Unit 5 Save the Planet-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修二（冀教版）

Unit 5 Save the Planet 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：v-ing形式作状语 ★同步语法二：虚拟语气 语法精讲精练 ()基本定义 v-ig形式（即现在分词）作状语时，用来修饰主句的动词，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、 结果、伴随或方式等。其逻辑主语通常与主句主语一致，且与主句主语之间为主动关系（即主 语是v-ing动作的执行者)。v-ing形式作状语是高考语法填空、短文改错及写作中的高频考 点。 (二)核心用法与位置 用法类别 意义说明 位置特点 例句 表示动作发生的时 Hearing the news,she burst into 可置于句首或 时间状语 间，常可转换为时 句末 tears.(When she heard the 间状语从句 news...) 表示主句动作发生 Being ill,he didn't go to school.( 原因状语 的原因，常可转换 多置于句首 为原因状语从句 Because he was ill...) 表示主句动作发生 条件状语 的条件，常可转换 多置于句首 Working hard,you will succeed.( If you work hard.…) 为条件状语从句 表示主句动作发生 Knowing all this,he still went 让步状语 的让步关系，常可 多置于句首 ahead.(Although he knew all 与although/ this...) though转换 表示主句动作带来 结果状语 的自然结果，常置 The bus was held up by snow, 多置于句末 于句末，前面可加 causing a delay.(=...which caused a delay) thus thereby 表示与主句动作同 伴随仿式状 时发生的伴随动作 多置于句末， He sat there,reading a book. 语 或方式，无法直接 也可见于句首 Smiling,she entered the room. 转换为从句 ★考点提示：高考中常考查ving形式与过去分词(ved)作状语的区别，核心在于判断逻辑 主语与动作之间的主动/被动关系。逻辑主语主动发出动作→V-ig;逻辑主语承受动作→ ed. (三)核心规则与易错点 1.逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致 ⑦例句：Walking along the street,.I met an old friend,(walk的主语是) 错误：Walking along the street,the car hit a tree.(walk的主语不是car,属 于垂悬分词，高考常设为改错考点) 2.时态与语态变化 一般式：v-ig(主动，与主句动作同时或基本同时发生) 例句：Finding no one at home,he left, 完成式：having+v-ed(主动，且动作发生在主句动作之前) O例句：Having finished his homework,he went out to play. 被动式：being+V-ed(被动，且动作与主句动作同时发生) O例句：Being surrounded by the enemy,.the soldiers fought bravely. 完成被动式：having been+v-ed(被动，且动作发生在主句动作之前) O例句：Having been told many times,.he still made the same mistake. 3.否定形式 在v-ing前加not g例句：Not knowing what to do,she called the police, 4.独立主格结构（高考难点）：当v-ing的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致时，v-ing前必须带自己 的逻辑主语（名词或代词主格），构成独立主格结构 O例句：The weather being fine,we went for a picnic.(weather是being fine 的逻辑主语) (四)v-ing作状语vs过去分词作状语（高考必考点） 对比项目 v-ing(现在分词) v-ed(过去分词) 逻辑关系 主动关系（主语发出动作） 被动关系（主语承受动作） 时间特征 通常表示进行或伴随 通常表示完成或被动 Seeing the teacher,the 例句 Seen from the hill,the city students stood up.(学生主动 looks beautiful..(城市被看见) 看见老师) 不可混淆被动含义。若主语承受动 易错警示 若主语发出动作，不可用v-ed 作，须用v-ed (五)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.判断主动/被动，选择正确的分词形式 Q例句： (face)with so many problems,the manager felt anxious →faced(be faced with为固定短语，表"面临”，主语承受动作，用v-ed) 2.完成式与一般式的区分 。例句： (finish)his work,he went to bed. →Having finished(动作先于主句，用完成式) 3.伴随状语与结果状语的区别 例句：The boy ran to his mother,, (cy).(伴随状语，用crying) 对比：He dropped a cup, (break)it into pieces.(结果状语，用 breaking）. 4.独立主格结构的识别与使用 例句：All the homework (do),she went to sleep →done(homework与do为被动关系，且逻辑主语是all the homework,独立主格 结构) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. from the top of the mountain,the village looks like a small boat A.Seeing B.Seen C.To see D.Having seen 2.The old man sat under the tree, to the radio. A.listened B.listening C.to listen D.having listened 3. the letter,he felt a sense of relief. A.Written B.Writing C.Having written D.Being written 4. in a hurry,the article had many spelling mistakes. A.Writing B.Written C.To write D.Having been written 5.Not the way to his home,I had to ask a policeman for help. A.known B.knowing C.to know D.having known 6.The teacher entered the classroom, by a group of students A.following B.followed C.to follow D.having followed 7.enough time,we could have finished the task on time. A.Given B.Giving C.To give D.Having given 8.The storm lasted a whole night, great damage to the crops. A.caused B.causing C.to cause D.having caused 9. his homework,the boy was allowed to play video games. A.Finished B.Finishing C.Having finished D.To finish 10. by the beauty of the sunset,she stopped to take a picture A.Attracting B.Attracted C.To attract D.Having attracted (二)用所给词的正确形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的适当形式填空（注意主动/被动、时态）。 