Unit 1 Being a Teenager-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修一（冀教版）

Unit 1 Being a Teenager 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：名词形容词用法及短语搭配 ★同步语法二：五种基本句型、简单句和复合句 语法精讲精练一 一、语法精讲 (一)基本定义 形容词用于描述名词或代词的性质、特征、状态，在句中可作定语、表语或宾语补足语。名 词有时可直接修饰另一个名词，起形容词作用，表示类别、材料、用途等（如a coffee cup)。此外，形容词常与介词、动词、不定式等构成固定短语，在高考完形、阅读、写作中频 繁考查。 (二)核心用法与位置 1.单个形容词作定语（前置） 多个形容词修饰同一名词时，顺序一般为：限定词→观点→大小→形状→新旧→颜色 →国籍→材料→用途。 示例：a beautiful small round old brown Chinese wooden sleeping cat 高考常考顺序判断，尤其是“观点-大小-颜色”“大小-材料”等组合。 2.只能作表语的形容词 常见以a-开头的形容词：alive、asleep、awake、afraid,alone、alike、ashamed 等。 它们不能放在名词前作定语，但可用Iive(活的)、sleeping(睡着的)等近义词替代。 例：The fish is still alive.()an alive fish(x)→a live fish(V) 3.名词作定语 名词直接修饰另一名词，通常用单数，表示类别、材料、时间、地点等。 例：a paper bag(纸袋，材料)、a history book(历史书，类别)、a night shift (夜班，时间)。 注意：man/woman作定语时，单复数需与被修饰词一致：a man teacher→many men teacherso 4.形容词短语作定语（后置） 形容词短语（如adj.+介词/不定式）修饰名词时，需放在名词之后。 例：The man responsible for the project is Mr.Li It is a question difficult to answer.(a question that is difficult to answer) (三)核心含义区分：-ing形容词vs-ed形容词 类型 含义 修饰对象 例词 例句 合人…的 物或人 exciting,interesting The movie is -ing形容词 (主动) (性质) boring,confusing boring 感到…的 人（感 excited,interested, -ed形容词 I am bored. (被动/状态) 受) bored,confused 注：同一个动词派生的两种形容词不可混用。如：a confused student(困惑的学生) asked a confusing question(合人困惑的问题)。 (四)常见形容词短语搭配（高考必背） 1.形容词+介词（搭配固定，需记忆） at be good bad/surprised /amazed at in be interested in,be successful in,be involved in of:be fond proud afraid aware certain /tired of with be satisfied disappointed strict busy crowded covered filled with for be famous /known ready responsible/suitable anxious for to:be similar kind /friendly polite rude/grateful harmful addicted to from be different /absent free from about be worried /curious excited anxious about 2.形容词+不定式 be eager willing ready able likely sure bound difficult hard easy to do 例：The problem is hard to solve,(主语problem是solve的承受者，主动形式表被 动含义) 3.形容词+that从句 常见：be sure/certain/glad/sorry/afraid/aware/confident that+从句 4.其他常用结构 so adj.that...such +n.that... too adj.to do adj.enough +to do as+adj.+as/比较级+than/the+最高级+of/in (五)高考高频考点总结 l.形容词排序：opinion→size→shape→age→color→origin→material →purpose 2.只能作表语的形容词(alive、asleep等)：不说an alive fish,但可说aive fish 3.名词作定语与形容词作定语区别：a gold watch(金表，材质)vs a golden watch(金色的表，颜色) 4.-ing/-ed形容词辨析：The story was moving;we were all moved. 5.固定搭配中的介词选择：be addicted to、be strict with、be filled with 6.形容词短语后置：The task easy to finish was done first. 7.比较级特殊句型：The more you read,the wiser you will be. 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The boy was found in the corner of the street,crying. A.losing B.lost C.having lost D.to lose 2.What a experience!We all felt A.terrified;terrifying B.terrifying;terrified C.terrifying;terrifying D.terrified;terrified 3.This is a building.It was built in the 19th century. A.stone old B.old stone C.stone old small D.old small stone 4.He is a teacher.All the students respect him. A.deeply respected B.deep respected C.deepened respected D.deep respecting 5.The book, for children,is very popular. A.written B.writing C.to write D.write 6.The girl」 red is my sister. A.in B.on C.with D.of 7.'m of his success.He worked hard for it. A.proud B.pride C.proudly D.prided 8.It is for us to finish the work in two days.We need more time A.possible B.impossible C.possibly D.possibility 9.The news made everyone present A.exciting;excited B.excited;exciting C.excited;excited D.exciting;exciting 10.My father is a man.He usually buys me many gifts A.generous;wonderful B.generous;wonderfully C.generously;wonderful D.generously;wonderfully (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 用括号内单词的适当形式（形容词、名词或副词）填空，注意短语搭配。 