精品解析：湖南株洲市第二中学2023-2024学年下学期高二年级期末考试英语

株洲市二中2024年下学期高二年级期末考试试卷 英语试题 时量：120分钟 分值：150分 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．Which place will the man go to first? A．A gym. B．His office. C．A park. 2．What does the man suggest the woman do? A．Get plenty of sleep. B．Have more exercise. C．Be careful with her diet. 3．Where does the conversation probably take place? A．In a café. B．In a hotel. C．At the airport. 4．Who cleans the man’s home? A．The man’s sister. B．A cleaner. C．The man himself. 5．What are the speakers talking about? A．A football game. B．A famous player. C．A top team. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回6、7题。 6．What will the speakers do tomorrow? A．Perform on stage. B．Buy new clothes. C．Hold a party. 7．What does the woman want? A．A Coke. B．Chocolate. C．Some water. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8．What is the woman’s main issue now? A．She left the man’s gift at home. B．She hasn’t made any plans for the holidays. C．She doesn’t know what to buy for the man. 9．Where will the speakers probably spend New Year’s Day? A．In Miami. B．In Chicago. C．In Boston. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10．Why is Lucy in the classroom? A．She is looking for a book. B．She wants a place to study. C．She is waiting for the man. 11．What does the man expect in Lucy’s article? A．More details. B．A bigger subject. C．A simpler topic. 12．How does Lucy probably feel at the end? A．Worried. B．Relieved. C．Confused. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13．What is the relationship between the speakers? A．Husband and wife. B．Salesman and customer. C．Repairman and customer. 14．How much will the woman pay for the 60 inch TV? A．$800. B．$900. C．$1000. 15．What will the man do with the old TV? A．Recycle it. B．Sell it. C．Repair it. 16．What is special about all the man’s TVs? A．They have the fewest parts. B．They go with free speakers. C．They have high-quality screens. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17．What is the speaker doing? A．Selling her new book. B．Sharing her story at former college. C．Encouraging people to protect the environment. 18．What inspired the speaker to move away from home? A．A research paper. B．A science class. C．The love for nature. 19．How many years was the speaker in the Amazon? A．Two. B．Three. C．Five. 20．What does the speaker remind the audience? A．Nothing is impossible. B．Interest is the best teacher. C．Travelling shapes a better self. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 A Discover a world of diverse sports activities and exciting experiences. Rafting Together with a maximum of 12 people, you step into an inflatable raft (充气筏) and brave the waves of the North Sea. The raft is piloted by an experienced instructor who takes you on an impressive trip along the coast. After the short explanation by the instructor, it’s up to you to master the waves. Only by working together as a team can you succeed in your adventure. Price: €35 pp (per person) Duration: 2 hours Number: 10-50 people Curling Curling (冰壶) is a precision sport played on the ice. The goal is to slide stones across the ice to a target area and get it as close as possible to the center while at the same time trying to displace the opponent’s stones. The stone has a special shape with one side flat and the other rounded. This allows the stones to turn while sliding over the ice, which is called the “curl”. Price: €67.5pp Duration: 1 hour Number: 10-100 people Surfing Ever thought surfing is too hard? Welcome to your first surf lesson, where fun and various experiences are guaranteed. Surfing in Scheveningen is fun and everyone can learn it. During this course, you can learn the basics of surfing under the guidance of experienced instructors. A unique and sporty afternoon full of fun awaits! Price: €10.5pp Duration: 1 hour Number: 10-50 people Bubble football Bubble football is a sport where people sit in a large, inflated ball. Two or more teams compete against each other. In bubble football, everything is allowed. Make it as difficult as possible for your opponent by knocking them out of the field or colliding (碰撞) with them and sending them flying. Can you win? Or better: Will you manage to stay standing? Price: €15 pp Duration: 1 hour Number: 10-100 people 1. How is rafting different from the other activities? A. It requires teamwork. B. It lasts the longest. C. It needs no guidance. D. It is done out at sea. 2. What can participants get from a surfing course? A. Advanced surfing skills. B. Instruction in strength training. C. An improved sense of competition. D. Enjoyment from various experiences. 3. In which activity do the participants have strong physical contact? A. Rafting. B. Curling. C. Bubble football. D. Surfing. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四种不同的体育活动。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Rafting部分中“Duration: 2 hours(时长：2小时)”、 Curling部分中“Duration: 1 hours(时长：1小时)”、 Surfing部分中“Duration: 1 hours(时长：1小时)”和 Bubble football部分中“Duration: 1 hours(时长：1小时)”可知，漂流的持续时间是最长，与其它项目不同。故选B项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Surfing部分中“Welcome to your first surf lesson, where fun and various experiences are guaranteed.(欢迎来到你的第一节冲浪课，在这里，乐趣和各种体验都是有保证的)”可知，参与者可以从冲浪课程中获得各种有趣的体验。故选D项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Bubble football部分中“Bubble football is a sport where people sit in a large, inflated ball. Two or more teams compete against each other. In bubble football, everything is allowed. Make it as difficult as possible for your opponent by knocking them out of the field or colliding (碰撞) with them and sending them flying.(泡泡足球是一种人们坐在一个大充气球里的运动。两个或更多的队伍相互竞争。在泡泡足球中，一切都允许。通过把对手撞出场外或与对手相撞并把他们撞飞，来尽可能地给对手制造困难)”可知，在泡泡足球中，参与者会有强烈的身体接触。故选C项。 