Unit 4 History and Traditions-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修二（人教版）

Unit 4 History and Traditions 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 ☆同步语法一：过去分词作宾语补足语 ☆同步语法二：主谓一致 语法精讲精练 (一)基本定义 过去分词作宾语补足语时，用于补充说明宾语的状态或动作，宾语与过去分词之间存在被动关 系，即宾语是过去分词所表示动作的承受者。这是高考语法填空、短文改错、完形填空中的高 频考点，常与感官动词、使役动词、介词with等结构搭配出现。 (二)核心用法与结构 使用场景 常见动词结构 例句 说明 see,hear,watch 宾语window.与break为 I saw the window 感官动词 notice,feel,find, 被动关系，强调“窗户被 observe:等 broken by the storm. 打破”的状态 宾语car承受repairz动 have,get,make, She had her car 使役动词 作，强调“让别人修理”或 keep,leave等 repaired yesterday. “遭遇某事” want,wish, The teacher expected 宾语nomework承受 表示愿望/命合 expect,order,like the homework finish动作，表示“希望 等 finished on time. 作业被完成” with复合结构 with+宾语+宾 With the work done, “工作被完成”作为伴随情 补 he felt relieved. 况 (三)核心考点与易错点 1.过去分词宾补Vs现在分词宾补（高考必考点） 过去分词(done):宾语是动作的承受者（被动） 一一表示被动或已完成一一l heard the song sung in English.(歌被唱) 现在分词(doing):宾语是动作的发出者（主动）一一表示主动或进行一一l heard her singing in the next room.(她正在唱) 2.使役动词have/get的两种常见结构（高频考点） have/get+宾语+done:表示“让某事被做"或“遭遇某事” I"‖I have my hair cut tomorrow.(让人剪头发) He got his wallet stolen on the bus,(遭遇被偷) 区分：have sb do sth(让某人做某事，主动省略to的不定式)，get sb to do sth(说 服/让某人做某事) 3.感官动词后宾补的三种形式（易混点） see+sb+do:看见动作全过程（主动，已完成）一一I saw him fall off the bike, see+sb+doing:看见动作正在进行（主动，进行中）一一I saw him playing basketball. see+sb+done:看见宾语被..（被动）一一|saw the bike damaged beyond repair. 4.不规则动词过去分词拼写（常考） 注意：write→written,break→broken,steal→stolen,choose→chosen,prove→ proven/proved等 (四)高考真题示例（改编） 1.(2020全国卷I语法填空)Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating around human settlements,leading to the illusion that populations are higher than they actually are.(此处leading:为现在分词作结果状语，非 宾补一一但可类比理解) 2.(20l8北京卷单选)The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed after great effort.(developed作宾补，表被动) 3.(2017天津卷单选)I had as much fun sailing the seas as|now do working with students.(working作宾补，但为现在分词，表主动一一用于对比区分) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.When we came in,we found the boy on the floor,crying. A.lying B.laid C.lain D.lay 2.The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself A.hear B.hearing C.heard D.to hear 3.With all the problems the manager felt very relaxed. A.settle B.settling C.settled D.to settle 4.I am going to have my computer It doesn't work properly. A.repair B.repairing C.repaired D.to repair 5.The old man sat in the chair,with his eyes on the photo A.fix B.fixing C.fixed D.to fix 6.She was glad to see her child well in the nursery. A.take care of B.taken care of C.taking care of D.to take care of 7.He tried to make his point by giving more examples. A.understand B.understanding C.understood D.to understand 8.I heard the song many times,but I still like it. A.sing B.singing C.sung D.to sing 9.My mother wants the dinner before 7 o'clock. A.prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.to prepare 10.The thief was caught with his hands behind his back. A.tie B.tying C.tied D.to tie (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的过去分词或适当形式填空。 1.I had my watch (steal)on the crowded bus yesterday. 2.The girl couldn't make herself (understand)because of her poor English. 3.He found the door(lock)when he came back home. 4.With the flowers(water),the garden looked more beautiful. 5.The teacher kept the students(seat)all through the lecture. 6.We want the problem (solve)as soon as possible. 7.She got her hair (dye)red last weekend,which was a big change. 8.I saw the old building (pull)down to make room for a new shopping mall. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式。 