Unit 4 Literature for Identity-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修三（冀教版）

Unit 4 Literature for Identity 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 ☆同步语法一：过去分词(v-ed)作补足语 ★同步语法二：非谓语动词综合(todo/doing/done) 语法精讲精练一 (一)基本定义 过去分词作补足语是高考非谓语动词的重要考点，通常用于宾语补足语或主语补足语中。它与 宾语或主语之间构成被动关系或完成状态，强调动作的承受者或结果状态。 宾语补足语：补充说明宾语的状态或动作，宾语是过去分词的逻辑承受者。 主语补足语：在被动语态中，补充说明主语的状态或动作，主语是过去分词的逻辑承受 者。 (二)核心用法与位置 过去分词作补足语时，其位置紧跟在宾语或主语之后，常见于以下几种句型。下表归纳了核心 结构： 句型结构 示例 说明 使役动词+宾语 I had my car have/get/.keep/leave等，表示“让某事被做” v-ed repaired. 感官动词+宾语 He found the window see/hear/find/feel/watch/notice等，表示“看 v-ed broken. 到/发现某物被.…” 意愿动词+宾语 I want the work want/need/like/expect等，表示“希望某事被完 v-ed finished by Friday. 成” with复合结构 With the problem with+宾语+v-ed,表示伴随状态 solved,we left. 被动语态中的主语 The door was found 补足语 主动变被动后，原宾补变为主补 locked. (三)核心含义区分 1.表被动 ②例句：She had her hair cut. ②例句：The report was considered well--written, 2.表完成状态 强调动作已经结束，宾语处于某种结果状态（常见于不及物动词的过去分词，如goe, vanished,fallen等，但这类词作补足语较少，仍以被动为主)。 例句：He found all his money gone. 注意：绝大多数情况下，过去分词作补足语表被动，这是高考核心考点。 (四)过去分词作补足语Vs现在分词作补足语（高考必考点） 过去分词（v-ed)与现在分词(v-ig)作补足语时，区别在于宾语与补足语之间的逻辑关系： 补足语形式 逻辑关系 例句 含义 宾语主动发出动作，或 I saw him crossing the 我看见他正在过马路 现在分词v-ing 动作正在进行 street. (他主动过) 宾语承受动作，或动作 I saw him arrested by 过去分词v-ed 我看见他被警察逮捕 已完成 the police. 了 (他被捕) 易错点： 感官动词后，如果宾语与补足语是主动关系且动作正在进行，用doig;如果是被动关 系，用done。 使役动词have后，have sth done(让别人做某事)与have sb do(让某人做某事)含 义不同，注意区分。 (五)高考高频考点总结（附例句） l.使役动词have/get/keep/leave+宾语+V-ed O例句：I must get my watch repaired. Q例句：Keep the door closed. 2.感官动词see/hear/find/notice/watch+宾语+V-ed ②例句：We noticed the lights turned off. ②例句：She felt herself lifted up. 3.want/need/like/expect+宾语+v-ed ②例句：The teacher wants the homework handed in tomorrow. ②例句：I need this letter typed immediately, 4.with复合结构：with+宾语+V-ed O例句：With all the work finished,he went home. 例句：She sat there with her eyes fixed on the screen. 5.被动语态中主语补足语 例句：He was seen taken away by the police, (主a动句：People saw him taken away by the police.) 例句：The window was found broken. 6.不规则动词过去分词拼写（常考：broken,written,spoken,caught,chosen,hidden 等) 例句：She had her hair cut. 例句：I heard the song sung by a child 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(6小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.Please keep me of any changes in the schedule. A.inform B.informing C.informed D.to inform 2.The manager had the problem as soon as possible A.solve B.solving C.solved D.to solve 3.When he woke up,he found himself in a strange room A.lock B.locking C.locked D.to lock 4.With the test the students felt relaxed. A.finish B.finishing C.finished D.to finish 5.She spoke so loudly that she made herself by everyone. A.hear B.hearing C.heard D.to hear 6.The missing boy was last seen near the river. A.play B.playing C.played D.to play (二)用所给词的适当形式填空（5小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的过去分词形式填空（必要时可加入其他助动词，但以过去分词 形式为主)。 1.I want these documents (type)before 5 pm. 2.They saw the thief (catch)by the police at last. 3.She kept her eyes_ (close)during the whole movie. 4.With the windows (break),the room was very cold. 5.He was found (injure)seriously in the accident. (三)句子改写与翻译(4小题) 按要求完成下列句子。 1.改写句子：People saw him enter the building.(改为过去分词作宾补的被动结构) He was seen the building. 2.改写句子：I will have someone repair my car.(用过去分词作宾补改写) I will have my car 3.翻译句子：老师要求所有的中在晚上锁好。 The teacher required all the doors at night. 4.翻译句子：听到这首被歌手唱过的歌，她流下了眼泪。 Hearing the song by the singer,she burst into tears. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.C;2.C;3.C4.C;5.C;6.B 选择 (二)用所 给词的适当 1.typed 2.caught 3.closed 4.broken 5.injured 形式填空 (三)句子 改写与翻译 1.to enter;2.repaired 3.to be locked 4.sung 章 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 非谓语动词是动词的非限定形式，在句中不能单独作谓语，但可充当其他句子成分。高中 阶段重点掌握三种形式： 形式 符号 核心含义 逻辑关系 目的、将来、一次具体动 不定式 to do 主动或被动（取决于语态） 作 现在分 词 doing 主动、进行、伴随 主动关系，动作与谓语同时或持续 过去分 被动关系或动作已完成（不及物动词仅表完 done 被动、完成、状态 词 成) 三者共同的语法功能：可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。高考重点考查 作定语、状语、宾语补足语时的区分。 (二)核心用法与位置（重点考点） 1.作定语（修饰名词/代词） 不定式(todo):表示将来的动作或目的性的功能。常后置，有被动形式(tobe done)。 例：The meeting to be held tomorrow is important.(明天要开的会议) 区分：a book to read(要读的书，将来/目的)vs a book read(已读过的书， 被动完成) 现在分词(doing):表示主动、进行或性质。单个词可前置，短语后置。 