Unit 2 Exploring English-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修一（外研版）

Unit 2 Exploring English 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：派生法（前缀/后缀的构成规律） ☆同步语法二：合成法（各类合成词的构成与意义） 语法精讲精练 (一）基本定义 派生法(Derivation)是英语构词法中最为活跃的方式之一，通过在一个词根(root)的前面 或后面添加词缀(afx)形成新词。其中：前缀(prefix)加在词根前，改变词义，一般不改 变词性；后缀(sux)加在词根后，改变词性，有时也改变词义。掌握派生规律能大幅提升 词汇量，也是高考语法填空、完形填空、阅读理解中推断词义的重要依据。 (二)核心用法与规律 1.常见前缀（改变词义） 前缀 含义 例词（高中常见） un- 不、非 unhappy,unable,uncommon dis- 不、否定、相反 disagree,disappear,disadvantage in-/im-/il-/ 不、非（根据首字母变 体) incorrect,impossible,illegal,irregular ir- re- 再、重新 rebuild,review,recycle pre- 在.…之前 preview,predict,prevent mis- 错误地 misunderstand,mislead,mistake over- 过度、超过 overwork,overeating,overcrowded underestimate,underdeveloped, under- 低于、不足 underground en-/em- 使（动词化） enable,encourage,embody 高考常考否定前缀的词义转换，尤其是im-il-ir-的拼写规则（如possible→impossible; legal--→illegal;regular--→irregular)o 2.常见后缀（改变词性） ①名词后缀 后缀 含义 例词 动词形容词来源 -tion / 行为、状 education,decision,expression educate,decide,express sion 态、结果 -ment 行为、结果 achievement,environment achieve,environ -ness 性质、状态 happiness,darkness happy,dark -ity 性质、状态 ability,diversity able,diverse 做.的人 -er /-or 物 teacher,actor,calculator teach,act,calculate 从事…的 -ist scientist,artist,biologist 人 science,art,biology -ance / 行为、状态 importance,difference important,different ence -ure 行为、结果 pressure,failure press,fail ②形容词后缀 后缀 含义 例词 来源 -ful 充满.…的 useful,hopeful,wonderful use,hope,wonder -less 没有的 useless,homeless,careless use,home,care -able / 能够.…的 comfortable,possible,visible comfort,possibility, ible vision 与…有关 educational,national, -al education,nation, 的 traditional tradition 有……性质 -ive 的 active,creative,impressive act,create,impress -ous 具有..…的 dangerous,famous,various danger,fame,vary 有…的、 -y 多…的 sunny,lucky,healthy sun,luck,health ③动词后缀 后缀 含义 例词 来源 -ize /-ise 使…化 realize,modernize,organize real,modern,organ -en 使.…变得 widen,strengthen,shorten wide,strength,short -ify 使化 simplify,classify,beautify simple,class,beauty ④副词后缀 后缀 含义 例词 来源 y 地 quickly,carefully,fortunately quick,careful,fortunate -ward(s) 朝……方向 forward,backward,upward for(e),back,up 在…方 -wise otherwise,clockwise,likewise other,clock,like 面、方向 高考完形填空常以派生词形式出现（如un-+known→unknown;care+-less→ careless);语法填空则常要求根据语境转换词性（如动词变名词：achieve→ achievement;形容词变副词：beautiful→beautifully)。 (三)核心含义与易混点 1.否定前缀的微妙差异 un-通常用于形容词或过去分词（如unfair,unfinished) dis常用于动词或抽象名词（如disapprove,disagreement) Qin-/im-/il-/ir用于以特定字母开头的形容词（如inadequate,immature, illogical,irresponsible) 注意：有些词有两种否定形式，含义不同，如unhealthy(不健康)vs.unhealthful(不利于 健康的)一一高考偶有辨析。 2.形容词后缀-ful和-less的对比 hopeful(充满希望的)hopeless(没有希望的) careful（小v心的)：careless(粗心的) 理解为“有..的"与"无…的”，是高考常考的反义词构成法。 3.名词后缀-tion与-sion的拼写差异 -tion最普逼（如action,education) 9-sion常出现在-d,-de,-se结尾的动词后（如decide→decision,provide→ provision,express-expression) 而-ssion出现在以-mit,-cede等结尾的动词后（如transmit→transmission,succeed -→succession) 4.动词→名词的后缀选择 不同动词需搭配不同后缀，记忆需结合词根规律： 以-ate结尾的动词→加-ion→create→creation O以-ify结尾的动词→加-ication→classify→classification ⊙以-ive结尾的形容词→加-ity→active→activity (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.根据上下文推断派生词含义 ⑧例句：The unforeseen problem caused a lot of trouble,(un-+foresee+-en →未预见的；高考中可通过已知部分推测词义) 2.语法填空：词性转换 Q例句：The (discover)of penicillin is of great significance.答案： discovery(discover+-y,动词变名词) 3.语法填空：否定前缀的使用 Q例句：tis (possible)for him to finish the work in two hours.答案： impossible(以p开头，用im-) 4短文改错：派生词拼写错误 O例句：The situation is getting badly in the area.→worse但若考查派生词，如： He is a famously writer.