Last week,I went to the repair shop to have my bike 1. (fix).While waiting, I saw a man 2.(argue)with the worker about the price.The worker explained that he had had his tools 3.(replace)last month,so the cost increased a bit.I noticed a poster 4.(hang)on the wall,which said "Keep your bike 5.(check)regularly." After the bike was done,I rode it to the library.I found the door 6. _(close), so I had to wait outside.With the rain 7. (come),I felt anxious.Suddenly,I saw a window 8.(open)on the second floor.I shouted to get the librarian's attention.Finally,she came and let me in.She said she hadn't expected the door 9. (lock)by accident. In the library,I heard the news 10 (announce)over the loudspeaker:a lecture would be held the next day.The speaker wanted his ideas 11. (spread)widely.I decided to attend,with my notebook 12.(prepare)in advance 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.A;2.C;3.C;4.C;5.C;6.B;7.C;8.C;9.C;10.C (二)用所 给词的适当 1.stolen 2.understood 3.locked 4.watered 5.seated 6.solved 形式填空 7.dyed 8.pulled (三)篇章 1.fixed 2.arguing 3.replaced 4.hung 5.checked 6.closed; 语法填空 7.coming 8.open 9.locked 10.announced 11.spread 12.prepared 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 主谓一致指句子中主语与谓语动词在人称和数上保持一致。它是英语语法的基础规则，也 是高考语法填空、短文改错、写作中的高频考点。核心原则包括：语法一致、意义一致、 就近原则。 (二)核心用法与分类 原则 说明 示例 语法 主语单数则谓语单数，主语 一致 复数则谓语复数 The boy likes music.The boys like music. 意义 主语形式单数但意义复数， The team are divided in opinion,(强调成员) 一致 谓语用复数；反之亦然 Five dollars is enough.(看作整体) 就近 谓语与离它最近的主语部分 原则 保持一致 Either you or he is wrong (三)高频考点详解（附例句） 1.并列主语与特殊连词 and连接两个并列成分：若表示不同的人物，谓语用复数；若表示一个整体概念 (如bread and butter),谓语用单数。 例：Bread and butter is his favorite breakfast.(整体概念) 例：Tom and Jerry are both my friends.(两个不同的人) or/either.or/neither..nor/not only..but also:遵循就近原则。 Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer. Not only he but also his parents were invited. 2.主语后跟插入语或介词短语 with/together with /along with /as well as rather than /including besides/except/but:这些结构不影响主语的数，谓语只与真正的主语保持一 致。 The teacher,together with his students,is going to the museum. No one except his close friends knows the truth. 3.不定代词作主语 each/every/either/neither/another/much/little/a little:谓语用单 数。 例：Each of the students has a dictionary. 例：Neither answer is correct. all/both/few/many/several:谓语用复数。 例：All are present today.(all指人) 例：Few were left in the room. some/any/none/most/half/rest:谓语根据所指名词的可数性或意义决 定。 例：Most of the water is polluted.(不可数) 例：Most of the books are interesting.(可数复数) 4.量词结构 a number of+可数名词复数：谓语用复数（许多）。 例：A number of students have passed the exam the number of+可数名词复数：谓语用单数(..的数量)。 例：he number of students has increased, a lot of/plenty of/lots of+名词：谓语与名词的数一致。 例：Plenty of time is needed. 例：Plenty of books are on the shelf.. more than one+单数名词：谓语用单数（尽管意义是多个）。 例：More than one student has failed the test. one and a half+复数名词：谓语用单数（看作整体）。 例：One and a half hours is enough 5.从句、动名词、不定式作主语 单个从句/动名词/不定式作主语：谓语用单数。 例：What he said is true, Reading aloud helps improve pronunciation. 例：To see is to believe. 并列的几个从句/动名词/不定式：若表达多个不同概念，谓语用复数。 例：What I need are patience and time.(强调多个事物) 例：Reading and writing are important skills. 6.集体名词作主语 family/team/class/committee/government/audience:若强调整体， 谓语用单数；若强调成员个体，谓语用复数。 例：The family is very large.(整个家庭) 例：The family are all waiting for dinner.(家庭成员) police/people/cattle:通常作复数，谓语用复数。 例：The police are searching for the thief.. 7.时间、距离、金额、重量等度量词作主语 视为一个整体时，谓语用单数。 例：Ten years is a long time, 例：100 dollars was stolen. 例：hree kilometers is a long walk, 8."the+形容词'表示一类人 谓语用复数。 例：he poor are often helped by the government. 