例：a developing country(发展中国家，主动进行)/The boy crying in the corner is my brother.(正在哭的男孩) 过去分词(done):表示被动、完成或状态。单个词前置，短语后置。 例：a broken window(被打碎的窗)/The letter written by Tom is on the desk.(汤姆写的信，被动完成) 女对比记忆： 例句 分词形式 修饰关系 a burning house doing 房子正着火（主动进行） a burnt house done 房子被烧过了（被动完成） a house to burn to do 准备烧的房子（将来目的，罕见） 2.作状语（修饰谓语动词/整句） 不定式(todo):表目的、结果、原因、条件等。常位于句首或句末。 例：To catch the train,he got up early..(目的)/He hurried only to find nobody there.(结果，意想不到) 现在分词(doing):表时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式等。逻辑主语是句子主语。 例：Hearing the news,she burst into tears.(时间，=when she heard)/ He sat there,reading a novel.(伴随) 过去分词(done):表时间、原因、条件、让步等，逻辑主语是动作承受者。 例：Given more time,I could do better..(条件，=ifl am given)/Deeply moved,he thanked her again and again.(原因) ⊙易混点：分词作状语时，注意逻辑主语一致。若不一致，需带自己的主语（独立主格结 构)。 3.作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语） 不定式(todo):用于ask/tell/want/expect/force等动词后，表示宾语将要做的 动作；感官动词(see/hear/watch)后用不定式不带to,强调全过程。 例：I asked him to help me.(请求他帮忙)/I saw him enter the room. (看见他进入，全过程) 现在分词(doing):用于感官动词和使役动词(keep/leave/find等)，强调宾语正 在进行的动作。 例：I saw him running across the street..(看见他正在跑)/He kept me waiting for an hour. 过去分词(done):用于感官动词、使役动词(have/get/make)及 want/wish/need等动词后，表示宾语是被动承受者。 例：I had my car repaired yesterday..(请人修车，被动)/He couldn't make himself understood in English. (三) 核心含义区分（高考必考点） 功能 to do doing done 作定语 将来/目的 主动/进行 被动/完成 作状语 目的/结果 主动/伴随 被动/条件 作宾补 宾语将要做 宾语正在做 宾语被做 (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.判断非谓语动作与谓语动词的时间关系 例：The bridge to be built next year will be modern.(将来)/The bridge being built now is in danger.()/The bridge built last year is strong.(已建成) 2.固定搭配与特殊结构 doing enjoy,finish,avoid,suggest,mind,practice,be busy,feel like to do want,decide,hope,promise,plan,refuse,manage 两者皆可但含义不同：remember to do(记得要做)/remember doing(记得 做过)；stop to do(停下来去做)/stop doing(停止做) 3独立主格结构（分词逻辑主语≠句子主语） 例：Weather permitting,we‖go hiking.(天气允许的话，独立主格) 4.with复合结构：with+宾语+doing/todo/done 例：with the lights on(表状态)/with the teacher standing there(主动进 行)/with the work finished(被动完成) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The man the desk is our new teacher. A.standing at B.stands at C.stood at D.to stand at 2.She offered the homeless children A.some warm clothes B.some clothes warm C.warm some clothes D.clothes warm some 3.The news made me A.surprising B.surprised C.surprise D.to surprise 4. is a fact that the earth moves around the sun. A.That B.This C.It D.What 5.The teacher told the students noise in class. A.not make B.not to make C.don't make D.to not make 6.There a number of books in the library. A.is B.are C.has D.have 7.The girl red is my sister. A.in B.on C.with D.of 8.I find the math problem A.difficulty B.difficult C.difficulty to solve D.to solve difficulty 9.The accident last night caused many deaths. A.happened B.happening C.to happen D.had happened 10.We must keep our classroom every day. A.cleaning B.cleaned C.to clean D.clean (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的正确非谓语形式填空。 1.It's no use (cry）over spilt milk. 2.The question (discuss)now is about the school rules. 3.The girl (dress)in red is my sister. 4.He was seen_(enter)the building at 8 p.m. 5.He feels like (take)a walk after supper. 6.The project(complete)by the end of next month is exciting. 1 (compare)with your idea,his plan is more practical. 8.She had her wallet (steal)on the bus yesterday. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式。 In order 1. (improve)my English,I decided 2. (take)a course last summer.I remember 3.(see)an advertisement online,4. (say)it was a great opportunity.After 5. (sign)up,I received a text message 6. (tell)me the time and place.The first day,I was asked 7. (arrive)early.I found the classroom 8. (decorate)with colorful posters.The teacher,9. (inspire)by the students' enthusiasm,started the lesson by 10 (play)a short video.I felt my English 11. (improve)day by day.Finally,I got a certificate 12. (present)by the school. 三、参考答案 (一)单项选择 1.B;2.B;3.A;4.B;5.B;6.A;7.A;8.B;9.A;10.C (仁)用所给词的适当形 1.crying 2.being discussed 3.dressed 4.to enter 式填空 5.taking 6.to be completed 7.Compared 8.stolen 1.to improve 2.to take 3.seeing 4.saying (三)篇章语法填空 5.signing 6.telling 7.to arrive 8.decorated; 9.inspired;10.playing 11.improving 12.presented