Unit 4 Culture and Cultural Diversity-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修一（冀教版）

Unit 4 Culture and Cultural Diversity 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 ☆同步语法一：现在完成时的被动语态 ★同步语法二：现在完成时与一般过去时辨析 语法精讲精练一 (一)基本定义 现在完成时的被动语态是英语中一个综合时态与语态的结构，用来表达“在过去的某个时间开 始并持续到现在或对现在产生影响”的动作，且主语是动作的承受者（被动关系）。它强调动 作的完成性、延续性以及结果的现存状态，是高考语法填空、短文改错、书面表达中的高频考 点。 (二)核心结构 成分 肯定式 否定式 疑问式 have/has been have/has not Have/Has+主语+been 结构 过去分词 been+过去分词 +过去分词？ The work has been The work has not been Has the work been 示例 finished. finished. finished? 主语为单三用has,其 人称注意 同上 同上 余用have (三)核心用法与时间状语 现在完成时的被动语态主要用于以下三种情境，高考中常结合特定时间状语进行考查： 用法 说明 典型时间状语 例句 动作在过去完 ①已完成并产 already,yet,just,ever, The new airport has 成，结果对现 never,recently,lately,so already been built.(新机 生影响 在仍有影响 far,up to now,by now 场已经建好，现在可使用) 动作从过去某 since+过去时间点，for+ These trees have been ②延续至今 时开始，持续 时间段，over/in the protected for decades. 到现在 past/last few years (这些树被保护了几十年) 表示“至今为 This song has been sung ever,never,once,twice, ③经验或频率 止”的被动经 three times... by many artists,(这首歌被 历或次数 许多艺人唱过) (四)现在完成时主动语态Vs被动语态 (核心对比) 对比项 主动语态 被动语态 结构 have/has done have/has been done 主语角色 动作的执行者 动作的承受者 焦点 强调“谁做了” 强调“被做了什么”或“结果” 例句 We have repaired the computer. The computer has been repaired 考点 注意主语与动词的主动关系 注意主语与动词的被动关系，且be不可缺 (五) 现在完成时被动Vs一般过去时被动（高考必考点） 现在完成时的被动(have/has been 一般过去时的被动(was/were 比较维度 done) done) 时间焦点 强调对现在的影响或结果，不强调具体 强调过去的动作，常与具体过去时间 时间 连用 时间状语 yesterday,last night,in 1998, already,yet,since,for,so far when从句等 例句 The bridge has been The bridge was completed in completed.(已完成，现在可通行) 2018.(仅陈述过去事实) 转换规则 不可与具体过去时间状语连用 可与具体过去时间状语连用 (六)高频考点与易错点 1.不规则过去分词的拼写 be-been,do→done,see→seen,write→written,break→broken,take→ taken,give→given,speak→spoken等。 O例：A new law has been written to protect wildlife.(不可写成writed) 2.主谓一致 主语是单数或不可数名词时用nas been done;复数时用have been done。 A lot of effort has been made to improve the environment. Several experiments have been carried out so far. 3.双宾语动词的被动语态 如give,tell,send,show,ofer等，有两种被动形式： 直接宾语作主语：A gift has been given to him. 间接宾语作主语：He has been given a gift.(高考常考间接宾语作主语) 4.被动语态与系表结构的区别 现在完成时的被动强调动作（已被做），而系表结构(be+过去分词作形容词)强调状 态 ⑧例：The window has been broken by Tom.(被动，强调动作：被打破) O例：The window is broken.(系表，强调状态：现在是破的) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(8小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The project by the local government since last year. A.has been supported B.was supported C.had been supported D.is supported 2.Up to now,more than 200 trees in the park. A.have planted B.have been planted C.were planted D.are planted 3.All the important documents to the manager already. A.have sent B.have been sent C.were sent D.will be sent 4.The famous scientist _many awards for his research in the past ten years. A.has given B.has been given C.gave D.was given 5.-Is the new road open to traffic?-Yes,it for only two weeks. A.has been used B.used C.was used D.is using 6.Every effort to prevent the spread of the disease so far,but it's still serious. A.is made B.has made C.has been made D.was made 7.The students about the safety rules recently. A.have told B.have been told C.told D.were telling 8.So far,no decision about where to hold the conference. A.has been made B.was made C.had been made D.is made (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的正确形式填空（注意语态和时态）。 1.The results of the experiment (publish)in a scientific journal already. 2.All the tickets for the concert (sell out)by now. 3.The old building (repair)since last month 4.Many new jobs (create)in the past few years. 5.The suspect_ (question)by the police twice so far. 6.This novel (translate)into several languages since it came out. 7.The children (tell)not to play with fire recently. 8.A new subway line (build)in our city in the last three years. (三)完成句子(5小题) 根据中文提示，用现在完成时的被动语态完成句子。 1.到目前为止，所有的问题都已经解决了。 All the problems by now. 2.这位作家在过去的十年里已经被授予了许多荣誉。 The writer many honors in the past ten years. 3.这些旧照片已经被仔细地保存起来了。 These old photos carefully. 4.自去年以来，这个项目一直没有被改进。 The project since last year. 5.那场音乐会已经被取消了吗？ the concert 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.B;3.B;4.B;5.A;6.C;7.B;8.A 选择 (二)用所 1.have been published 2.have been sold out 3.has been repaired 给词的适当 4.have been created 5.has been questioned 6.has been translated 形式填空 7.have been told 8.has been built (三)完成 1.have been solved 2.has been given 3.have been kept 4.has not 句子 been improved 5.Has been cancelled 章 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 一般过去时：表示过去某个具体时间点发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在无关。