Unit 3 Be Active and Healthy!-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修二（冀教版）

Unit 3 Be Active and Healthy! 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：动词不定式 ☆同步语法二：其他情态动词表推测 语法精讲精练一 (一)基本定义 动词不定式(todo)是非谓语动词的一种，具有名词、形容词、副词三种词性功能。它可以 在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语，是高考语法填空、短文改错、写作中最重要 的非谓语考点之一。不定式通常保留动词的时态与语态变化（如to be done/to have done)。 (二)核心用法与句法功能 句法功能 位置与说明 例句 主语 谓语动词之前；常用t作形 To learn English well takes time.It 式主语 takes time to learn English well. 宾语 及物动词后（如want, She decided to study abroad. hope,decide,refuse) 被修饰名词后（常表“未发 定语 生"或“用途”) I have a lot of homework to do. 状语 句首或句末，表目的、结 果、原因 He got up early to catch the first bus. 宾补 宾语之后，补充说明宾语的 The teacher told us to finish the 动作 homework. (三)核心用法深度解析 1.不定式作主语 直接置于句首，谓语动词用单数。 更常见的是用t作形式主语，将真正主语不定式后置。 高考常考句型：It+be+adj.+(for/ofsb.)+to do sth @例句：It is important for students to read extensively. @例句：It is kind of you to help me,(ofsb.说明人的品质) 2.不定式作宾语 常见a动词：want,hope,wish,decide,refuse,agree,promise,manage,tend,fail, afford,pretend,learn,choose,plan,expect 注意：有些动词后接疑问词+todo作宾语（如know,tel,show,teach,learn, forget) ②例句：I don't know what to do O例句：She told me how to get there, 高考易混点：有些动词后接todo与doing意义不同（如remember,forget,.stop, try,regret) 3.不定式作定语 通常放在被修饰名词后面，表示未发生的动作或目的、用途。 被修饰名词常与不定式构成动宾关系，若动词为不及物动词，需加上合适的介词。 O例句：I need a pen to write with.(write with a pen). O例句：He is the first person to arrive.(被序数词修饰) 高考高频点：不定式作定语常替换定语从句（如the first person who arrives) 4.不定式作状语 目的状语最常用，可置于句首或句末，也可用in order to/so as to强调 结果状语：常与only,never连用，表示意想不到的结果 例句：He hurried to the station,.only to find the train had left. 原因状语：多用于表示情感的形容词后（如happy,sad,surprised,glad) O例句：I am sorry to hear the bad news. 5.不定式作宾语补足语 常见a动词：ask,tell,order,allow,permit,forbid,force,.warn,encourage,invite, expect,want,wish,advise,persuade,enable,cause,remind 注意：感官动词(see,watch,.hear,feel,notice)和使役动词(make,let,have)后作 宾补的不定式要省略to ⑧例句：I saw him cross the street..(省路to) O例句：She made me cry.(省略to) 被动语态中，to要恢复： 例句：He was seen to cross the street, (四)不定式的时态与语态（高考必备） 时态 主动形式 被动形式 含义 一般式 to do to be done 动作与谓语同时或之后发生 完成式 to have done to have been done 动作发生在谓语之前 进行式 to be doing 无 动作与谓语同时进行 (五)不定式Vs动名词Vs现在分词（高考易混点） 比较维度 不定式 动名词 现在分词 主、宾、定、状、宾补 定、状、宾 句法功能 主、宾、表、定 补 作定语含义 未发生/用途/目的 用途/性质（无时间性） 主动进行 常用搭配 enjoy doing,avoid decide to do,want to do see...doing doing 经典对比 I stopped to smoke(停下. |stopped smoking(戒 去抽烟) 烟) (六)高考高频考点总结 1.形式主语t的句型 例句：Itis+adj.+(for/of sb.)+to do sth 2.不定式作宾语时，疑问词+todo的固定搭配 例句：I don't know what to do/how to do it. 3.不定式作定语时，与被修饰名词构成动宾关系，及不及物动词+介词 例句：a room to live in/a partner to work with 4.不定式作结果状语与only连用 例句：He ran all the way,only to find the store closed. 5.感官动词和使役动词后不定式省略t0,被动语态要还原 例句：|saw him leave.→He was seen to leave. 6.不定式的完成式表示动作发生在谓语之前 例句：She is reported to have survived the accident. 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.It is essential for a high school student a balance between study and rest. A.keep B.to keep C.keeping D.kept 2.The manager promised the problem as soon as possible A.solve B.solving C.to solve D.to be solved 3.I didn't know to the airport;luckily,a friend offered to give me a ride. A.how to get B.to get how C.what to get D.get how 4.The only thing she could think of at that moment was away from the danger. A.run B.running C.to run D.ran 5.He hurried to the classroom,only that the exam had already started. A.finding B.found C.to find D.having found 6.We are