Unit 4 Waves of Technology-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修二（冀教版）

Unit 4 Waves of Technology 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 ☆同步语法一：v-ing形式作定语 ★同步语法二：被动语态综合 语法精讲精练 (一)基本定义 V-ig形式（现在分词）作定语时，用来修饰名词或代词，相当于一个形容词或定语从句。其核 心逻辑关系是主动（被修饰名词是动作的发出者）或进行（动作正在进行），是高考语法填 空、短文改错和阅读理解中的重要考点。 (二)核心用法与位置 类型 结构特征 位置 核心含义 例句 直接放 表示名词的特征、性 前置定语 单个v 在被修 质或用途，或表示动 1.a sleeping baby 2.a boring lecture 3.a swimming ing形式 饰名词 作正在进行、名词主 前面 动发出的状态。 pool 强调动作正在进行、 v-ing短 放在被 1.The girl sitting by the 反复发生或主动状 后置定语 语(>1 修饰名 window is my sister.2.Do 态，相当于一个主动 个词) you know the man standing 词后面 语态的定语从句。 over there? (三)核心含义区分 1.表主动/进行 ⑨例句：Look at the rising sun. O例句：The exploring team announced the discovery. 2.表特征/性质 g例句：an interesting story g例句：It's an annoying habit. 3.表用途 ②例句：reading materials ②例句：a washing machine (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.V-ing短语与定语从句的转换 O例句：The woman talking to the teacher is our headmaster.(可转换为The woman who is talking to the teacher is our headmaster. 2.特殊结构：名词+V-ing（复合结构) ⑧例句：This is a car-racing game. 3.v-ing前置定语与后置定语的区别（位置决定含义） g例句：a running water, g例句：the water running from the tap. 4.不规则动词的v-ing形式拼写 例句：run→running 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.Look at the flags.They are performing their best in the competition A.flied B.flying C.flown D.being flown 2.The report on the latest scientific findings is widely discussed on the Internet. A.basing B.based C.being based D.to base 3.The boy,whose name was called by the teacher,stood up slowly. A.sleeping B.asleep C.slept D.sleepy 4.We need to make a quick decision because of the situation. A.changing B.changed C.change D.having changed 5.The timetable for the exam has not been updated yet. A.revising B.to revise C.revised D.revise 6.Walking along the street,I saw a man_ a very old guitar. A.carried B.carrying C.to carry D.had carried 7.The sound of the waterfall could be heard a mile away. A.roaring B.roared C.being roared D.to roar 8.The girl told me that she had lost her way. A.crying B.cried C.to cry D.cry 9.It's a fact that practice makes perfect A.knowing B.known C.to know D.being known 10.She found the lecture quite _so she gradually drifted off to sleep. A.boring B.bored C.being bored D.to bore (二)完成句子(5小题) 根据中文提示，用v-ing形式的短语完成句子，每空一词。 1.The student the teacher is my friend. 2.We are living in a world. 3.The light the window flooded the room. 4.Please stick the paper the notice on the wall. 5.l received news from abroad. (三)篇章语法填空(10小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last summer,I went on a trip to a famous mountain.We saw a(1) (flow) stream winding through the valley.The(2)(rise)sun painted the sky with brilliant colors.At the top,there was a huge rock(3) (look)like a monkey. It was an (4)(amaze)sight.While climbing,we met a group of hikers(5) (carry)heavy backpacks.They were part of a(6)(train)program for experienced explorers.A(7)_(move)story about a climber(8) (overcome)great difficulties was told by a guide.He pointed to some(9) (fall)trees,which were obstacles from a previous storm.This experience was a truly (10) (enrich)one that I will never forget. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.B;2.B;3.A;4.A;5.C;6.B;7.A;8.A;9.B;10.A (二)完成 1.talking to 2.rapidly changing 3.entering/flooding from 句子 4.carrying/writing 5.an extremely exciting piece of (三)篇章 1.flowing 2.rising 3.looking 4.amazing 5.carrying 6.training 语法填空 7.moving 8.overcoming 9.fallen 10.enriching 章 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即“主语+be+过去分词+(by+动作执行者)"。 被动语态是高考语法填空、短文改错、写作表达的常考核心，重点考查不同时态下的被动 结构、特殊动词的被动用法以及主动表被动的现象。 (二)被动语态的构成与时态变化 被动语态的基本结构为：be+及物动词的过去分词。be动词随主语的人称、数和时态变 化。常见时态被动语态构成如下表： 时态 被动结构 例句 一般现 The classroom is cleaned every 在时 am/is/are done day. 一般过 was/were done 去时 The bridge was built in 1980 一般将 will be done/am/is/are going The meeting will be held 来时 to be done tomorrow. 现在进 行时 am/is/are being done The road is being repaired now. 过去进 The house was being painted 行时 was/were being done when I arrived 现在完 The work has been finished have/has been done 成时 already. 过去完 The letter had been sent before had been done 成时 he came. 