Unit 4 Customs and Traditions-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修一（沪外版）

Unit 4 Customs and Traditions 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 ☆同步语法一：合成法(Compounding,词汇拓展) ★同步语法二：转化法(Conversion,.词汇拓展) 语法精讲精练一 一、语法精讲 (一)基本定义 合成法(Compounding)是把两个或两个以上独立的词组合成一个新词的构词方式。合成词 的意义常与各组成部分有关，但有时会发生引申或特殊化，是高考词汇推断、语法填空和阅读 理解的重要考点。 (仁)核心用法与分类 合成词按词性主要分为复合名词、复合形容词、复合动词三类，构成方式多样，具体如下： 分类 常见构成方式 示例 含义 复合名词 名词+名词 passer-by (过路人) 由“经过的人”引申 形容词+名词 blackboard(黑板) 黑色+板 动词+名词 breakthrough (突破) 打破+通过 动词+副词 output(产出) 向外+放 副词+动词 overcome(克服) 越过+来 复合形容词 形容词+名词+-ed warm-hearted(热心的) 温暖+心+的 数词+名词+-ed three-legged(三条腿的) 三+腿+的 名词+过去分词 home-made(自制的) 家+制作 形容词+现在分词 good-looking (好看的) 好+看 副词+过去分词 well-known(著名的) 好+知道（被动） 复合动词 名词+动词 sightsee (观光) 风景+看 副词+动词 undergo (经历) 在.…下+走 形容词+动词 whitewash(粉刷) 白+洗 考点提示：高考常考查复合名词的复数形式（如passers-by),以及复合形容词中连字符的使 用（如well-known不可写成well known作前置定语）。 (三)核心含义理解与推断 合成词的意义可以“猜”但不可“硬套”，需关注： l.直接相加：schoolbag=school+bag(书包) 2.引申义：greenhouse≠绿色的房子，而是"温室” 3.比喻义：blockbuster(大片)原指“炸弹”，后引申为“轰动作品” ★高考常要求根据上下文推断合成词含义，或者判断其词性后选择正确形式。 (四)合成词Vs词组（高考易错点） 合成词常作为一个整体，中间有连字符或无空格；词组则分开写。 例：a well--known writer 复数变化复合名词的复数一般变中心词，如lookers-on (五)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.复合形容词作前置定语，需加连字符 O例句：a five-year-old boy(-个五岁男孩) 错误写法：a five years old boy(x) 2.复合名词的复数形式 O例句：There are many passers-by on the street.(街上很多路人) 易错：passer-bys(X) 3.合成词与派生词的区分 O例句：She is a hard-working student.(合成形容词，由hard+working构成) ≠She is a hardly working student.(副词+分词，含义不同) 4.语境中合成词的词义推断 O例句：The breakthrough in technology amazed everyone,(突破，由break +through推断) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The house at the corner of the street has been sold for a high price A.well-designed B.well design C.well designing D.well designes 2.He is a boy who always helps others. A.warm-heart B.warm-hearted C.warmly-heart D.warm-hearts 3.The of the old castle were taken down during the storm. A.chimney-sweeps B.chimneys-sweep C.chimney-sweep D.chimneys-sweeps 4.My grandfather is a man;he can fix almost anything. A.hand-made B.hand-make C.hand-making D.handyman 5.The movie attracted millions of viewers worldwide. A.blockbusting B.block-busting C.blockbusted D.block-busted 6.After the earthquake,many_ buildings needed repair. A.badly-damaging B.badly-damaged C.bad-damaged D.bad-damaging 7.The_ worker was praised for his excellent skills A.hard-working B.hard work C.hardly-working D.hardworked 8.We need to find a solution to the problem. A.quick-fix B.quick fixed C.quickly-fixing D.quick fixing 9.The of the novel took the readers by surprise. A.story-line B.story line C.storyline D.story-line 10.All the in the competition received certificates. A.lookers-on B.looker-ons C.looker-on D.lookers-ons (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，将括号内两个词合成一个适当的词（注意连字符或复数形式）。 