed 6.to be held 7.to be invited 8.to share 9.to be chosen 10.to be achieved 11.to waste 12.to be taken 章 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 不定式作结果状语，用于表示动作或状态所带来的结果，通常位于主句之后。高考中常见 三大结构：enough.to.、so.asto.、only to do。三者语义侧重不同，是语 法填空、短文改错和阅读理解中的高频考点。 (二) 核心用法对比 结构 逻辑关系 例句 高考考点 表示“足够…以至 The boy is old ①enough修饰形容词/ 于能够.…”， 结果 enough to go to 副词，位于其后；②不 enough...to... 通常是预期、正向 school. (这个男孩够 定式逻辑主语通常与主 或中性的 大了，可以去上学了。) 句主语一致 表示“如此.…以至 He is so kind as to ①so后接形容词/副词原 于”，结果可以 help the poor. (他如 so...as to... 级；②asto可省略，仍 是正向、负向或程 此善良，以至于帮助穷 保持不定式结果含义 度加深，强调程度 人。) ①only to do常表示意 表示“结果却不 He rushed to the 外的负面结果；②不定 料.”，结果出乎 station,only to find 式部分通常用完成式 only to do 意料、合人失望或 the train had left. (only to have done) 讽刺，常与预期相 (他冲到车站，结果却 表示先于主句发生的动 反 发现火车已经开走了。) 作 (三)易混点与注意事项（高考重点） 1.enough的位置 形容词/副词+enough+todo:The water is warm enough to swim in. enough++to do I have enough money to buy a car. 注意：enough不能放在形容词前(x enough warm) 2.so...as tosuch...as to so+形容词/副词+as to do such+名词短语+as to do(较少见，但高考偶尔出现) It was such a loud noise as to wake everyone up.(如此大的噪音，把所有人 都吵醒了) 3.so..asto与so.that从句的转换 高考常考句式转换： He was so tired as to fall asleep.He was so tired that he fell asleep. 注意：so..asto中不定式的主语必须与主句主语一致；而so.that从句主语可以不 同 4.only to do的时态变化 如果不定式动作发生在主句之后：He went home,only to find the door locked.(发现内锁着，与回家同时或稍后) 如果不定式动作发生在主句之前：He arrived late,only to have been fired. (结果已经被解雇了，先于到达) 高考常考：only to have done表示先于主句的意外结果 (四) 三类结构总结（附高频例句） 结构 常用模式 例句 ① be adj./adv.enough for The cake is big enough for six enough...to... sb.)to do people to share. She was so angry as to walk out ②s0.asto.… so adj./adv.as to do of the room. I opened the box,only to find it ③only to do 主语+谓语.，only to do empty. (五)高考命题陷阱（必背） 1.陷阱1：把enough放在形容词前纠正：The problem is easy enough for children.(x easy enough) 纠正：The problem is easy enough for children.(X easy enough) 2.陷阱2：混淆so..asto与such.asto纠正：so后接形容词，such后接名词（such a clever boy as to solve the problem) p纠正：so后接形容词，such后接名词(such a clever boy as to solve the problem) 3.陷阱3：only to doi误用于预期结果纠正：only to do必表意外，若表顺理成章结果 用todo即可(He woke up to find it was a dream.自然结果；He woke up,only to find it was a dream.稍带意外感，但两者都可) 纠正：only to dos必表意外，若表顺理成章结果用todo即可(He woke up to find it was a dream.自然结果；He woke up,only to find it was a dream. 稍带意外感，但两者都可) 4.陷阱4：分词与不定式混淆举例：She got up early only the bus had left.答案应为to find(不定式)，非finding 举例：She got up early only_ the bus had left.答案应为to find (不定式)，非finding 二、专项练习 (一）单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The little boy is not to carry the heavy box. A.enough strong B.strong enough C.so strong D.too strong 2.He was foolish tell the truth to everyone. A.too;to B.so;as to C.such;as D.enough;to 3.She hurried to the airport,to learn that the flight had been cancelled. A.only B.only to C.only finding D.to find 4.The ice is thick enough on. A.to walk B.walking C.for walking D.walked 5.The weather was cold as to cause the pipes to freeze A.very B.so C.too D.enough 6.He studied hard,only _ the exam. A.fail B.failing C.to fail D.failed 7.There were many people in the hall as to make it impossible to breathe. A.such B.so C.too D.enough 8.She spoke fast enough for everyone her words A.understand B.understanding C.to understand D.understood 9.The boy was so careless his key in the classroom. A.to leave B.as to leave C.leaving D.that left 10.He climbed to the top of the mountain,only a dead end. A.to see B.seeing C.saw D.to have seen (二)完成句子(8小题) 根据汉语提示，用不定式结果状语补全句子，每空一词或短语。 1.这个箱子很轻，一个孩子就能搬动。 The box is light a child. 2他说话声音够大，以致于整个房间的人都能听见。 He spoke loud the whole room. 3.她匆忙赶到办公室，结果却发现内锁着。 She hurried to the office, the door locked. 4.这个问题如此简单，连五岁的孩子都能回答。 The question is so simple 5.他跑得很快，足以赢得比赛。 He ran fast the race. 6.我打开盒子，不料里面空空的。 I opened the box, empty. 7.这个城市足够安全，适合游客参观。 The city is safe visit. 8.天气如此热，以致于我们不得不待在室内。 It was so hot indoors. (三)语法填空(10小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给词的正确形式，或填写适当的词（每空一词）。 Last month,our team prepared so carefully 1 (win)the competition. We thought we were strong 2.(beat)any opponent.However,when the final match came,we played well enough 3.(draw),but we lost 2- 1 in the last minute. The coach was very angry.He said we were so careless 4. (make)a fatal mistake just before the end.We trained for months,only 5. (lose)in such a sad way.After the game,I stayed on the field long enough 6.(realize)what had happened.It was so painful as 7._(bring) tears to my eyes. Later,I went to the locker room,only 8. (find)the team already discussing our next plan.They were determined to be strong enough 9. (come)back next year.Their words were so inspiring as 10. (restore)my confidence. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.B;2.B;3.B;4.A;5.B;6.C;7.B;8.C;9.B;10.A (二)完成 1.enough for 2.enough for 3.only to find 4.as to be answered 句子 by a five-year-old child 5.enough to win 6.only to find it 7.enough for tourists to 8.as to stay (三)语法 1.as to win 2.enough to beat 3.enough to draw 4.as to make 填空 5.to lose 6.to realize 7.to bring 8.to find 9.to come 10.to restore