Unit 1 Family-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修二（冀教版）

Unit 1 Family 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：限定性定语从句综合 ☆同步语法二：非谓语动词 语法精讲精练 (一)基本定义 限定性定语从句(Restrictive Attributive Clause)在复合句中充当定语，修饰先行词（名词/ 代词)，对先行词起到限定、明确的作用。去掉该从句后，主句语义不完整或不明确。它是高考 语法填空、短文改错、完形填空及写作中的高频考点。 (二)核心用法与关系词选择 先行词类型 关系词 在从句中的作用 示例 主语、宾语（作宾语 The girl who/that won the prize is who that 时可省略) my sister. 宾语（正式文体用 The man whom/that we met whom that whom) yesterday is a professor. 主语、宾语（作宾语 The book which/that I borrowed 物/事 which that 时可省略) is interesting. 时间 when/介词 时间状语 I'll never forget the day when we +which first met. where/介词 This is the school where I studied 地点 地点状语 +which for three years why for 原因 原因状语 Can you tell me the reason why which he was late? whose(人/物 定语（表“.…的"） The house whose roof is red 所有关系 均可) belongs to Mr.Li. (三)核心注意事项（高考必考点） l.只能用that的情况（不用which/who) 先行词被序数词、最高级修饰时：the first book that I read 先行词为不定代词(al,everything,nothing,Iite,much等)：All that glitters is not gold. 先行词被the very,,the only,the same修饰：the only car that survived 先行词既有人又有物：The people and things that she mentioned 关系代词在从句中作表语：He is not the man that he used to be. 2.不能用that的情况（必须用which/whom) 非限定性定语从句：The book,which was written in 1900,is still popular, 关系词前有介词：The pen with which I wrote was lost. 先行词为人且关系词后紧跟介词：The person to whom you should talk is Mr. Wang 3.关系副词与“介词+关系代词"的转换 when in/on/at which 例：the day when/on which where in/at/on which:the school where in which why for which 例：the reason why/for which 高考常考：先行词为抽象地点名词如situation,point,stage,case时，常用 where或in which 4.as引导的限定性定语从句（常与such,the same,as呼应） such...as I have never seen such a beautiful city as Beijing the same..as:This is the same pen as|lost yesterday.(同类事物) the same.that:This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.(同一事物) 注意区分：as在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语 (四)限定性Vs非限定性定语从句（对比表） 比较项目 限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句 语义作用 限定先行词，去掉后句意不完整 补充说明，去掉后句意仍完整 书写 无逗号隔开 用逗号与主句隔开 可用that who which/when 不用that,必须用who/which/ 关系词 /where等 when/where等 修饰对象 只能修饰前面的先行词 可修饰整个主句 示例 The students who are lazy The students,who are lazy,fail fail the exam. the exam. (五)高频考点总结（附例句） 1.关系词的选择取决于先行词在从句中的成分 g例：The factory where my father works is far away.(从句中works为不及物 动词，缺地点状语) g例：The factory which my father works in is far away..(从句中works in缺宾 语) 2.介词提前时的关系词只能用whom/which The professor to whom I sent the email replied quickly. 3.只能用that的固定场景（见上文） 4.the way作先行词：关系词常用that/in which或省略 O例：ldon't like the way that/in which/he talks. 5.当先行词被修饰、先行词含有all,every,,no等限定词时，常用that ②例：There is no reason that should stop us. 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The teacher_ we learn a lot is very strict with us. A.from whom B.from that C.which D.who 2.Is this the museum you visited last summer? A.where B.which C.in which D.the one 3.All can be done has been done. A.what B.that C.which D.whatever 4.The reason he didn't attend the meeting is unknown. A.why B.that C.which D.for that 5.This is the most interesting book I have ever read. A.which B.that C.what D.of which 6.He is the only one of the students passed the exam. A.who have B.who has C.that have D.that have been 7.I'll never forget the days we spent together in the countryside. A.when B.on which C.which D.during which 8.There is no such thing a free lunch. A.as B.that C.which D.what 9.The factory, workers are all from the countryside,was built in 2000 A.which B.whose C.in which D.where 10.ls that the reason you were absent? A.that B.which C.why D.all of the above (二)用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，填入who/whom/which/that/when/where/why/whose/ as等（可省略处填“0"）。 