动 词用过去式。 现在完成时：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果，或表示从过去持续到现 在的动作或状态。结构为have/has+过去分词 (二）核心用法与区别 对比维 一般过去时 现在完成时 度 时间概 念 动作发生在过去，不涉及现在 强调过去与现在的联系（影响或持续） 典型时 yesterday,last week,in already,yet,ever,never,just,recently, 间状语 2010,..ago,just now,when so far,up to now,since,for,in the past 从句等 few years 动词形 式 动词过去式 have/has+过去分词 疑问/ Did+主语+动词原形？/主语 Have/Has+主语+过去分词？/主语+ 否定 +didn't+动词原形 haven't/hasn't+过去分词 例句 saw the movie yesterday. I have seen the movie already. (三)关键时间状语辨析（高考核心考点） 有些时间状语在两个时态中都可出现，但含义或用法不同： 时间状语 用于一般过去时 用于现在完成时 表示“刚扌”（常与过去时搭配，如 just 表示“刚刚”（强调对现在影响） just now) 表示“最近某个过去时间点”（如 表示“最近一段时间以来”（常与现在 recently recently in 2023) 完成时连用) 表示“以前” (泛指过去，常与一般过 表示“以前（未说明具体时间）”（常 before 去时连用) 与现在完成时连用) this 若说话时已经是下午，表示“今天早 若说话时仍在上午，表示”今早至今” morning 上”（过去时间） (可能持续) (四)易错点（高考高频失分点） 1.与明确过去时间状语连用时，只能用一般过去时 x I have visited the museum last week. I visited the museum last week 2.现在完成时不能与when连用提问具体时间 x When have you arrived? √When did you arrive? 3.短暂性动词的现在完成时不能与时间段连用 短暂性动词（如buy,borrow,die,leave,join,marry等）的完成时不能与 for/since连用，需转换为延续性表达。 He has died for two years. He has been dead for two years. I have bought this book for three months. I have had this book for three months. 4.“已完成”与“未完成"用法的区分 已完成（动作在说话前已完成，强调结果）：I have finished my homework. 未完成（动作从过去持续到现在，还可能持续）：I have lived here for ten years. (五)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1根据时间状语判断时态 例：He (leave)for Shanghai last night.-left last night) 例：He (leave)for Shanghai already.→has left(有already） 2.语境中动作对现在的影响 例：1 (lose)my key.I can't get into the room now.-have lost 响现在) 3.与since/for连用的时态选择 例：We (know)each other since childhood.-have known (since 短语用完成时) 例：We (meet)each other two years ago.-met (two years ago 用过去时) 4.短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换 例：The film (begin)for ten minutes.→has been on(begin改为 be on) 例：The film (begin)ten minutes ago.→began(有明确过去时间) 二、专项练习 (一）单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.l a new bike yesterday. A.have bought B.bought C.buy D.had bought 2.She to Beijing three times so far. A.goes B.has gone C.has been D.went 3.-When you the magazine? -Last week. A.have;bought B.did;buy C.do;buy D.have;buy 4.He in this school since 2020 A.teaches B.taught C.has taught D.is teaching 5.My father smoking two years ago,but he it again now. A.stopped;has started B.has stopped;started C.stopped;starts D.had stopped;started 6.Look!The ground is wet.It just now. A.rained B.has rained C.was raining D.rains 7.- you your homework yet? -Yes,I it an hour ago. A.Have;done;have done B.Did;do;did C.Have;done;did D.Did;do;have done 8.He the army for five years. A.has joined B.has been in C.joined D.has been 9.I the film before,so I don't want to see it again. A.saw B.have seen C.had seen D.see 10.-I'm sorry.I your book somewhere,but I can't find it now. 一It doesn't matter. A.have put B.put C.had put D.was putting (二)用所给动词的正确时态填空(8小题) 根据语境，用括号内动词的适当形式（一般过去时或现在完成时）填空。 1.They_ (finish)the work already. 2.1 (meet)him in the street yesterday. 3.She (not read)this book yet. 4.The train (leave)the station ten minutes ago. 5.How long you (know)each other? 6.We (visit)the museum last summer. 7.He (be)a teacher since 2015. 8.l (lose)my wallet.I can't find it anywhere. (三)篇章语法填空（12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确时态（一般过去时或现在完成时）。 Last month,I 1. (start)learning English.I 2. (never study)it before,so everything is new to me.My teacher 3. (teach)us many interesting things already.Yesterday,she 4._ (tell)us about British culture.I 5.(learn)about 50 new words so far. 16. (not master)the pronunciation yet,but I 7. (practice)a lot every day.Last weekend,I 8.(meet)a foreigner in the park.I 9. (try)to talk with him,but I 10. (fail)because I spoke too slowly.Now I 11.(realize)that I need more practice So far,I 12. (make)great progress,but I still have a long way to go. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.C;3.B;4.C;5.A;6.A;7.C;8.B;9.B;10.A 选择 (二)用所 1.have finished 2.met 3.has not read 4.left 5.have known 给动词的正 确时态填空 6.visited 7.has been 8.have lost (三)篇章 1.started 2.had never studied 3.has taught 4.told 5.have learned 6.have not mastered 7.practice 8.met 9.tried 语法填空 10.failed 11.have realized 12.have made