1.The (high /speed)train runs at 350 km per hour. 2.She bought a (new born)baby dress for her friend 3.Many (passer by)stopped to watch the amazing show. 4.The (well know)singer will give a concert next month. 5.The _(first/class)service made the guests feel comfortable. 6.He is a (self center)person who only cares about himself. 7.The (sun/set)we saw from the mountain was breathtaking 8.The (long /term)plan should be revised every year. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给两个词的正确合成形式（必要时加连字符或变复数）。 Last week,our school organized a 1. (field /trip)to a 2. (well know)science museum.The museum is famous for its 3. (state of/the art)exhibits.In the first hall,we saw a 4.(life size)model of a dinosaur.A 5.(guide line)on the wall explained its habits During the visit,we met a 6. (kind heart)volunteer named Mr.Li.He told us many 7.(break through)stories about inventors.In the 8. (three dimension)theatre,we watched a film about 9.(space /ship) exploration.The film included a 10. _(quick/moving)sequence of the rocket launch. After the visit,we were asked to write a 11 (short /term)report.I focused on the 12. (hand /on)activities I tried there. 三、参考答案 (一）单项 1.A;2.B;3.D;4.D;5.B;6.B;7.A;8.A;9.C;10.A 选择 (二)用所 给词的适当 1.high-speed 2.newborn 3.passers-by 4.well-known 5.first-class 6.self-centered 7.sunset 8.long-term 形式填空 (三)篇章 1.field trip 2.well-known 3.state-of-the-art 4.life-size 5.guideline 语法填空 6.kind-hearted 7.breakthrough 8.three-dimensional 9.spaceship 10.quick-moving 11.short-term 12.hands-on 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 转化法是指不改变词形，将单词从一个词类直接转换为另一个词类使用的方法。通过转 化，一个单词常可同时作为名词、动词、形容词等，从而极大扩展词汇的表达能力。转化 法是高考英语阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空中的高频考点，掌握转化规律能帮助快速推 断词义、准确填空。 (二) 主要类别与用法 转化类 型 转化方向 含义变化规律 高考高频示例 名词→ 物体/概念→ 将名词表示的事物转化为“做与 book(书→预订)water(水→ 动词 动作 该事物相关的动作” 浇水)mail(邮件→邮寄) 动词→ 动作→行为/ 将动词表示的动作转化为“该动 look(看→表情)help(帮助→ 名词 结果人 作本身、结果或执行者” 帮手)break(打破→休息) 将形容词表示的状态转化为 clean(干净的-→打扫)cool 形容词 性质/状态 “使.…成为该状态”或“变为该状 (凉爽的→冷却)empty(空的 →动词 使动/变化 态” →倒空) 性质/状态→ 形容词 部分形容词可直接作为名词使 the rich(富人们)the poor →名词 抽象概念或某 用，常与定冠词连用 一类人 (穷人们)good(善行) 部分名词直接放在名词前作定 名词→ 材料/属性→ paper bag(纸袋)key point 语，表示材料、用途等（常涉 (关键点)winter clothes(冬 形容词 修饰语 及合成词) 衣) (三)核心规律与语境判断技巧 1.判断词性靠位置与功能 一个单词在句中是名词、动词还是形容词，取决于它在句子结构中的位置和语法功能。 例：I need a drink. 例：Don't drink too much, 2.动词→名词转化中的“动作结果”含义 很多动词转化为名词后，表示“一次动作的过程或结果”。 例：have a try 高考常考：make a change 3.名词→动词转化中的“利用工具/施加东西"含义 名词转化为动词时，常表示“用该名词所指的东西去完成动作”。 例：He hammered the nail. 例：The teacher cornered the student. 4.形容词→动词转化中的“使役/变得”含义 这类转化常出现在及物动词（使.变得）或不及物动词（变得.）中。 例：Open the door 例：The sky cleared. 5.常考特殊转化词（高考高频) ship last close (四)易错点提醒 1.不要把转化后的词性误判 如water作动词时读作/'w:ta(r)/,但拼写不变，句法位置不同。 X:Please water is needed. √：Please water the flowers 2.