Unit 4 Information Technology-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修二（北师大版）

Unit 4 Information Technology 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 ☆同步语法一：过去将来时 ☆同步语法二：定语从句 语法精讲精练一 (一)基本定义 过去将来时是表示从过去某个时间点看，将要发生或打算要发生的动作或状态。它并不孤立存 在，通常出现在间接引语、宾语从句、特定句型中，是高考语法填空、短文改错、写作中考查 时态呼应的重要考点。 核心要义：过去的"将来"→立足过去，展望"当时还未发生的事"。 (二)核心结构及用法 结构形式 用法说明 例句 表示过去某个时间之后的将来动 would+动词原 He said he would come to the 形 作，常用于间接引语、条件句、主 从复合句 party. was/were ①表示过去某个时间之后的计划、 They were going to start at 8, going to+动词 意图（常可互换would)②表 but it rained.It looked as if it 原形 示"按迹象推测将要发生" was going to snow. was/were 表示"正要做某事"（通常不与具体时 I was about to leave when the about to+动 间状语连用) 词原形 phone rang. was/were to 表示"按计划或安排将要发生"（较正 The meeting was to be held the 动词原形 式，常见于新闻、报道) next day. was/were on She was on the point of the point of 强调"即将做某事的一瞬间” crying. 动名词 √易混点提醒：过去将来时与一般过去时的区别在于"时间参照点"。一般过去时叙述过去发生 的事；过去将来时叙述过去看来"尚未发生"的事。 (三)核心考点详解 1.间接引语中的过去将来时（高考高频） 当主句谓语为过去时，从句中表示"将来"的时态要改为过去将来时。 直接引语：Tom said,"will help you." 间接引语：Tom said that he would help me, 规则：will→would;am/is/are going to→was/were going to 2.was/were going to的特殊用法：未实现的计划 表示"本打算做但实际没做"，常与but连用。 I was going to call you,but I forgot. They were going to build a bridge,but the project was canceled. 3.过去将来时在条件状语从句中的使用 条件句中，主句用过去将来时，从句用一般过去时（表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气）。 If you had come earlier,you would have seen her.(虚拟语气，与过去将来有关 联) ★注意：高考中常将过去将来时与虚拟语气结合考查，如would have done结构。 4.过去将来时Vs过去完成时（时间参照对比） 时态 参照点 动作时间 过去将来时 过去某个点 该点之后（还未发生） 过去完成时 过去某个点 该点之前（已经完成） He said he would finish the work.(他说他会完成，从过去看将来) He said he had finished the work.(他说他已经完成了，从过去看过去) (四)高考高频句式总结（附例句） 1.宾语从句中的时态呼应（主句过去→从句将来变过去将来) She promised that she would never forget me 1.was/were about to..when..(正要做..这时.) We were about to go out when it started raining heavily. 1.was/were going to.but..(本打算..但.) He was going to buy a car but he changed his mind 1.woud用于委婉语气或习惯性动作（过去将来与情态动词结合） Every evening,he would sit by the window and think. (过去习惯，注意不是将来) √易错点：woud既可表示"过去将来"，也可表示"过去习惯"；注意上下文判断。 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(8小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. the project on time,the staff worked day and night. A.Finishing B.To finish C.Finished D.Having finished 2.The reason he was late for class was that he got stuck in a traffic jam. A.because B.which C.why D.that 3.With so many problems _the manager felt very anxious. A.solved B.to solve C.solving D.being solved 4.It is essential that every student the school rules A.obey B.obeys C.will obey D.obeyed 5.The teacher asked us noise in class. A.don't make B.not to make C.not making D.to not make 6. the assignment,he decided to go to the cinema. A.Finishing B.Finished C.Having finished D.To finish 7.The scientist the experiment will give us a lecture tomorrow. A.in charge of B.in the charge of C.charged with D.charging 8.The number of people from the earthquake has reached 1000. A.suffering B.suffered C.suffer D.to suffer (二)用所给动词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的过去将来时形式（或相关结构）填空。 1.The (frustrate)look on his face suggested that he had failed the test. 2.I can't imagine (live)in such a noisy place. 3.The castle (date)back to the 12th century is well preserved 4.The problem (discuss)now is about environmental protection. 5.His (come)late made the teacher angry. 6.The boy (name)after his grandfather is very clever. 7.She was seen (enter)the library with a book. 8.The (break)glass should be cleaned up immediately. (三)篇章语法填空(10小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给词的正确形式。 Last week,Tom told me that he 1. (travel)to Japan the following month.He said that he 2.(take)many photos and 3.(send)them to me. However,a sudden outbreak of the disease changed his plan.He 4.(go)to Tokyo,but the flight was canceled.Instead,he decided to stay at home. One day,he was about 5.(leave)for the supermarket when it began to rain heavily.He thought he 6.(wait)for the rain to stop.While waiting,he recalled that his mother 7.(teach)him how to cook during the holiday.He smiled and thought that he 8.(try)to make a meal for himself. The next day,he wrote me an email saying that he 9. (not give up)his dream trip.He promised that he 10 (visit)me once everything got better. 三、参考答案 (一）单项 选择 1.B;2.A;3.C;4.A;5.B;6.C;7.A;8.B 1.would be introduced was going to be introduced);2.would not (二)用所 come 3.were going to start would start);4.was going to meet 给动词的适 would meet);5.was about to stop 6.would be completed was 当形式填空 going to be completed);7.was going to call was about to call); 8.would be 1.would travel was going to travel);2.would take was going to take);3.would send was going to send);4.was going to go (三)篇章 would go);5.to leave(固定搭配be about to do);6.would wait(或was 语法填空 going to wait);7.had taught(注意：这里不是过去将来，而是过去完成时一一 回忆过去已发生的事)；8.would try(或was going to try);9.would not give up was not going to give up);10.would visit was going to visit) 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 定语从句(Attributive Clause)在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词（先行词），相当于形 容词的作用。