1. (realize)that he was wrong,he apologized at once. 2.The girl sat in the corner,(cry)silently. 3. (trap)in the cave for three days,the miners were finally rescued. 4. (hear)the news,they all jumped with joy. 5.Not (receive)a reply,he decided to write again. 6.The experiment_(perform)carefully,the results turned out to be accurate 7. (expose)to the sun for too long,the color of the cloth faded. 8. (finish)all the work,they took a well-deserved rest. (三)篇章语法填空（12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式。 Last summer,our class went on a field trip to a national forest.1. (arrive) at the entrance,we were amazed by the dense trees.2. (guide)by a local ranger,we walked along a winding path.3.(follow)him closely,we tried not to get lost.4.(stop)for a rest,the ranger told us about the history of the forest.5. (listen)carefully,we learned a lot about the local wildlife. 6. (attract)by a strange sound,I turned around but saw nothing. Suddenly,a deer appeared,7. (stand)still in the middle of the path. (freeze)with excitement,no one dared to move.After a few seconds, the deer disappeared into the trees,9._(leave)us all in awe. 10. (spend)the whole day in the forest,we went back to the camp site, tired but happy.11. (prepare)for the night,we set up the tents and lit a campfire.12. (warm)by the fire,we sang songs and shared stories until late. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.B;3.C;4.B;5.B;6.B;7.A;8.B;9.C;10.B 选择 (二)用所 1.Realizing Having realized 2.crying 3.Having been trapped/ 给词的正确 Trapped 4.Hearing /Having heard 5.having received 6.performed 形式填空 7.Exposed 8.Having finished (三)篇章 1.Arriving 2.Guided 3.Following 4.Stopping 5.Listening 语法填空 6.Attracted 7.standing 8.Frozen 9.leaving 10.Having spent 11.Preparing 12.Warmed 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 虚拟语气是一种特殊的谓语动词形式，用于表达与事实相反的假设、愿望、建议、要求、 命今等含义。它不是客观陈述事实，而是表达说话人的主观态度或虚构情景。虚拟语气是 高考英语语法填空、短文改错、完形填空和写作的高频考点。 (二)核心用法分类与动词形式 虚拟语气在不同语境中动词形式不同，下表总结了高中阶段最常见的六类用法： 用法类 典型引导词/结构 从句动词形式（核心考点） 例句 别 ①与现 从句：一般过去时 If I had enough if条件句(be动词用 在事实 (did/were)主句： money,I would 相反 were) would/could/might do buy a car. If you had taken 从句：过去完成时(had ②与过 done)主句： my advice,you 去事实 f条件句 would not have would/could/might 相反 made that have done mistake. 从句：一般过去时或 ③与将 If it rained if条件句（或should/,were should do或were to do tomorrow,we 来事实 to) 主句：would/could/might would cancel 相反 do the picnic. suggest,advise,order, ④名词 insist(坚持要求) 性从句 He suggested demand,request, should+do(should可 that we (should) 中的虚 recommend,propose等 省略) 拟 表示建议、命命、要求的动 start earlier. 词后的宾语从句 ⑤ I wish I were a 与现在相反：一般过去时 wish bird.(现在)If (were/did)与过去相反： if only wish/if only(但愿) only I had had done与将来相反： 引导的 known the truth! would/could do 虚拟 (过去) It is high time It is time that did ⑥其他 It is (high)time that.../ that we took should do would rather 固定结 would rather that...as action.He talks that did had done as if 构 if as though as if he knew did had done everything. 三) 核心用法详解与易错点 1.f条件句的虚拟（三大时间倒推) ★记忆口诀：退一步时态一一现在退到过去，过去退到过去完成，将来退到过去或 should/were to。 易错点：if省略时需将were/had/should提前，构成倒装。例如： Were I you (If I were you),I would accept the offer. Had he come earlier (If he had come earlier),we would have caught the train 2.名词性从句中的虚拟(should+do) 适用范围：suggest(建议)，order,,require,propose,demand,request,,insist (坚持要求)，recommend,command等动词后的宾语从句；以及相应的名词 (suggestion,order,proposal等)后的表语从句、同位语从句。 ★注意：当suggest意为"暗示"，insist意为“坚持说（事实）"时，从句不用虚拟 (用陈述语气)。 对比：He suggested that we should set off early.(建议→虚拟) 对比：His expression suggested that he was angry.