→famous(去掉-ly) 5.阅读理解：利用派生法猜词 ②例句：The lifeless desert seemed to stretch to the horizon.(Iife+-ess→无 生命的) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The of the new technology has greatly improved our daily life A.apply B.applied C.application D.applying 2.It is for a child to lift such a heavy box. A.possible B.impossible C.possibly D.possibility 3.The teacher gave us a very_ explanation of the theory. A.detail B.detailed C.detailing D.details 4.Many students find it hard to between "effect"and "affect" A.difference B.different C.differ D.differently 5.The research that regular exercise can reduce the risk of heart disease A.indicates B.indicator C.indication D.indicative 6.He made an decision without considering the consequences. A.responsible B.irresponsible C.responsibility D.responding 7.The of the old building took more than three years. A.construct B.construction C.constructive D.constructing 8.She is a very writer,having published ten novels in five years A.produce B.production C.productive D.product 9.The weather was cold,but we still enjoyed the trip. A.expected B.unexpectedly C.unexpected D.expecting 10.The of the problem lies in its complexity. A.solve B.solution C.solved D.solver (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内词的正确派生形式（前缀或后缀）填空，注意词性变化。 1.The (pollute)of the river has become a serious environmental issue. 2.It is (legal)to park your car here without a permit 3.She showed great (creative)in designing the new logo 4.The (frequent)of earthquakes in this area is getting higher. 5.The doctor advised him to take a (health)diet and exercise regularly. 6.His (confuse)expression suggested he didn't understand the question. 7.The (develop)of 5G technology has changed our way of communication. 8.The (succeed)experiment led to a breakthrough in medicine (三)篇章语法填空（12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给词的正确形式（使用派生法或适当变形）。 Last year,our school organized a study tour to a 1. (history)city.The 2. (explore)of the ancient streets was an unforgettable experience.We saw many 3.(culture)relics that had been well preserved.One of the most 4. (impress)buildings was an old temple. The guide told us that the temple had undergone several 5. (renovate) over the centuries.Its 6.(architect)style combined different features.We also learned about the 7.(religion)beliefs of the people who built it. During the trip,I was 8. (deep)moved by the 9.(beautiful)of the place.The 10. (surround)environment was so peaceful.I took many photos to 11. (memory)the wonderful moments.This tour not only broadened my horizons but also made me more 12 (appreciate)of our rich history. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.C;2.B;3.B;4.C;5.A;6.B;7.B;8.C;9.C;10.B (二)用所 给词的适当 1.pollution 2.illegal 3.creativity 4.frequency 5.healthy 形式填空 6.confused 7.development 8.successful (三)篇章 1.historic 2.exploration 3.cultural 4.impressive 5.renovations; 语法填空 6.architectural 7.religious 8.deeply 9.beauty 10.surrounding 11.memorize 12.appreciative 章 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 合成法(Compounding)是把两个或两个以上的独立单词组合成一个新词的构词方法。 合成词在英语中数量庞大，其意义通常可由组成部分推断，但也存在引申义甚至转义。合 成法是高考英语词汇扩展、语法填空和阅读理解的核心考点，涉及合成名词、合成形容 词、合成动词等多种类型。 (二)核心分类与构成方式 合成词主要分为合成名词、合成形容词、合成动词三类，常见构成方式如下： 类型 构成方式 示例 含义说明 合成名 classroom,footprint, 名词+名词 表示场所、痕迹、物品等 词 smartphone 合成名 blackboard,greenhouse, 表示事物或概念（有时有 形容词+名词 词 highway 引申义) 合成名 动词+名词 playground,washroom, 表示活动场所或设施 词 swimming pool 合成名 副词+动词 词 output,input,lookout 表示行动结果或方位概念 合成名 动词+副词 break-up,take-off,get- 表示分离、起飞、聚会等 词 together 合成形 名词+现在分 主动含义："热爱.