Unit 3 The way we are-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修三（沪教版）

Unit 3 The way we are 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：比较级与最高级的修饰表达 女同步语法二：动词-ed形式作状语 语法精讲精练 (一）)基本定义 比较级与最高级的修饰语是用于加强、减弱或限定比较程度与范围的副词、短语或结构。在高 考英语中，它们常出现在语法填空、短文改错及写作中，是表达精确比较关系的核心手段。 (二)核心用法与位置 1.比较级的常见修饰语 修饰语 含义与用法 例句 much/far/a This problem is far more lot /a great 表程度“大得多”，加强比较级 difficult than that one. deal a little /a bit Could you speak a little 表程度“稍微”，减弱比较级 slightly louder? even still The second method is even 表“更加”，强调递进 yet more efficient. He is no taller than me. no 表“并不比…更”，常含否定意味 人都不高) any 用于否定句或疑问句，表“丝毫” I can't run any faster. The weather is rather rather 表“相当”，常用于口语 colder than expected. 倍数词(twice/ 表倍数关系，结构为倍数+as+原级 This room is three times three times +as或倍数+比较级+than larger than that one ) 位置规则：绝大多数修饰语直接放在比较级前面；但enough放在比较级后面（如good enough,但此较级中很少用)；no也放在比较级前。 2.最高级的常见修饰语 修饰语 含义与用法 例句 表“显然，毫无疑问”，可 This is by far the best solution.This is by far 放最高级前或后 the best solution by far. 表“正是，极其”，强调最 the very 高级 She is the very greatest pianist alive. 序数词(second third ... 表顺序，放在the之前 He is the second tallest boy in the class. almost 表“几乎”，接近最高级 This is almost the worst performance nearly I've seen. 表“并非完全”，否定最高 not quite It's not quite the most expensive hotel. 级 She is by no means the most careful by no means 表“绝不”，否定最高级 worker. 位置规则：by far可前可后；序数词必须放在the之前；其他修饰语一般放在the之前 (the very best→very紧贴the), (三)核心含义区分 1.程度加强型修饰语：much,far,alot,even,still,by far Q例句：This task is much more challenging than the previous one,(难度大得 多) 2.程度减弱型修饰语：a little,abit,slightly,almost O例句：The new plan is slightly better than the old one.(只稍微好-点) 3.否定/疑问型修饰语：no,any,not quite,by no means O例句：I have no more money to spend.（-点也没了) ②例句：Is this coat any warmer than that one?(疑问句中用any） 4.顺序倍数型结构：序数词+最高级；倍数+比较级/原级 ②例句：Mount Qomolangma is the third highest mountain in the world?(注 意，实际上是最高，此处仅为示例) O例句：This box is twice as heavy as that one. (四)易错点与高频考点（高考必考） 1.very不能修饰比较级，只能修饰原级或最高级(very good/the very best)。 X very better-→√much better 2.any修饰比较级时只能用于否定句或疑问句，肯定句中用some或不用。 Do you feel any better today? X I feel any better.→√I feel much better, 3.no+比较级+than结构表示“两者都不..”（与not+比较级+than含义不同）。 ⑧例句：He is no richer than I,(他和我-样穷) 对比：He is not richer than,(他并不比我富，可能比我穷或一样) 4.比较级+than any other+单数名词表示最高级含义。 ⑧例句：He runs faster than any other student in the class,=He runs(the)fastest in the class. 5.the+比较级，the+比较级结构（越..越...…）中，修饰语不能用于第一个the后 的比较级前（但可用ever等少数词）。 The more you practice,the better you will become. X The much more you practice,the better you will become. 6.最高级的冠词the并非总可省略：当形容词最高级作定语且被修饰名词不明确时，the不 可省；若作表语且非特指，可省略。 Q例句：She is(the)happiest when she reads, (省略) @例句：She is the happiest girl I know.(必用) (五)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.考查比较级修饰语的选择 例句：This plan is more practical than the old one.(A.very B.far C. plenty D.many) 2.考查最高级修饰语的位置与形式 A.by far the B.the by far C.the very D.very the) 3.考查no与not修饰比较级时的语义差异 例句：Heis better at math than Tom;they both struggle.(A.no B.not C.any D.much) 4.考查倍数表达的正确结构 例句：This bridge is that one.(A.three times longer as B.three times as long as C.as three times long as D.longer three times than) 5.考查序数词修饰最高级的语序 例句：Shanghai is largest city in China.(A.the second B.second the C. the two D.a second) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.This year's exam is more difficult than last year's A.very B.far C.many D.a lot of 2.Of all the candidates,Jane is most qualified person for the position. A.a B.the C.by far D.the by far 3.Could you explain it clearly?I still don't understand. A.more B.even more C.much more D.any more 4.The new method is efficient than the old one;they are equally slow. A.no more B.not more C.much more D.any more 5.This mountain is highest in this region,but not the world. A.the second B.second the C.the two D.a second 6.He speaks English than his brother,but he writes much better. A.not so fluent B.far less fluently C.more fluently D.a little fluently 7.-Do you feel better now?