(暗示→陈述) 3.wish/if only的虚拟 与现在相反：were/did(如：I wish I were ten years younger.) 与过去相反：had done(如：I wish I had studied harder..) 与将来相反：would do(表示对将来不现实的愿望，如：I wish it would stop raining.) 4.含蓄虚拟语气 不使用f从句，而是通过介词短语（如without,but for)、连词（如otherwise, or,but)或上下文暗示虚拟条件。 例句： Without your help,I couldn't have finished the work.(=If it hadn't been for your help...) He was busy;otherwise he would have come to the party. 5.其他重点结构 Itis(high/about)time that..:从句用一般过去时或should do,其中 should不省略，但更常见用过去时。 would rather that..:与现在/将来相反用一般过去时；与过去相反用过去完成 时。 I would rather you told me the truth now. I would rather you had told me the truth yesterday. asif/as though:如果从句内容与事实相反，用虚拟（时态退后）；如果可能性 大，也可用陈述语气。 He looks as if he were a king.(事实不是→虚拟) It looks as if it is going to rain.(很可能→陈述) (四)高考高频考点总结 考点 关键判断点 易错警示 忽视be动词用were ①f从句的时态倒退 主从句时间是否与事实相反 (不论主语人称) ②suggest/.insist的虚拟 根据句子含义判断是“建议/要求”还 误将“暗示”当作虚拟 与陈述辨别 是“暗示/坚持说” 见到Were/Had/Should在句首， 主句动词形式要与假设 ③省略f的倒装 判断为虚拟倒装 致 ④名词性从句虚拟中 从句谓语用do 错误使用第三人称单数或 should的省略 原形（无时态变化） 过去时 ⑤would rather后从句 根据动作发生时间选择did或had 混淆now与yesterday 的时态 done 的时间参照 ⑥含蓄虚拟中的介词信号 without,but for,otherwise,or 主句用would have 词 等 done表过去虚拟 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.If1 you,I would accept the offer without hesitation. A.am B.were C.had been D.was 2.He suggested that the plan discussed at the meeting the next day. A.is B.be C.was D.would be 3.Without the teacher's encouragement,I so much progress in English. A.didn't make B.wouldn't make C.hadn't made D.wouldn't have made 4.It is high time that we measures to protect the environment. A.take B.took C.will take D.had taken 5.1 wish I the truth earlier,but I was too careless. A.realized B.have realized C.had realized D.would realize 6.If it tomorrow,the sports meeting would be put off. A.rained B.should rain C.had rained D.both A and B 7.The doctor insisted that the patient in hospital for another week. A.stays B.stayed C.stay D.would stay 8.I would rather you me about the matter yesterday. A.told B.had told C.would tell D.tell 9. your timely help,we would have been in great trouble. A.But for B.Without C.Thanks to D.both A and B 10.He looks as if he nothing about the accident,but we know he does. A.knew B.knows C.had known D.has known (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的适当形式填空（注意虚拟语气形式）。 1.f1 (have)more time last night,I would have finished the report. 2.It is suggested that every student (read)the book before the exam. 3.I wish I (be)as clever as you when I was young. 4.Had he followed the doctor's advice,he(recover)already. 5.She would rather her son_(study)law instead of art now. 6.But for the heavy rain,we (arrive)on time yesterday. 7.It is strange that he(say)such a thing to his mother. 8.If only I (listen)to my parents'advice when I was a teenager! (三)篇章语法填空(10小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式（注意虚拟语气与其他语态的混 合) Last summer,our school 1. (organize)a volunteer activity.We 2. (go)to a small village and helped the local people.The villagers 3. (welcome)us warmly.They 4.(give)us some fresh vegetables and fruits.One old man 5.(call)Uncle Li taught us how 6.(grow)rice.He 7. (make)us 8.(try)farming by ourselves.It 9. (be)really tough but enjoyable.We also 10. (find)many children 11.___ (play)by the river.To ensure their safety,we 12. (warn)them not to go near the water. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.B;3.D;4.B;5.C;6.D;7.C;8.B;9.D;10.A 选择 （二)用所 1.hadhad 2.(should)read 3.had been 4.would have 给词的适当 recovered 5.studied 6.would have arrived 7.(should)say;8. 形式填空 had listened (三)篇章 1.were 2.had prepared 3.would not have failed 4.(should) 语法填空 take 5.studied had studied 6.changed 7.were 8.would not have made 9.would have been 10.had pushed