Unit 2 Animals-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修二（沪外版）

Unit 2 Animals 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：限定性定语从句"介词+which”的用法 女同步语法二：词汇词义辨析拓展：同义词(Synonyms) 语法精讲精练 ()基本定义 “介词+which”是限定性定语从句中的一种正式结构，用于修饰表示物（或抽象概念）的先 行词。其中which代替先行词在从句中作介词的宾语，介词则根据先行词与从句谓语动词/形 容词的搭配关系或整体语义来确定。该结构在书面语、正式文体及高考语法填空、完形填空 中频繁出现，是考生必须掌握的核心考点。 (二)核心用法与结构 1.基本结构：先行词（物/事）+介词+which+从句其余部分 该结构相当于一个由关系副词(when,where,why)引导的定语从句的正式书面语形 式。 介词不能省略，且which不可替换为that(介词后只能用which)。 用法类型 介词+ 对应关系 先行词特征 副词 例句 which in on/ 表示时间的名词 I still remember the day on 表时间 at+ when (day,year, which I first met her.( which moment...) when) in /on/ 表示地点的名词 The library in which we 表地点 at+ where (place,room, often study has a quiet which city...) atmosphere.(where) 用法类型 介词+ 对应关系 先行词特征 例句 which 副词 The reason for which he 表示原因的名词 表原因 for which why was late is still unknown. (reason) (why) 表示方式的名词 The way in which he 表方式 by in how in (way,method, solved the problem which which manner) impressed us. 2.介词的选择原则（高考核心考点） 原则一：根据从句谓语动词的固定搭配 动词短语中的介词常随动词前移。 g例句：The house in which the famous scientist once lived is now a museum. (live in的in提前) O例句：He is the man for whom we are waiting,(wait for的for提前；注意 whom用于人，此处为介词+whom,但本讲重点为which) 原则二：根据先行词与介词的语义关系 常用介词：of(所属/部分与整体)、with(伴随/工具)、without(没有)、about(关 于)、through(通过)等。 g例句：He wrote a book about which many people have different opinions. (a book about..关于某本书) 原则三：根据形容词或名词的固定搭配 O例句：He is a man of whom we can be proud.(be proud of) g例句：It's a problem to which we must pay attention.(pay attention to) (三)介词的位置：前置Vs后置 正式文体（高考常考）：介词放在which之前，即"介词+which"结构。 非正式口语：介词可放在从句末尾，which可省略（但仅限于限定性定语从句且介词后置 时)。 注意：当介词前置时，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)；介词后置 时，可用that。 正式（介词前置） 非正式（介词后置，which可省略） 说明 The pen which I wrote the letter with 介词前置更正式，高 The pen with which I is lost.The pen I wrote the letter with 考语法填空多考查前 wrote the letter is lost. is lost. 置结构 (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.介词+which与关系副词的互换 O例句：The moment at which the rocket launched was exciting.→The moment when the rocket launched was exciting. 2.根据从句动词短语判断介词 O例句：The table on which you put the book is broken.(put..on the table) ⑧例句：The topic about which we talked is sensitive.(talk about the topic) 3.介词+which中的介词来源于固定搭配 O例句：He is a teacher with whom I have worked for years.(work with) ②例句：This is the problem for which we cannot find a solution.(solution for/to the problem,注意部分名词后介词固定) 4.“介词+which+不定式”的简化结构（高级考点） 例句：|need a tool with which to cut the wood.(相当于.a tool with which I can cut the wood.) 5.易错点：as与which的辨析在非限定性从句中，但限定性中无此问题；注意介词后只能 用which,不可用that。 二、专项练习 （)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.He finally reached the top of the mountain, he saw a breathtaking view. A.in which B.at which C.from which D.on which 2.The reason he refused the invitation is not clear. A.for which B.of which C.by which D.to which 3.The factory his father used to work has been closed down. A.in that B.in which C.that D.which 4.This is the very pen I wrote the letter. A.which B.that C.with which D.with that 5.We visited a famous city many historic buildings still stand. A.where B.in which C.which D.both A and B 6.The situation we found ourselves was extremely dangerous. A.in which B.which C.that D.of which 7.The tool the craftsman repaired the watch is very delicate A.by which B.with which C.through which D.on which 8.She told us a story everyone in the room was deeply moved. A.for which B.by which C.at which D.in which 9.The age children can start school is usually six. A.at which B.in which C.on which D.of which 10.This is the dictionary_ I often look up new words. A.with which B.from which C.in which D.on which (二)用适当的“介词+which"填空(8小题) 在空白处填入适当的介词，完成"介词+which"结构，使定语从句完整通顺。 1.This is the laboratory we conducted the experiment last year. 2.The reason he was absent was that he was ill. 3.The company_ _I have been working for ten years is expanding rapidly. 4.The topic they were arguing is about climate change. 5.The meeting we discussed the new plan lasted three hours 6.The clothes she covered the bed are made of silk. 7.The mountain _we can enjoy a full view of the city is very famous 8.The problem the engineer devoted all his energy was finally solved. (三)篇章语法填空(10小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的"介词+which"结构（如in which,for which 等)，或根据上下文填入关系词（注意可能同时考查关系副词or介词+which)。 Last month,I visited a small town 1. (介词+which)I spent my childhood.The house 2. (介词+which)I used to live has been turned into a museum.The garden 3. (介词+which)we often played games is now a parking lot.I could hardly recognize the place,but the memories 4. (介词+which)I hold dear are still vivid, In the museum,I saw an old photo 5. (介词+which)my grandmother was standing in front of a tree.The tree,6. (介词+which)branches are now very thick,was planted by my grandfather.I also found a diary 7. (+which)my mother wrote down her daily life.The reason 8. (介词 +which)she started writing it was to record the family history. The visit brought back many feelings,9. (介词+which)I could not express in words.I made a promise to myself that I would return to this place every year,which is a commitment 10. (介词+which)I will never break. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.C;2.A;3.B;4.C;5.D;6.A;7.B;8.B;9.A;10.B 选择 (二)用适 1.in which 2.for which 3.for which 4.about which 5.at which 当的“介词 6.with which 7.from which 8.to which which"填 空 (三)篇章 1.in which 2.in which 3.in which 4.to which 5.in which 6.of 语法填空 which 7.in which 8.for which 9.for which 10.to which 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 同义词(Synonyms)指意义相同或相近但用法、语境、搭配或语气有差异的词汇。高 中英语中，同义词辨析是完形填空、短文改错和写作的高频考点，考查学生对词义细微差 别、固定搭配及语境的准确判断。 (二) 核心用法与辨析 同义词组 核心区别 例句 常见搭配/注意 affect(动词)意为"影响"， The bad weather 常指对人或事物产生作用； affected our plan./The affect+宾 affect/ effect(名词)意为"影响，效 new law has a positive 语；effect+ effect 果”，常用作名词，动词搭 effect on the on upon 配"effect change environment raise(及物动词)意为"举 raise+宾 She raised her hand. raise/ 起、提高"，后需接宾语；rise 语；rise无被 (不及物动词)意为“上升、 The sun rises in the rise 动，常与主语 east. 升起”，不接宾语 连用 lie lay lie(躺，位于)不及物，过去 He lay on the bed./The lie down lie 式lay,过去分词lain;lay hen laid an egg in;lay+宾 语 (放置，产卵)及物，过去式 laid,过去分词laid be sensitive sensitive"敏感的”（对他人的 sensitive a sensitive child /a to It is 感受或刺激)；sensible“明智 sensible sensible decision sensible of 的”（基于理智和判断） sb to do 女高考高频易错点： 及物与不及物：如raise/rise,及物动词一定要带宾语，不及物动词不能直接跟宾 语。 词性混淆：如affect/effect,动词与名词形式不同。 固定搭配：如ie和lay的过去式容易记混，需结合例句记忆不规侧变化。 (三)七大核心考点总结 1.及物与不及物动词的区分 例：he price of oil has risen sharply.(不及物，无宾语)/The government raised taxes.(及物，接宾语) 2.名词与动词词性辨析 例：The medicine has an immediate effect.(名词)/The noise affects my sleep.(动词) 3.不规则动词过去式/过去分词拼写 例：lie→lay→lain;lay→laid→laid;rise→rose→risen;raise→raised →raised 4.同义词搭配对象不同 例：spend/cost/take/pay:人+spend+time/money+(in)doing/on sth;物+cost+人+钱；It takes+人+时间+todo;人+pay+钱+for sth 5.形容词的褒贬与使用对象 例：historic/historical:historic'“历史性的，有重大意义的'；historical'"历史 的，有关历史的” →a historic event(历史性事件)；historical novels(历史小说) 6.逻辑关系辨析一一主动与被动 例：interesting/interested:interesting“分人感兴趣的”（主动，修饰物）； interested“感兴趣的”（被动状态，修饰人） an interesting book an interested audience 7.正式与非正式语境 例：assist/help:assist更正式，常用于书面语；help更口语化 The technician assisted the patient.Can you help me? 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The sudden cold weather the growth of crops. A.affected B.effected C.effect D.affection 2.The sun in the east and sets in the west. A.raises B.rises C.is raised D.is risen 3.She the book on the table and went out. A.laid B.lay C.lied D.lain 4.It is of you to wear a helmet while riding. A.sensitive B.sensible C.senseless D.sensory 5.The new policy will take next month. A.affect B.effect C.effort D.afford 6.He the question but didn't answer it. A.rose B.raised C.arose D.aroused 7.The dog on the floor all afternoon. A.laid B.lay C.lies D.lain 8.The event changed the course of history. A.historic B.historical C.history D.historian 9.l a lot of time practicing the piano every day. A.cost B.take C.spend D.pay 10.He is very to criticism,so be careful with your words. A.sensible B.sensitive C.senseless D.sensory (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 1.The price of vegetables has (rise)dramatically this month. 2.Please (lie)the book on the shelf carefully. 3.The heavy rain (affect)the traffic in the city severely. 4.We should adopt a (sense)approach to solving the problem. 5.The experiment showed no significant (effect)on the result. 6.The bird(lay)three eggs in the nest last week. 7.She (raise)her voice to make herself heard. 8.The (history)buildings in this city attract many tourists. (三)篇章语法填空（12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给词的正确形式。 Last summer,my family visited a famous museum which 1. (rise)on the hilltop.We 2. (raise)our cameras to take pictures of the 3. (history)artifacts.One exhibit 4. (affect)me deeply:a letter 5 (write)by a soldier.It 6. (lie)in a glass case, yellowed with time.The letter 7._(lay)out his feelings about the war.I felt it was 8. (sense)to preserve such precious memories.After the visit,we 9. _(pay)a small fee for the guidebook.The guidebook 10. (cost)us only five dollars.It 11. (take)us about two hours to read through all the descriptions.The whole experience had a lasting 12. (affect)on me. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.B;3.A;4.B;5.B;6.B;7.B;8.A;9.C;10.B 选择 (二)用所 给词的适当 1.risen 2.lay 3.affected 4.sensible 5.effect 6.laid 7.raised 8.historical 形式填空 (三)篇章 1.rose 2.raised 3.historical 4.affected 5.written 6.lay 7.laid 语法填空 8.sensible 9.paid 10.cost 11.took 12.effect