-Yes,much better. A.any B.some C.no D.very 8.The population of this city is that of the neighboring one A.three times as big as B.three times bigger than C.as three times big as D.both A and B 9.This is worst film I have ever seen;I fell asleep halfway. A.by far the B.the by far C.the most D.a most 10.The more you read, you will become. A.the more knowledgeable B.the much more knowledgeable C.the knowledgeable more D.more knowledgeable (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句意，从方框中选择合适的修饰语（每个限用一次）填入空白，注意形式。 much far a little even no any by far the very 1.This year's performance is better than last year's;we have made great progress. 2.The problem is more complicated than I thought;we need more time 3.She is most intelligent student in the class;her grades are outstanding. 4.I can't walk farther;I need to rest. 5.He is taller than his brother;they are almost the same height.(表否定) 6.The new bridge is longer than the old one;it stretches an extra kilometer. 7.This is most dangerous road in the country;accidents happen frequently. 8.Could you speak louder?I can barely hear you. (三)篇章语法填空(12空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的修饰语（每个空可能需填1-2个词），或者用所给形容词/副 词的比较级或最高级形式填空，使短文通顺、合理。 When it comes to choosing a university,students often compare several factors. Some believe that reputation is 1. (important)factor,but others argue that location matters 2 (much)than reputation.In fact,a university with 3. (good)facilities may be 4.(attractive)than one with only a famous name. For example,University A is 5. (far)larger than University B,but its tuition is 6. (high)as well.University B,on the other hand,is 7.(little) competitive,yet its graduates earn 8.(almost)the same salaries as those from University A.Interestingly,the 9. (expensive)university is not always 10. (best)choice.In a recent survey,students ranked "campus environment"as 11. (second)important factor after "teaching quality". Therefore,applicants should consider 12. (many)factors than just fame before making a decision. 三、参考答案 (一）单项 选择 1.B;2.B;3.D;4.A;5.A;6.B;7.A;8.D;9.A;10.A (二)用所 1.much far 2.even much 3.the very 4.any 5.no 6.far much 给词的适当 7.by far 8.a little 形式填空 (三)篇章 1.the most important 2.more 3.better;4.more attractive 5.far 语法填空 much);6.higher;7.less 8.almost 9.most expensive 10.the best; 11.the second 12.more 章 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 过去分词(-d形式)作状语，是高考英语非谓语动词考查中的高频考点，主要用于修饰 谓语动词，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随等状况。其逻辑主语通 常为句子的主语，且主语与过去分词之间为被动关系或完成关系。 (二)核心用法与位置 过去分词作状语，通常位于句首或句末，也可置于句中（用逗号隔开），其功能相当于一 个状语从句。根据表达含义的不同，可分为以下几种情况： 状语 含义 位置 例句 类型 示例 表示动作发生的时间（常与 Seen from the hill,the city looks 时间 句 before,after,when,while 状语 首 magnificent.(从山上看，这座城市看起 连用) 句未 来非常壮观。) 表示动作发生的原因（相当于 原因 Deeply moved by the story,the because/since+主语+be 句首 状语 boy couldn't help crying.(被故事深深 +过去分词) 打动，男孩忍不住哭了起来。) 条件 Given more time,we could finish 表示动作发生的条件（相当于 句首 the task better.(如果给更多时间，我们 状语 if+主语+be+过去分词) 能更好地完成任务。) 让步 表示尽管（相当于 句首 Defeated many times,he never 状语 although/even though+ gave up,(尽管被打败多次，他从未放 语+be+过去分词) 弃。) 方式/ 句 The teacher entered the classroom, 表示与谓语动作同时发生的伴 伴随 未/ 状语 随状态 followed by a group of students 句中 (老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生。) (三)核心含义区分 1.表被动：主语是动作的承受者（最核心考点) 例：Asked about his plan,he kept silent.(被问及他的计划时，他保持沉 默。) 分析：主语he与ask之间为被动关系(he was asked) 2.表完成：动作已经发生（少数不及物动词的过去分词，如fallen,gone,arrived, grown等) 例：Arrived at the airport,she found the flight had taken off.(到达机场 后，她发现航班已经起飞。) 分析：arrive为不及物动词，其过去分词只表完成，不表被动 3.表状态：强调主语所处的状态 例：Lost in thought,he didn't notice the noise..(陷入沉思，他没有注意到 噪音。) 分析：Iost表示“迷失的”状态，主语he处于这种状态 (四)过去分词作状语Vs现在分词作状语（高考必考点） 两者的核心区别体现在逻辑关系上： 对比项 过去分词(done) 现在分词(doing) 逻辑关 主语与分词为被动或完成关系 主语与分词为主动或进行关系 系 含义侧 动作由他人施加于主语，或动作已完成 主语主动发出动作，或动作正在发生 重 示例1 Frightened by the noise,she Hearing the noise,she turned screamed. around. 示例2 Given a map,we found the way Giving a speech,he felt easily. nervous. 易错点：不及物动词的过去分词（如fallen,gone,risen,.arrived等）作状语时，只表 完成，不表被动。 例：Grown up,he still kept the habit of reading.(长大后，他仍保持着阅读 的习惯。) 误区：grow up为不及物动词短语，grown up仅表示“已经长大"这一完成状态， 无被动含义。 (五)高考高频考点总结 1判断逻辑主语的一致性：过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，否则需 用独立主格结构或状语从句。 