的"“节 peace-loving,time-saving 容词 词 省的” 合成形 形容词+现在 主动含义："好看的"“好相 good-looking,easy-going 容词 分词 处的” 合成形 名词+过去分 被动含义：”人造的"“心碎 容词 词 man-made,heart-broken 的” 合成形 形容词+过去 被动含义："新生的"现成 new-born,ready-made 容词 分词 的” 合成形 数词+名词 表示“有.的”“具有.特征 three-legged,kind-hearted 容词 +ed 的” 合成形 表示属性：“深海的"“全长 形容词+名词 deep-sea,full-length 容词 度的” 合成动 动作由名词和动词组合而 名词+动词 babysit,sleepwalk,water-ski 词 成 合成动 副词+动词 overcome,underline,outdo 表示“克服”“强调”“胜过” 词 (三)核心含义与用法 1.字面组合与引申义 字面组合：classroom 引申义：greenhouse 2.分词部分的逻辑关系（高考必考) 名词+现在分词→主动关系：peace-loving 名词+过去分词→被动关系：man-made 形容词+现在分词→主动关系：good-looking 数词+名词+ed→特征描述：three-legged 3.连字符的使用规则 临时构成的合成词或作前置定语时通常加连字符：a well-known writer 固定词汇往往不加连字符：classroom 高考考点：语法填空、短文改错中注意连字符的有无。 (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.合成词内部逻辑关系的判断 例句：time-saving 2.合成词与短语的转换 例句：a three-legged table 3.合成动词的时态变化 例句：She babysat her little brother yesterday. 4.合成形容词作定语时的位置 例句：a heart-breaking story 5.同义合成词的辨析 例句：well-known 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The girl is very popular in her class. A.good-looking B.good-looked C.well-looking D.well-looked 2.We all like the house built by my uncle A.wood-made B.wooden-made C.wood-making D.wooden- making 3.The water is not safe to drink. A.waste-polluted B.waste-polluting C.polluted-waste D.polluting-waste 4.He is a man and always helps others. A.warm-hearted B.warm-heart C.warmly-hearted D.heart-warming 5.The 。 car ran very fast. A.racing B.race-made C.race-making D.race-built 6.She bought a_ dress for the party. A.hand-making B.hand-made C.hand-make D.hand-maden 7.The problem was finally solved. A.long-standing B.long-stand C.long-stood D.long-standed 8.The teacher is respected by all students. A.well-knowing B.well-known C.good-known D.good-knowing 9.The book is a bestseller. A.best-sell B.best-sold C.best-selling D.well-sold 10.We need a machine to do the job A.time-saving B.time-saved C.time-save D.saving-time (二) 用所给词的适当合成形式填空(8小题) 根据提示，将括号内的单词组合成适当的合成词形式填空（注意是否需要连字符）。 1.The (kind,heart)old man donated all his money to the poor. 2.This (home,make)bread tastes really delicious. 3.The (three,leg)chair is unstable. 4.The (world,wide)spread of the virus has caused great panic 5.She is a (hard,work)student. 6.The (hand,write)letter is very precious 7.The (peace,love)people all over the world support the idea. 8.The (new,born)baby is very cute. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的正确形式（可能需合成或变形，注意时 态、语态及合成规则)。 Last week,our school held a 1. (well,organize)sports meeting.Many students took part in 2. (different,kind)events.The 3. (long, run)race was the most exciting.A 4.(fast,move)runner from Class 3 won the first prize.His 5. (hard,work)training paid off.The 6. (home,make)medals were given to the winners.The 7. (world,fame)runner was also present.The 8.(high,jump)event was won by a girl.The 9.(cheer,heart)audience supported all the athletes.The 10. (tire)athletes finally finished the race.The 11. (sports,man)spirit was shown by everyone.This 12. (memory,live)event will never be forgotten. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.A;2.A3.A;4.A;5.A;6.B;7.A;8.B;9.C;10.A (二)用所 给词的适当 1.kind-hearted 2.home-made 3.three-legged 4.worldwide 合成形式填 5.hard-working 6.hand-written 7.peace-loving 8.new-born 空 (三)篇章 1.well-organized 2.different 3.long-running 4.fast-moving 语法填空 5.hard-working 6.home-made 7.world-famous 8.high-jump; 9.warm-hearted 10.tired 11.sportsman 12.lifelong