Unit 4 Friends forever-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修一（外研版）

Unit 4 Friends forever 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：限定性定语从句关系代词 女同步语法二：限定性定语从句关系副词 语法精讲精练 (一）基本定义 限定性定语从句是对先行词起修饰、限定作用的从句，去掉后主句语义不完整。关系代词 (who,whom,which,that,whose)在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，引导从句并 与先行词建立联系。这是高考语法填空、短文改错、写作提分的关键考点。 (二)核心用法与位置 关系代词的选择取决于两点：①先行词指人还是指物②关系代词在从句中所作的成分（主语/ 宾语/定语) 位置：关系代词紧跟在先行词之后，引导定语从句。 先行 关系代词 词 从句中的成分 例句 主语、宾语（可省略） The boy who is reading aloud is who my brother. 宾语（正式用法，常可省略 The teacher whom we respect whom 或用who) most is Mr.Li. The book which you bought is which 物 主语、宾语（可省略） interesting. 人或 主语、宾语（可省略） The car that was stolen has that 物 been found. 人或 The girl whose father is a doctor whose 物 定语（表示“…的”） sits there. (三)核心用法区分（高考高频易错点） 1.只能用that,不能用which的情况 ②先行词被序数词、最高级修饰：the first that came,.the best that I have O先行词为不定代词(al,little,much,everything,nothing等)：All that remains is hope. O先行词同时含人和物：The people and things that we mentioned O先行词被the very,the only,.the samef修饰：This is the very book that I want. 2.只能用which,不能用that的情况 O介词+which:The house in which he lives is old. ©非限制性定语从句（高考中限定性不涉及，但需区分）：此处限定性定语从句通常用 that或which均可，但介词后必须用whicho 3.whose的用法 ⑧表示"所属"，可指人也可指物（相当于of which/whom) O例句：The tree whose leaves have fallen is dying, O例句：The tree the leaves of which have fallen is dying. 4.关系代词作宾语时可省略 OThe movie that we saw was boring.-The movie we saw was boring. But关系代词在从句中作主语不能省略：The man who called you is waiting. (四)关系代词who/whom/that指人时的辨析 who:作主语或宾语，口语中常替代whom whom:仅作宾语，正式文体，介词后必须用whom that:可作主语或宾语，但不能用于介词后，也不能用于非限制性定语从句 高考常考：句中出现介词时，选whom(指人)或which(指物)。 (五)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.先行词为“人"时，关系代词作主语用who/that,作宾语用who/whom/that(可省略) 例：The doctor who./that saved the boy is famous. The student who/whom/that we praised is hardworking. 2.先行词为“物"时，注意只用that或只用which的特殊情况 This is the most important thing that I should tell you. The room in which the meeting is held is large. 3.whose引导定语从句，表示“所属关系” 例：I know the writer whose book won the prize 4.关系代词在从句中作宾语可以省略，但在介词后不可省略 例：The letter(that/which)I wrote is on the desk.(可省略) 例：The pen with which I wrote is lost..(不可省) 5.先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that They talked about the persons and things that they remembered. 二、专项练习 （一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The man is standing over there is our new English teacher. A.whom B.which C.who D.whose 2.This is the highest building I have ever seen in this city. A.which B.that C.what D.whom 3.The writer books are popular among teenagers is coming to our school. A.who B.which C.whose D.whom 4.Do you still remember the day we spent together on the farm? A.when B.that C.in which D.where 5.The only thing we can do is to wait patiently. A.which B.that C.what D.whose 6.The factory products are of high quality has a good reputation. A.which B.that C.whose D.where 7.The boy mother is a doctor works very hard. A.who B.that C.whose D.which 8.All have been tested must be put to use. A.that B.which C.what D.who 9.The package you sent me arrived yesterday. A.whose B.whom C.which D.who 10.The famous singer we admire most will give a concert next week. A.whom B.which C.that D.whose (二)用适当的关系代词填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，填入who,whom,which,that或whose。如有可省略的情况，请填入括号内 表示可省。 1.The scientist invented the new technology won the award. 2.This is the very museum we visited last summer. 3.The guests you invited to the party have arrived 4.I have a friend father is a famous director. 5.Everything we saw during the trip was amazing 6.The pencil with he wrote the letter is still on the desk 7.The man and the dog were walking along the street caught my attention. 8.The cake my mother baked for me tastes delicious. (三)篇章语法填空（12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的关系代词(who,whom,which,that,whose),或 根据上下文判断是否需要填入（若可省略则填“"）。 Last week,I met a girl 1. name was Lily.She was the first person 2. I talked to at the summer camp.The camp 3. _we stayed in was located near a lake.There was a tall tree 4.branches hung over the water One afternoon,we saw a boy 5.we all thought was very brave-he jumped into the lake to save a little dog 6.had fallen in.The owner of the dog,a woman 7.we didn't know,was extremely grateful.She thanked the boy 8.courage had saved her pet. During the camp,we also visited an old castle 9. walls were covered with ivy.The guide 10. showed us around told many stories 11. we found fascinating.The best part was the treasure hunt,12 every team participated in actively.It was truly an unforgettable experience. 三、参考答案 (一）单项 选择 1.C;2.B;3.C;4.B;5.B;6.C;7.C;8.A;9.C;10.A (二)用适 当的关系代 1.who/that 2.that 3.whom/who/that 4.whose 5.that 6.which 7.that 8.that/which 词填空 (三)篇章 1.whose 2.that 3.which 4.whose 5.who 6.that 7.whom 语法填空 8.whose 9.whose 10.who 11.that 12.which 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 限定性定语从句关系副词(when,where,why)用来修饰名词（即先行词），并在从句 中充当时间、地点或原因状语。