定语从句由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导，关系词在从句中充当成分 (主语、宾语、定语、状语等)，并连接主句和从句。定语从句是高考语法填空、短文改 错、阅读理解及写作中的核心考点。 (二)核心用法与位置 定语从句必须后置，即位于被修饰的先行词之后。关系词的选择取决于先行词在从句中充 当的成分和先行词的指代类型（人物/时间/地点/原因等)。 关系 词类 关系词 先行词 在从句中的作用 例句 型 关系 who 主语、宾语（可省） The girl who is singing is my 代词 sister. 宾语（可省，正式 The man whom you met is a whom 人 文体不可省) doctor. The book which I bought which物 主语、宾语（可省） yesterday is interesting. The house that we live in is that 人/物 主语、宾语（可省） old. The boy whose mother is a whose 人/物 定语（“谁的.”) teacher studies hard 整个句 As is known to all,the earth as 子/such..as 主语、宾语 goes around the sun. 关系 I remember the day when I when 副词 时间 时间状语 first came here. This is the school where l where 地点 地点状语 studied. The reason why he was late why 原因 原因状语 is not clear. (三）)核心含义区分 1.限制性定语从句Vs非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句：对先行词进行限定，去掉后句子意思不完整。不用逗号隔开。 例：Students who are lazy will fail the exam.('“懒惰的学生"是限定范围) 非限制性定语从句：对先行词补充说明，去掉后主句意思仍完整。用逗号隔开。 例：My sister,who is a teacher,loves her students.('“我姐姐是老师'是补 充信息) ★高考考点：非限制性定语从句中不能用that;关系代词不可省略。 2.关系代词Vs关系副词的选择 先行词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语用关系代词 先行词在从句中作状语→用关系副词 判断方法：将先行词代入从句后，若需要介词于能成立，则用关系副词。 例：This is the factory where we work.(work in the factory→需介词in, 故用where) 例：This is the factory which we visited.(visited the factory→直接作宾 语，故用which) 3.介词+关系代词 常用于正式文体，关系代词只能用which(物)或whom(人)，不能用that。 介词的选择取决于动词短语或先行词的习惯搭配。 The man to whom you spoke is my uncle.(speak to sb.) The pen with which he wrote is lost.(write with a pen) 4.as引导的定语从句 as常用于such..as/the same.as结构中，或引导非限制性定语从句（位置灵 活，可放句首/句中/句末)。 例：Such books as you bought are popular..(as在定语从句中作宾语) 例：As we all know,practice makes perfect.(as指代整个主句) (四)易错点与高考高频考点 1.that与which的区别 只用that的情况：先行词被序数词、最高级、不定代词(all,much,little, everything等)修饰；先行词既有人又有物。 只用which的情况：非限制性定语从句；介词后。 2.关系副词when/where与“介词+which"的互换 when in/on/at which where in/on/at which why for which 3.the way后的定语从句 the way作先行词后，关系词常用in which或that,也可省略。 例：Idon't like the way in which he talks.(或the way that/省略) 4.不规则关系词拼写：whose不能随意替换成who's;which不可写作wicho 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择（10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The teacher teaches us English is very humorous. A.which B.whom C.who D.what 2.The factory my father worked has been closed. A.where B.that C.which D.in that 3.Do you know the reason he was absent yesterday? A.that B.which C.why D.for that 4.I will never forget the day we spent together in the countryside. A.when B.on which C.which D.in which 5.The book, cover is broken,belongs to Mary. A.which B.that C.whose D.of which 6.This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. A.which B.that C.what D.as 7.He is the only one of the students been to Beijing A.who have B.that have C.who has D.which has 8.The man you spoke to just now is a famous writer. A.whom B.which C.what D.whose 9. is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month. A.It B.As C.That D.What 10.I've bought the same dress she is wearing A.as B.that C.which D.than (二)用适当的关系词填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，填入正确的关系代词或关系副词。 1.The girl you saw at the party is my cousin. 2.This is the park we often play football. 3.I still remember the year the earthquake happened 4.The reason he gave for being late was unbelievable. 5.The woman house was destroyed in the fire is crying. 6.He is such a kind person everyone respects him. 7.The pen I wrote the letter is missing. 8.The company_ Mr.Wang is in charge of has a long history. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词（关系代词或关系副词）。 Last month,I visited a museum 1. was built in the 19th century.It is a place 2.you can learn a lot about ancient history.The guide, 3. name is Lisa,told us many stories.She showed us a collection of paintings,most of 4. were created by local artists.We also saw a room 5. the kings used to hold meetings.The reason 6. this room is special is that it has a secret passage.After the tour,we talked with a foreigner 7.__we met at the entrance.He told us about the books ⊙ he had read about the museum.Later,we visited an old library 9 books dating back 200 years were kept.The librarian,10. knowledge impressed us,gave us a tour.We even found a diary 11.. writer was a famous explorer.The whole experience was wonderful, 12. made us want to come again. 三、参考答案 (一)单项选择 1.C;2.A;3.C;4.C;5.C;6.B;7.C;8.A;9.B;10.A (二)用适当的 1.who/that/whom 2.where 3.when 4.that/which 5.whose 关系词填空 6.as 7.with which/that 8.that/which (三)篇章语法 1.which/that 2.where 3.whose 4.which 5.where/in which 6.why 7.who/whom/that 8.that/which 9.where/in which 填空 10.whose 11.whose 12.which