例：The young like pop music. 9.倒装句中的主谓一致 谓语与后面的真正主语保持一致。 例：In the room stands a tall man. 例：On the table are some apples. 10.不定代词all/both/each作同位语 当all/both/each位于主语后作同位语时，谓语与主语一致。 例：They each have a new book.(主语they,复数) 例：he students all like the teacher. (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.就近原则：or,either.or,neither..nor,not only.but also连接主语 Either the manager or his assistants were blamed. 2插入语干扰：with,together with,as well as等 The girl,as well as her parents,is fond of reading. 3.量词辨析：a number of/the number of A number of problems have been solved.The number of problems is increasing. 4.不定代词：each,every,neither,,either作主语或修饰主语 Each student has a chance.Neither of the answers is right 5集体名词：强调整体Vs个体 例：The committee has decided the plan.(整体)/The committee are arguing about the plan.(成员) 6.动名词/不定式/从句作主语：谓语通常用单数 例：Having a balanced diet is important. 7特殊结构：more than one+单数名词→单数；one and a half+复数名词→单 数 More than one teacher supports the proposal. 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.Neither the teacher nor the students satisfied with the result. A.is B.are C.was D.has been 2.The number of people invited fifty,but a number of them absent for different reasons. A.were;was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;were 3.Every boy and every girl to attend the ceremony. A.wish B.wishes C.are wishing D.have wished 4.The police_ searching for the missing child in the forest. A.is B.are C.has been D.was 5.More than one student made the same mistake in the exam A.has B.have C.having D.to have 6.The poet and writer going to give us a lecture next week. A.is B.are C.were D.have been 7.All that can be done been done. A.have B.has C.having D.are 8.What he likes and what he dislikes clear to everyone. A.are B.is C.was D.has been 9.A large amount of money spent on the new bridge. A.have B.has C.were D.have been 10.The rest of the water polluted,which is a serious problem. A.is B.are C.were D.have been (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1.The team (be)made up of twelve players,all of whom are very experienced. 2.Either you or your brother_ (be)responsible for the accident. 3.A great many houses (destroy)in the earthquake last year. 4.Three hours (be)enough for us to finish the work. 5.The number of wild animals_(become)smaller and smaller recently. 6.Not only the students but also their teacher _(enjoy)the film. 7.Fifty kilometers (be)quite a long distance for a beginner. 8.The old (need)more care and attention from the society. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式。 What we often see in modern cities 1. (be)that many people 2. _(go)to work by private cars.However,a large amount of traffic 3. (cause)serious air pollution.The number of private cars 4. (increase)rapidly in recent years.More than one expert 5. (point)out that it's time to take action. Not only the government but also the citizens 6._ (be)responsible for solving the problem.Either using public transport or riding a bike 7. (seem)to be a good choice.The police 8.(keep)an eye on the traffic situation every day.A number of new bus routes 9._(open)last month,which 10.(be)helpful. Now,every man and every woman 11. (realize)the importance of protecting the environment.What we need 12. (be)joint efforts to build a green city. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.B;2.C;3.B;4.B;5.A;6.A;7.B;8.A;9.B;10.A (二)用所 给词的适当 1.is;2.is;3.were destroyed;4.is;5.is becoming;6.enjoys;7.is; 8.need 形式填空 (三)篇章 1.is;2.go;3.causes;4.has increased;5.has pointed;6.are;7.seems; 语法填空 8.keep;9.were opened;10.are;11.realizes;12.is