注意部分转化词的发音变化（次要考点，但影响拼写） 有些双音节词在名词与动词间有重音变化，如record(名词/'rek:d/vs动词/rI 'k:d),present(名词/'preznt//vs动词/prr'zent/)。高考较少直接考发音，但语法填 空需根据拼写判断。 3.形容词→名词转化时的特殊形式 并非所有形容词都能直接用作名词。常见的有：the rich/poor/young/old/dead/sick 等，表一类人。其他如the beautiful表抽象概念时可接受，但较为少见。 (五) 高考常见题型与解题策略 题型 转化法考点 解题策略 先判断句中缺什么成分（主 语法 给一个名词，要求填动词形式；或给动词，要求填名 填空 语/谓语/宾语定语等)，再运 词形式 用基本转化规律 阅读 根据该词在句中的位置确定词 词义猜测题中，通过词性转化推断生词含义 理解 性，结合语境转换含义 完形 选项为同一词根的不同词性（如 分析空格处需要的词性，再选 填空 clean/cleaning/cleaned/cleanliness) 择对应的转化形式 检查谓语动词是否被误用作主 短文 误用词性，如把名词当动词用，或把动词当名词用 语/宾语，或名词是否被误放 改错 于谓语位置 (一)单项选择（共8小题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The manager asked me to the document to the head office yesterday A.mail B.mailed C.mailing D.mails 2.After a long the two sides finally reached an agreement. A.discuss B.discussing C.discussion D,discussed 3.Please the room before the guests arrive.It's too dirty A.cleaning B.clean C.cleans D.cleaned 4.The in this city are provided with free medical care. A.old B.olds C.elder D.elderly 5.He the ball to the goalkeeper and scored a goal. A.headed B.head C.heading D.heads 6.I'd like to have a at this new restaurant;I heard it's good. A.try B.tried C.trying D.tries 7.The teacher asked us to our papers before handing them in. A.check B.checking C.checked D.checks 8.It's important to yourself when you are in a dangerous situation. A.calm B.calming C.calmed D.calms (二)用所给词的适当形式填空（填转化后的词性）（共8小题） 根据句子语境，用括号内单词的适当词性形式填空（注意：可能需作名词、动词或形容词 转化)。 1.The storm caused a lot of (damage)to the crops. 2.Please (water)the plants every morning. 3.His sudden (leave)surprised everyone in the office. 4.The government is trying to_(clean)the polluted river. 5.After the exam,I need a good(rest)to recover. 6.She (shoulder)her bag and walked out of the door. 7.We should respect the (rich)and help the(poor). 8.The bridge (span)the river was built in 1920. (三)篇章语法填空（共10小题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的正确形式（注意：可能需要转换词性）。 Last weekend,I decided to 1.(book)a flight to Shanghai.I wanted to 2. (visit)my grandparents and have a short 3. (break）from schoolwork.After I 4.(pack)my suitcase,I took a taxi to the airport. At the gate,the security guard asked me to 5. (open)my bag for a 6. (check).Everything was fine.During the flight,I read a book about how to 7. (cook)healthy meals.The 8.(smile)of the flight attendant made me feel comfortable.When I arrived,my grandpa gave me a warm 9. (hug).We spent the whole afternoon together.It was a nice 10. (empty)of my mind after the busy week. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.C;3.B;4.A;5.A;6.A;7.A;8.A 选择 (二)用所 给词的适当 1.damage 2.water 3.leave 4.clean 5.rest 6.shouldered 形式填空 7.rich poor 8.spanning (三)篇章 1.book 2.visit 3.break 4.packed 5.open 6.check 7.cook; 语法填空 8.smile 9.hug 10.emptying