1.The (excite)news made everyone present excited. 2.The old man was (sleep)in the chair,so we kept quiet. 3.There is a (wood)table in the middle of the room. 4.She is (interest)in collecting stamps. 5.The project was a(success)one,and we felt very (pride). 6.The (worry)mother looked at her sick child 7.He is a (foreign)teacher from Canada. 8.The meeting (hold)yesterday was a great (succeed). (三)语法填空(12空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的形容词或短语（必要时用括号内所给词的正确形式）。 The Great Wall is one of the most 1. (famous)wonders in the world.It is a 2. (history)site that attracts millions of tourists every year.The wall, 3 (build)over 2,000 years ago,is 4.(amaze).Walking on it,you will feel 5. (excite)and 6.(pride).However,the weather can be 1 (change),so it is 8. (advise)to bring a jacket.The local people are very 9. (friend)and 10. (help).They are always 11. (ready)to answer questions.If you are 12.(interest)in history,this is a must-see place. 三、参考答案 (一）单项 选择 1.B;2.B;3.B;4.A;5.A;6.A;7.A;8.B;9.A;10.A (二)用所 给词的适当 1.exciting 2.asleep 3.wooden 4.interested 5.success proud 形式填空 6.worried 7.foreign 8.held success (三)语法 1.famous 2.historic historical 3.built 4.amazing 5.excited; 填空 6.proud 7.changeable 8.advisable 9.friendly 10.helpful 11.ready 12.interested 章 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 简单句：只包含一个主谓结构（即一套主语+谓语）的句子，谓语可以是及物动词、不及 物动词、系动词等。简单句共有五种基本句型，是构建一切复杂句子的基础。 复合句：包含一个主句和一个或多个从句的句子。从句在句中充当成分（如名词性从句、 定语从句、状语从句)，不能独立成句。 五种基本句型：根据谓语动词的性质，简单句分为以下五类，涵盖了英语中最基本的句子 结构。 (二) 五种基本句型详解（含表格） 名称 结构公 核心特征 例句 型 式 编 号 谓语为不及物动词，无 The sun rises. (太 ① 主谓(S+V) S+Vi. 宾语，可加状语 阳升起。) S+ 谓语为系动词(be, She is a teacher. ② 主系表(S+V+P) Link-V become,seem等)， (她是一名老师。) Pred 后接表语说明主语特征 S+Vt. 谓语为及物动词，后接 He likes music ③ 主谓宾(S+V+O) +O 一个宾语 (他喜欢音乐。) 谓语为双宾动词(give, S+Vt. 主谓宾宾 ④ +I0+ send,tell等)，后接间 gave him a book (S+V+IO+DO) 接宾语（人）和直接宾 (我给了他一本书。) DO 语（物） 谓语为宾补动词 They named the S+Vt. 主谓宾宾补 (make,find,call ship Titanic.(他们 +O+ (S+V+O+OC) 等)，后接宾语和宾语补 给那艘船命名为泰坦尼 oc 足语 克号。) ★重要辨析： 双宾：I made her a doll.(双宾：给她一个娃娃) 宾补：I made her happy.(宾补：使她开心) (三)简单句Vs复合句：核心区别与识别 比较 简单句 复合句 维度 主谓 一套主谓（可并列主语或谓语，但仍 两套及以上主谓，其中一个为主句，其余为 数量 属简单句) 从句 结构 包含从属连词(that,because,when等) 独立完整，无从句 成分 引导的从句 He studied hard and passed He studied hard because he 例句 the exam.(并列谓语，仍为简单 wanted to pass the exam.(原因状 句) 语从句) 考点 高考常考：判断句子类型、识别谓语 高考常考：从句连词使用、从句成分分析、 提示 动词数量 主从句时态呼应 (四)复合句分类（高考高频） 1.名词性从句：在主句中充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语。 引导词：that,whether/if,wh-疑问词 例句：What he said is true.(主语从句) 2.定语从句：修饰名词或代词，相当于形容词。 引导词：关系代词(which,that,who,whom,whose)、关系副词(when, where,why) 例句：The girl who is standing there is my sister. 3状语从句：修饰主句动词、形容词或全句，表示时间、原因、条件、让步等。 引导词：when,because,if,although,so that等 例句：If you study hard,you will succeed. (五)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.