关系副词是连接主句和从句的桥梁，高考语法填空、短文 改错及写作中常考其与关系代词、介词+which的转换。 (二)核心用法与位置 关系副词的选用取决于先行词的含义及从句中所缺的成分。下表总结核心用法： 从句 关系副 先行词（常见） 中的 词 例句 作用 time,day,year,moment,period, 时间 I still remember the day when occasion等时间名词 状语 when we first met. place,room,school,factory,street, 地点 This is the school where where country,.situation,point,case等地点 状语 I studied for three years. 或抽象地点名词 Can you explain the 原因 why reason 状语 reason why you were late? 位置：关系副词直接跟在先行词之后，引导定语从句，从句通常置于先行词之后。关系副 词不可省略（但在口语或非正式文体中，when/why有时可省略，高考通常要求正式写 法)。 (三)核心难点：关系副词Vs关系代词 高考高频考点：判断从句中缺少状语还是主语/宾语/表语。 缺少状语：若从句缺少状语（主谓宾完整），用关系副词(when,where,why)或 “介词+which"。 缺少主语或宾语：若从句缺少主语或宾语（谓语动词后缺宾语，或缺主语），用关系 代词(that,which,who,whom)。 This is the factory_ my father works.(从句work是不及物动词，缺 地点状语→填where/in which) This is the factory I visited last year.(从句visit是及物动词，缺宾 语→填which/that) (四)关系副词与“介词+which"的转换 ☆关系副词本质上相当于“介词+which",高考常考改写： when=in/on/at which(取决于先行词搭配) the day when he arrived-the day on which he arrived where=in/at/on which(取决于动词或名词搭配) the school where he studies-the school at which he studies why for which the reason why he left-the reason for which he left 注意：先行词为抽象地点（如situation,point,stage,case)时，常用where或in which,高考阅读中常见。 (五)高考高频考点总结 1判断从句状语成分：先行词为时间/地点/原因名词，且从句不缺主宾，优先考虑关系 副词。 例：We visited the museum many precious paintings are displayed.(缺地点状语→where/in which) 2抽象地点名词用where:如situation,case,point,condition,background等。 We have reached a point where we have to make a decision. 3.reason)后用why/for which,但若从句缺宾语，则用that/which.。 例：he reason why he cried is not clear..(why作状语) 例：The reason that/which he gave was not acceptable.(which作give的宾 语) 4.与定语从句关系代词的选择并列考查：语法填空中常给出动词，需判断是填关系代词 还是关系副词，核心看从句谓语动词是否及物及其后是否有宾语。 (（六)关系副词that的特殊用法 ⊙在非正式文体或某些先行词后，that可替代关系副词（但高考中一般不作为标准答 案，需根据上下文)。常见用法： the day that he came (when) the place that we visited(注意：这里that替代的是关系代词，因为是visit的宾 语) the reason that he left(=why,口语中常见) 考点提示：高考语法填空若要求填关系词，通常优先考虑关系副词 (when/where/why)或“介词+which",that一般不用于替代关系副词（除非在从句 中作宾语时扌用that)。注意区分。 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择（10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.I will never forget the day I joined the army. A.which B.when C.where D.why 2.This is the factory I used to work. A.which B.that C.where D.when 3.Can you tell me the reason you didn't come to the party? A.which B.that C.why D.where 4.The school he studied for ten years is very famous. A.where B.which C.when D.why 5.We have come to a point we need to take action immediately. A.which B.that C.where D.when 6.Do you remember the moment the accident happened? A.which B.when C.where D.why 7.The reason he gave for his absence was not true A.why B.where C.which D.when 8.This is the park I first met my wife A.which B.when C.where D.that 9.I will never forget the time we spent together in the countryside A.when B.where C.that D.why 10.The situation we had to make a quick decision was quite dangerous. A.which B.that C.where D.when (仁)用适当的关系副词或“介词+which"填空(8小题) 根据语境，填入when,where,.why或"介词+which"形式（如on which,in which, for which等)。注意：每空一词或一个短语。 1.This is the village I grew up. 2.Do you know the reason she was crying? 3.I still remember the year we first met. 4.The factory_I worked last summer has been closed. 5.We need to find a place we can have a peaceful talk. 6.The moment the teacher entered the classroom,everyone stood up. 7.There was a time I hated learning English. 8.Can you show me the house Shakespeare once lived? (三)篇章语法填空(12空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词（关系副词或介词+which),或根据上下文 用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。注意：有时需要填入that/which(关系代词)。 Last summer,I went back to the small town 1. I was born.It was a place 2.everything seemed familiar yet different.The old school 3 _I studied for six years is now a museum.I met a teacher 4. had taught me English.She asked me about the reason 5. I had chosen to become a writer.I told her that the day 6.I read my first novel was the day 7._changed my life.She nodded with a smile.Then we visited a park 8.we often played as children.The moment 9. we sat on the bench,memories flooded back.There was a time 10. life was simple and pure.Now we have reached a stage 11. we need to balance work and family.But the feelings we shared that day are something 12 I will always treasure. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.C;3.C;4.A;5.C;6.B;7.C;8.C;9.C;10.C 选择 (二)用适 当的关系副 1.where in which 2.why for which 3.when in which 4.where/ 词或“介词 in which 5.where /in which 6.when at which 7.when/during +which"填 which 8.where in which 空 (三)篇章 1.where 2.where 3.where 4.who /that 5.why 6.when 7.that which 语法填空 8.where 9.when 10.when 11.where 12.that which