带情态 动词 情态动词+be+done This problem must be solved at once ★注意：不及物动词（如happen,occur,rise,becomes等）无被动语态。 (三)被动语态的核心用法 1.强调动作的承受者，而非执行者 例：The old man was saved by a young man.(老人被救，强调老人) 2.动作的执行者未知或不必提及 例：My bike was stolen last night.(不知道谁偷的) 3.动作的执行者很明显或泛指 例：English is spoken all over the world.(执行者为“人们") 4.在科技、新闻、正式文体中常用 It is reported that the president will visit China. (四)特殊被动结构（高考高频考点） 1.含双宾语的被动语态 动词如give,send,teach,tell,offer等有两个宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），变被动时有 两种方式： 间接宾语作主语：He was given a book. 直接宾语作主语：A book was given to him.(需保留介词to/for) 2短语动词的被动 动词+介词/副词构成的短语动词（如look after,take care of,turn off等），视为整体， 变被动时不可拆开。 例：The baby is well looked after by the nurse. 3.含有宾语补足语的被动 宾语补足语在被动句中变为主语补足语。 例（住动）：They made him monitor,. 例（被动）：He was made monitor.(monitorf保留，不加冠词) 4.主动形式表示被动含义的常见结构 某些动词（如sell,write,wash,cook,drive,read等）用主动形式表示被动，常与 well,easily,smoothly等副词连用。 例：This book sells well.(这本书卖得好) 动词need,want,require,deserve)后接动名词的主动形式表示被动含义。 The house needs cleaning (needs to be cleaned). 某些形容词（如worth,easy,difficult等）后的不定式用主动表示被动。 例：The problem is easy to solve.(问题容易解决) 5.“get+过去分词"表被动 常用于口语或强调状态变化，尤其表示意外或突发情况。 例：He got hurt in the accident. (五)高考易错点提醒 1.被动语态的时态取决于be动词，过去分词不变化。 2.五类动词（感官、使役等）主动变被动时，不定式符号to必须恢复。例如：make sb. do-sb.be made to do 3.注意区分被动语态与系表结构：被动语态强调动作，系表结构强调状态。如：The door is closed.(系表：内是关着的；或被动：内被关上了，需要上下文判断) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing,which attracted the world's attention. A.held B.were held C.were holding D.have held 2.More efforts to protect the environment in the next few years. A.make B.are making C.will make D.will be made 3.The classroom___when we entered.It looked spotless. A.had just cleaned B.had just been cleaned C.was cleaning D.has been cleaned 4.The problem is difficult A.to solve B.to be solved C.solving D.having solved 5.The sick dog needs to the vet at once. A.taking B.taken C.be taken D.to take 6.He to enter the building because he didn't have the ID card. A.not allowed B.wasn't allowed C.didn't allow D.wasn't allowing 7.As is known to all,paper first invented in China. A.is B.was C.has been D.had been 8.The children to play video games for too long by their parents. A.don't allow B.aren't allowed C.haven't allowed D.won't allow 9.The picture during his stay in France looks very beautiful. A.took B.was taken C.taking D.taken 10.-Is everything ready for the party?-Not yet.The tables yet. A.haven't set B.haven't been set C.aren't setting D.are not set (仁二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 用括号内动词的适当形式填空（注意被动语态）。 1.The famous scientist (invite)to give a speech at our school next Monday. 2.The old building (destroy)in the earthquake last year,but now it is being rebuilt 3.It is said that the novel (translate)into many languages already. 4.-Why does the window look so clean?-It_(wash)just now. 5.All the tasks (finish)before the deadline,or we will be punished. 6.The young man (see)to enter the bank with a mask,which was suspicious. 7.The flowers (water)every day,or they will die. 8.The machine (need)repairing. (三)篇章语法填空（12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式（可能用主动或被动语态）。 In our school,a new library 1. (build)last year.It 2. (design) by a famous architect.The books 3. (arrange)in different sections,so students can find what they need easily.Every day,many students 4. (attract)by the comfortable reading environment.Last week,a book fair 5. (hold)in the library.Many new books 6. (sell)at a discount.One of the most popular books 7. (write)by a young writer whose works 8.(praise)by many readers.During the fair,a special talk 9. (give)by the writer himself.He 10.(ask)many questions by the students.After the event,all the donated books 11. (send)to the rural schools.It is believed that these actions 12. (encourage)more students to love reading. 三、参考答案 (-)单项 1.B;2.D;3.B;4.A;5.A;6.B;7.B;8.B;9.D;10.B 选择 (二)用所 给词的适当 1.will be invited 2.was destroyed 3.has been translated 4.was washed 5.must be finished 6.was seen 7.are watered 8.needs 形式填空 1.was built 2.was designed 3.are arranged 4.are attracted (三)篇章 5.was held 6.were sold 7.was written 8.have been praised/are 语法填空 praised 9.was given 10.was asked 11.were sent 12.will encourage