五种基本句型的辨认与转换 对句子进行结构划分，写出S、V、O、P等成分。 将双宾句转换为“动词+DO+to/for+IO'结构。 例句：He gave me a book.→He gave a book to me 2.简单句与复合句的互转 简单句→复合句：将短语扩展为从句。 复合句→简单句：将从句简化为不定式/分词短语。 例句：The man who is sitting there is my uncle.→The man sitting there is my uncle.(现在分词短语作定语) 3.从句引导词的选择 名词性从句：that无含义，whether表示“是否'，疑问词保留疑问含义。 定语从句：先行词为人用who/that,为物用which/that;介词+关系代词。 状语从句：根据逻辑关系选对连词。 4.主谓一致在复合句中的体现 从句作主语时，谓语用单数（形式主语t句型除外）。 例句：That he passed the exam surprises everyone.(主语从句，谓语用 单数) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择（10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The news he won the first prize made us excited. A.that B.what C.which D.whether 2.The teacher asked the students they had finished the homework A.that B.what C.if D.which 3.The reason he was late is that his bike broke down. A.why B.that C.which D.for which 4.We all consider necessary to learn a foreign language. A.it B.that C.this D.what 5.The number of the students going to the museum tomorrow is 50 A.who are B.who is C.that are D.which is 6.It is not yet known the meeting will be held. A.when B.that C.what D.which 7.The factory we visited last week is very modern. A.which B.where C.what D.to which 8.She is the only one of the students been to Beijing. A.who has B.who have C.that have D.which has 9.The problem is we can get enough money. A.how B.that C.what D.which 10.He didn't tell me he would come back. A.when B.which C.what D.that (二)句型转换(8小题) 按要求将下列句子进行转换，每空一词。 l.The boy who is playing basketball is my brother.(改为简单句) The boy basketball is my brother. 2.I find that it is difficult to finish the task on time.(改为简单句) I find to finish the task on time 3.She gave me a beautiful gift.(改为同义句，用介词to) She gave a beautiful gift 4.Ve all believe that he is honest.(改为简单句) We all believe 5.The man who is standing under the tree is our teacher..(改为简单句) The man under the tree is our teacher. 6.ldon't know where I should go.(改为简单句) I don't know --g0. 7.The news that our team won the game excited everyone.(改为简单句) The news of our team the game excited everyone 8.He didn't come to school because he was ill..(改为简单句) He didn't come to school because his (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或使用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Last Sunday,our class organized a trip to a mountain village.The guide 1. (lead)us through a narrow path.Everything 2. we saw there was new to us.The villagers 3. (live)in simple houses were very friendly.They told us 4.they had been living there for generations. One old man showed us how 5. .(make)bamboo baskets.The baskets 6.were made by him looked very beautiful. We also visited a small school 7. (build)fifty years ago.The children 6 were studying in the classroom seemed very happy.9. impressed me most was their eagerness to learn.The teacher said 10. the school needed more books.We decided to raise money 11. we could help them.On the way back,we talked about 12. a meaningful trip it was. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.C;3.A;4.A;5.A;6.A;7.A;8.A;9.A;10.A 选择 (二)句型 1.playing 2.it difficult 3.to me 4.him honest 5.standing; 转换 6.where to 7.winning 8.of illness (三)篇章 1.led 2.that/which 3.living 4.that 5.to make 6.that/which 语法填空 7.built 8.who/that 9.What 10.that 11.so that;12.what