not allowed in the library. A.to speak loudly B.speaking loudly C.speak loudly D.to speaking loudly 7.The first person the finish line will win a medal. A.reaching B.reached C.to reach D.to have reached 8.She was made the whole text again by the strict teacher. A.reciting B.to recite C.recite D.recited 9.I feel it an honor_ to speak at the graduation ceremony. A.inviting B.to invite C.to be invited D.having invited 10.The new airport is said in three years. A.to complete B.to be completed C.completing D.completed (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的适当形式（不定式、动名词或分词）填空。 1.The boy was too frightened (move)an inch. 2.I have no choice but (accept)the challenge 3.It is foolish of you (not,listen)to your parents'advice 4.The teacher asked us (hand)in the homework on time. 5.She pretended not(see)me when I waved at her 6.The old man is said (travel)to more than 30 countries. 7.I would rather (stay)at home than go out in such terrible weather. 8.They are looking for a house (live)in with a big garden. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式（可能需用不定式或其他非谓语形 式)。 Last summer,I had a chance (1.visit)the famous Forbidden City.It was an experience (2.remember)for a whole lifetime.The first thing I decided (3.do)was (4.hire)a guide (5.explain)the history in detail.The guide, (6.call)Mr.Wang,was very knowledgeable.He told us many stories (7.make)the tour more interesting. One of the highlights was the Hall of Supreme Harmony,which is considered (8.be)the most important building in the palace.I was amazed (9.learn)that it took over 14 years (10.build)the entire complex.Our guide reminded us (11.not,touch)any of the ancient artifacts.At the end of the day,i felt it a great pleasure (12.have)such a wonderful tour. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.B;2.C;3.A;4.C;5.C;6.A;7.C;8.B;9.C;10.B (二)用所 给词的适当 1.to move 2.to accept 3.not to listen 4.to hand 5.to have seenj 形式填空 6.to have travelled 7.stay 8.to live (三)篇章 1.to visit 2.to remember 3.to do 4.to hire 5.to explain 6.called 语法填空 7.to make 8.to be 9.to learn 10.to build 11.not to touch 12.to have 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 情态动词表推测是指借助情态动词表达说话人对某一动作或状态发生的可能性所做出的推 断，是高考英语语法填空、完形填空及写作中的高频考点。本讲聚焦除ust外其他常 见情态动词(can,could,may,might,should,.ought to)在表推测时的用法及语气强 弱区别。 (二) 核心用法对比（对现在/将来的推测） 情态动词 语气强度 含义 典型例句 最强（几乎肯 must 一定、必定（肯定推测） He must be at home 定) 强（理论可能 可能（多用于疑问句或 can Can it be true? 性) 否定句) 较强（不太确 可能、也许（比can更 She could be in the could 定) 委婉) library. 中等（可能） 可能、也许 (肯定句常 may They may arrive late. 用) 较弱（可能性 可能、或许（语气最弱） It might rain might 小) tomorrow. should/ought 较强（按理应 按理应该、想必（表合 He should be home by to 该) 理推断) now. ★核心区分： 否定推测：只用can't/couldn't(不可能)，不用may not/might not(可表示 “可能不”，语气弱，但不是否定推测的典型用法)。 例：It can't be her..She's gone abroad. 例：He may not know the truth.(他可能不知道，非否定推测) 疑问推测：常用can/could(可能吗？)，一般不用may/might开头提问。 例：Could he be lying? (三)对过去的推测（高考核心考点） 结构：情态动词+have done 情态动词结构 含义 例句 must have done 过去一定做了某事（肯定） He must have finished his work. can't couldn't 过去不可能做了某事 (否 have done 定) She can't have seen us. may might have 过去可能做了某事 (可能性 They may have missed the done 中等或弱) train. 过去可能做某事（也可表本 He could have helped us. could have done 可以做但未做) 可以帮但没帮) should ought to 过去本应该做（却未做，含 You should have called me. have done 责备或遗憾) needn't have done 过去本不必做（却做了） We needn't have hurried. ★易错点： must have done的否定形式不是mustn't have done(mustn't表禁止)，而是 can't /couldn't have done. could have done有时不表推测，而表“本能够做但实际没做”，需根据语境判断。 (四)情态动词表推测Vs情态动词表其他功能 功能 典型结构 例子 表推测 must can/may do/have done He must be tired. 表能力 can could do He can swim. 表允许 may/can do You may leave now. 表义务 must should ought to do You must obey the rules ★判断依据：语境中是否有“推断、推测"的含义，及是否出现时间状语（如ow, yesterday,last night等)暗示时态o (五)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.否定推测只用can't/couldn't 例句：It can't be John.He is in Beijing now. 2.对过去推测的“情态动词+have done”结构 例句：The road is wet.It must have rained last night.. 3.may/might表推测时，时间状语决定时态 例句：He may be sleeping now.(现在) 例句：He may have slept already.(过去) 4.should/ought to表“按理应该"的推测 例句：If he started at8,he should be here by now. 5.could表委婉推测或过去可能性 例句：She could be our new teacher..(委婉) 例句：He could have solved the problem if he had tried.(虚拟，非推测) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The road is wet.It have rained last night A.must B.can C.should D.might 2.Look at his pale face.He have been ill for a long time. A.may B.must C.could D.should 3.-Where is Tom? -I'm not sure.He be in the library. A.must B.can C.might D.shall 4.You have told me earlier.I waited for you for hours. A.must B.should C.can't D.needn't 5.The phone rang but I didn't answer it.It be Mary,but she usually calls at night. A.must B.can't C.could D.should 6.He have finished the work so quickly;he was very tired. A.must B.can't C.may D.should 7.They have arrived by now;let's call them. A.could B.shouldn't C.must D.may not 8.-I saw Jim in the street just now. 一t be him.He is still in London. A.mustn't B.can't C.shouldn't D.may not 9.The exam is very easy.You have been worried. A.must B.shouldn't C.needn't D.can't 10.She be over fifty.She looks so young. A.can't B.mustn't C.may not D.shouldn't (二)用所给情态动词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据语境，用括号内情态动词的正确形式（含have done结构）填空。情态动词可能需 变化时态。 1.He is very late.He (may)missed the bus. 2.The windows are all closed.It (can)be windy outside 3.You look tired.You (should)gone to bed earlier last night. 4.She (must)be joking.Nobody would do such a thing. 5.l (could)have helped you,but you didn't ask me. 6.They (might)have left already;their bags are gone. 7.You (needn't)have brought so much food.There is plenty at the party. 8.He (ought to)be here by 8 o'clock.It's already 8:10. (三)篇章语法填空（12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的情态动词（包括肯定、否定及完成式），每空一词。 注意时态和语气。 Last night,there was a loud noise from the neighbor's house.It 1. have been a party,because I heard music and laughter.But it 2. (not)be a birthday party,since there was no cake.The noise 3. have lasted for two hours.This morning,I saw the neighbors cleaning up. They 4. feel very tired now.One of them said,"We 5. have started cleaning earlier.Now we have so much work."Another replied, "We 6. have invited more people.That 7._ made the party more fun."I think they 8. have had a good time anyway.The party 9. have been a success,judging by the laughter.However, they 10. (not)have made so much noise.The police 11. have been called if anyone complained.Fortunately,no one did.I 12. have told them to be quiet,but I didn't want to be rude. 三、参考答案 (一）单项选择 1.A;2.B;3.C;4.B;5.C;6.B;7.C;8.B;9.C;10.A (二)用所给情态动词的 1.may have 2.can't 3.should have 4.must 适当形式填空 5.could 6.might have 7.needn't 8.ought to 1.must 2.can't couldn't 3.must 4.must 5.should (三)篇章语法填空 6.should could 7.would might 8.must 9.must 10.shouldn't 11.might could 12.could should