正确：Seen from the space,the earth looks like a blue ball..(主语the eath与see为被动关系) 错误：Seen from the space,we can see the earth looks like a blue bal. (主语we与see为主动关系，应改为Seeing) 2.区分状语与定语：作状语的过去分词修饰整个谓语或句子；作定语的过去分词修饰具 体名词。 状语：Written in a hurry,the letter had many mistakes.(写得匆忙，这封 信有很多错误。一一修饰整个句子) 定语：The letter written in a hurry had many mistakes.(那封匆忙写的信 有很多错误。一一修饰名词letter） 3.与动词短语的固定搭配：某些及物动词的过去分词已转化为形容词，如ost, interested,excited,surprised等，作状语时表示状态o 例：Lost in the forest,they had to wait for help.(迷失在森林里，他们不得 不等待救援。) 例：Surprised at the news,he dropped the glass.(听到这个消息很惊讶， 他掉了杯子。) 4独立主格结构中的过去分词：当主语不一致时，需保留逻辑主语，形成“名词/代词+ 过去分词”结构。 例：The work done,we went home.(工作完成后，我们回家了。) 例：All the tickets sold out,the concert was cancelled.(所有票卖光后， 演唱会取消了。) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择（10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. from the top of the mountain,the city looks like a beautiful garden. A.Seeing B.Seen C.To see D.Having seen 2. by the beauty of nature,the old man decided to stay here for another week. A.Attracting B.Attracted C.To attract D.Having attracted 3. enough preparation,we lost the game. A.Not making B.Not made C.Not having made D.Having not made 4.The little girl sat in the corner, by her mother. A.comforting B.comforted C.to comfort D.having comforted 5. twice,the letter needs to be rewritten. A.Typing B.Having typed C.Typed D.Being typed 6. from the hospital,he returned to work. A.Discharged B.Discharging C.Being discharged D.To discharge 7. in thought,he almost ran into a tree. A.Losing B.Lost C.To lose D.Having lost 8. more attention,the flowers could grow better. A.Given B.Giving C.To give D.Having given 9.The man stood there, his hands in his pockets. A.crossed B.crossing C.to cross D.having crossed 10. in a traffic accident,the driver was sent to hospital immediately. A.Injuring B.Injured C.To injure D.Being injured (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的适当形式填空（注意区分现在分词和过去分词）。 1. (frighten)by the horror film,the girl couldn't fall asleep. 2. (see)from the space,the Great Wall looks like a dragon. 3. (compare)with her sister,she is much more outgoing. 4.The children rushed out,(laugh)and_(shout). 5 (give)a second chance,he would try his best. 6 (arrive)at the station,he found the train had already left. 7. (absorb)in reading,he didn't hear the doorbell. 8. (question)by the police,the man finally told the truth. (三)句子改错(6小题) 下列各句中有一处错误，请指出并改正，将正确的句子写在横线上。 1.Seeing from the top of the tower,the whole city can be seen clearly. 2.Giving more money,they could build a bigger library. 3.Lost in the forest,the rescue team found him after three hours. 4.Deeply touching by the story,she cried for a long time. 5.The old man entered the room,followed closely for his grandson. 6.Compared with last year,the price of vegetables have risen a lot. (四)篇章语法填空（10小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的适当形式。 (1.Encourage)by his teacher,Tom decided to take part in the speech contest. (2.Prepare)carefully for weeks,he felt confident.On the day of the contest, (3.dress)in a suit,he walked onto the stage. (4.Face)with hundreds of audience,he took a deep breath and began his speech.His speech,_(5.base)on his own experience,moved everyone present. (6.Applaud)warmly by the audience,Tom knew he had done a great job.When the result was announced,_(7. surprise)to find himself the winner,he almost jumped with joy.After the contest, (8.interview)by a reporter,Tom said,"(9.Support) by my family and friends,I never gave up." (10.Inspire)by his words,many students decided to pursue their dreams bravely. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.B;2.B;3.C;4.B;5.C;6.A;7.B;8.A;9.B;10.B (二)用所 给词的适当 1.Frightened 2.Seen 3.Compared 4.laughing;shouting 5.Given 6.Arrived 7.Absorbed 8.Questioned 形式填空 (三)句子 l.Seeing→Seen;2.Giving→Given;3.Lost→Having been lost; 改错 4.touching→touched;5.for→by;6.have→has (四)篇章 1.Encouraged 2.Having prepared Prepared 3.dressed 语法填空 4.Faced 5.based 6.Applauded 7.surprised 8.interviewed 9.Supported;10.Inspired