1.The woman _is standing over there is our new headmaster 2.The photos _you took in the park are very beautiful. 3.I still remember the time we went to the Great Wall. 4.He told me the reason he didn't come to school yesterday. 5.The company name is unknown went bankrupt. 6.This is the very book I have been looking for. 7.The house windows face south is my uncle's 8.Such people you describe are rare nowadays (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词（关系代词/副词或"介词+which/whom"结构)。 Last summer,I visited a small village 1.is located at the foot of a mountain.It is a place 2.people live a peaceful life.The old man 3. I stayed with was over 80 years old.He told me many stories 4.I had never heard before.One day,he showed me a photo 5. the people in it were his family members from the 1950s.I was especially impressed by the day 6 we climbed the mountain together.The path 7. we walked was very narrow,but the view at the top was amazing.He also explained the reason 8. he chose to stay in the village instead of moving to the city.For me,this is the most unforgettable experience 9.I have ever had.On the last day, we visited a temple 10. the walls were covered with ancient paintings.The guide 11 showed us around was a young girl.I took many photos,all of 12 remind me of that wonderful trip 三、参考答案 (一）单项选择 1.A;2.B;3.B;4.A;5.B;6.B;7.C;8.A;9.B;10.D(注： that/which/why均可，但最常用why;本题选D表示三者皆可) (二)用适当的关 1.who that 2.(that which /)3.when 4.why for which 系代词或关系副词 5.whose;6.that/☑；7.whose;8.as 填空 1.that/which;2.where;3.whom/who/that(作宾语，可省略)； (三) 篇章语法填 4.that/which(可省略)；5.where;6.when;7.on which/along 空 which/where;8.why for which;9.that(最高级修饰先行词)； 10.whose;11.who/that;12.which(非限定性，指代照片) 章 语法精讲精练二 (一)非谓语动词概述 非谓语动词包括不定式(todo)、动名词(doing)和分词（现在分词doing/过去 分词done)。它们不能单独作谓语，但可作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等，是高中 英语语法填空、短文改错、完形填空中的高频考点。 形式 基本含义 常见句法功能 时态/语态变化 不定式to 目的、将 主语、宾语、定 -般式todo/进行式to be doing/完成 do 来、未完成 语、状语、补语 式to have done/被动式to be done 习惯、抽 动名词 主语、宾语、表 一般式doing/完成式having done/被 doing 象、一般动 作 语、定语 动式being done 现在分词 定语、状语、补 一般式doing/完成式having done/被 主动、进行 doing 语、表语 动式being done 过去分词 定语、状语、补 被动、完成 只有一般式（无时态变化） done 语、表语 (二)核心用法与位置 1.不定式(todo) 作主语：常用t作形式主语，真正主语后置。 To learn English well takes time.It takes time to learn English well. 作宾语：常接在want,decide,hope,expect,refuse等动词后。 She decided to leave early. 作定语：表示将要发生的动作，常与first,last,next或序数词、最高级连用。 He is the first student to arrive. 作状语：表目的、结果、原因。 He turned around to see who was calling.(目的) ★考点提示：不定式作结果状语常见于only to do结构（意料之外的结果）。 2.动名词(doing) 作主语：表示抽象、习惯性动作。 Reading in bed is bad for your eyes. 作宾语：常接在enjoy,avoid,finish,suggest,.imagine等动词后；也接在介词 后。 He avoided making the same mistake. 作定语：表示用途或功能，常放在名词前。 a swimming pool(游泳池，表示用途) 3.现在分词(doing)与过去分词(done)作定语、状语 作定语： 现在分词：表示主动/进行，与被修饰名词是主谓关系。 a sleeping baby(一个正在睡觉的婴儿) 过去分词：表示被动/完成，与被修饰名词是动宾关系。 a broken window(一扇被打破的窗户) 作状语： 现在分词：表示主动伴随、时间、原因、条件等。 Hearing the news,he cried.(听到消息时，他哭了，主动) 过去分词：表示被动或状态。 Given more time,I could do better..(如果被给予更多时间..被动) ★易错点：不及物动词的过去分词只表完成，不表被动，如fallen leaves(落叶)、 retired worker(退休工人)。 (三)核心含义区分（高考必考） 对比维度 不定式 动名词 现在分词 过去分词 动作时间 将来、未发生 一般、抽象 正在进行 已完成或被动 常表目的、结 逻辑关系 表习惯、用 果 途 主动、进行 被动、完成 作定语时含 "将要被…。 “用于… "正在的” "已被.的” 义 的” 的” 作状语时含 时间、原因、方式 时间、原因、条件 义 目的、结果 极少作状语 等 等 对比例句： a letter to write（一封要写的信，不定式，将来) a writing desk(一张写字桌，动名词，用途) a falling leaf(一片正在飘落的叶子，现在分词，进行) a fallen leaf(一片已落下的叶子，过去分词，完成) (四)高考高频考点总结 1非谓语动词作宾语时不定式与动名词的选择（重点动词搭配） 只能接doing:enjoy,finish,avoid,suggest,mind,consider,,practice, prevent 只能接todo:want,decide,hope,wish,plan,refuse,manage,pretend 两种皆可但意义不同：remember/forget/stop/try+todo(朱做)vs.+ doing(已做) 2.分词作定语时主动/被动判断 区分the boy crying(正在哭的男孩，主动)与the boy called Tom(名叫Tom 的男孩，被动) 3.分词作状语时逻辑主语与句子主语一致 例：Seen from the top,the city looks beautiful.(看到的是the city,被动) 例：Seeing from the top,we found the city beautiful..(看到的是we, 主动) 4.独立主格结构与there be句式的非谓语形式 例：Weather permitting,we will go hiking.(weather与permit主动，独立 主格) 例：There being no bus,we had to walk.(there be动名词的独立主格) 5.不规则动词过去分词拼写 常考：write→written,.see→seen,break→broken,take→taken,.speak→ spoken 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.I regret_ you that your application has been refused. A.to tell B.telling C.told D.having told 2.The movie made all the audience feel bored. A.boring B.bored C.bore D.being bored 3.He avoided any attention by wearing a mask. A.drawing B.to draw C.drawn D.being drawn 4.The question at the meeting tomorrow is very important. A.discussing B.discussed C.to be discussed D.being discussed 5.The children in the park are my neighbors. A.playing B.played C.to play D.having played 6.She pretended me when I passed by. A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not seen 7. from the hill,the village looks like a small toy. A.Seeing B.Seen C.To see D.Having seen 8.He forgot the letter,so he went back home. A.posting B.to post C.posted D.having posted 9.There is no use over spilt milk. A.crying B.to cry C.cried D.cry 10.The bridge last year is still in good condition. A.building B.built C.to build D.being built (仁二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的恰当非谓语形式填空。 1.The (fall)leaves covered the ground. 2.She is considering_(study)abroad next year. 3.The man (stand)at the gate is my uncle. 4.I can't help (laugh)when I watch that comedy. 5.The (break)glass should be thrown away carefully. 6.They had nothing_(do)but wait. 7. (give)more attention,the flowers could have grown better. 8.It is no good_(argue)with him. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确非谓语形式。 Last summer,I went on a trip 1. (explore)the ancient city.The weather was hot,so we often stopped 2. (drink)water.A group of students 3. __(paint)by the lake caught our attention.They were all 4. (absorb)in their work. We saw a sign 5. .(say)"No Swimming"near the water,but nobody seemed 6. (care).An old man 7. (sit)on a bench was telling stories to some children 8.(gather)around him.The stories 9. (tell)by him were full of wisdom. We felt lucky 10. (have)such a wonderful experience.On our way back,we noticed a dog 11._ (lie)under a tree,12. (look)very tired. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.A;2.A;3.A;4.C;5.A;6.A;7.B;8.B;9.A;10.B (二)用所 给词的适当 1.fallen 2.studying 3.standing 4.laughing 5.broken 6.to do 7.Given 8.arguing 形式填空 (三)篇章 1.to explore 2.to drink 3.painting 4.absorbed 5.saying 6.to 语法填空 care 7.sitting ;8.gathered 9.told 10.to have 11.lying; 12.looking