B For Li Donglin, an 18-year-old senior high school student, this past summer was all about cultural relics sites. He joined the cultural relics census (普查) team in Huanghua, Hebei, becoming its youngest member. This census, which is part of the fourth national cultural relics census starting in November 2023 and set to end by June 2026, aims to have a better knowledge of the conditions of cultural heritage sites that cannot be moved, including ancient sites and tombs across the country. Li’s love for cultural relics began at an early age. Since childhood, he has enjoyed collecting things and now has over 100 cultural artifacts (文物). Apart from collecting, Li also has restored many artifacts, improving this skill by learning from all kinds of sources. Despite his strong connection to ancient artifacts, this was his first time taking part in a cultural relics census. “I first thought that the census was just about visiting sites and doing a simple investigation,” Li told Teens. However, the census work turned out to be quite challenging. To provide a better description of the ancient village site in Changguo Town in Huanghua, the team had to walk a long way to work out the site’s boundaries. In the hot summer sun, Li made his way through overgrown corn fields to establish the boundaries in all directions, often walking up to 30,000 steps per day. During these walks, he also needed to do some digging. “After digging, we examined the soil samples to find any signs of cultural relics,” Li said. “This step is key to making sure we get the boundaries right and don’t miss any relics.” Then, the team used special equipment to figure out the site’s total area. “It is hard work, but being able to describe each site more accurately so that each site receives the most protection makes us very happy,” Li said. Looking ahead, Li wants to major in cultural relics and archaeology in college. “I hope that through my professional learning, I can make great contributions to the archaeological work in my hometown,” Li said. 4. What is the purpose of the fourth national cultural relics census? A. To comprehensively repair and preserve ancient relics. B. To systematically gather various relics for exhibitions. C. To effectively boost local economies via relics tourism. D. To understand the conditions of immovable cultural heritage sites. 5. What made Li Donglin qualified to participate in the census? A. His strong will to bear hardships. B. His excellent physical condition for fieldwork. C. His long-standing love and experience of cultural artifacts. D. His profound familiarity with the local area in Huanghua. 6. What were challenging tasks in the cultural relics survey work? A. Analyzing and categorizing soil samples. B. Defining boundaries and measuring areas. C. Visiting and recording cultural relics sites. D. Operating and maintaining special equipment. 7. What can be inferred from Li Donglin’s census experience? A. The work of cultural relics census is simple and engaging. B. Only professional people can do cultural relics census work well. C. The census experience has strengthened Li’s passion for cultural relics work. D. Cultural relics census work is of little significance for cultural relics protection. 【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了18岁高中生李东林利用暑假加入河北黄骅市第四次全国文物普查团队，成为最年轻普查员的经历。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“This census, which is part of the fourth national cultural relics census starting in November 2023 and set to end by June 2026, aims to have a better knowledge of the conditions of cultural heritage sites that cannot be moved, including ancient sites and tombs across the country. (这次普查是于2023年11月启动、计划于2026年6月结束的第四次全国文物普查的一部分，旨在更好地了解全国范围内包括古代遗址和古墓在内的不可移动文化遗产的状况。)”可知，第四次全国文物普查的目的是了解不可移动文化遗产的状况。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段的句子“Li’s love for cultural relics began at an early age. Since childhood, he has enjoyed collecting things and now has over 100 cultural artifacts (文物). Apart from collecting, Li also has restored many artifacts, improving this skill by learning from all kinds of sources. (李对文物的热爱始于幼年。从小他就喜欢收集东西，现在已经有100多件文物了。除了收集，李还修复了许多文物，通过向各种渠道学习提高了这项技能。)”可知，正是他长期以来对文物的热爱以及在收藏和修复方面的丰富经验，使他具备了参与普查的资格。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“To provide a better description of the ancient village site in Changguo Town in Huanghua, the team had to walk a long way to work out the site’s boundaries. (为了更好地描述黄骅市常郭镇的古村落遗址，团队不得不走很远的路来确定遗址的边界。)”以及“Then, the team used special equipment to figure out the site’s total area. (然后，团队使用特殊设备来确定遗址的总面积。)”可知，文物调查工作中具有挑战性的任务是界定边界和测量面积。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“It is hard work, but being able to describe each site more accurately so that each site receives the most protection makes us very happy. (这是一项艰苦的工作，但能够更准确地描述每个遗址，以便每个遗址都能得到最大程度的保护，这让我们非常高兴。)”以及“Looking ahead, Li wants to major in cultural relics and archaeology in college. (展望未来，李想在大学主修文物和考古专业。)”可知，尽管普查工作很艰苦，但李从中获得了成就感并坚定了未来从事相关专业的决心，由此可推断这次普查经历加深了他对文物工作的热爱。 C A whale calf washed ashore in Georgia, on America’s east coast, bearing slash marks characteristic of a ship’s propeller (螺旋桨). Another whale, a mother, was found floating off the coast of Virginia. Her back was broken due to a ship collision. They are dying mainly because of human activity. Ship collisions threaten whale populations worldwide, killing up to 20,000 individuals annually. With global ocean traffic forecast to rise by at least 240% by 2050, the problem will be severer. But a new movement is using technology to fight back. A Californian strike-prevention program expanded operations across North American waters. Whale Safe was launched in 2020, after the number of whales killed by collisions in California reached a record high of 14. Callie Leiphardt, the scientist leading the project at the Benioff Ocean Science Laboratory, says that for every whale found dead, ten more are thought to die unrecorded. That so many were dying despite voluntary speed limits suggested more interventions (干预) were needed. The team reasoned that by alerting ships to whales, and publicizing which shipping companies ignored the speed limit, they might increase obedience and bring down deaths. Their approach rests on listening for whales underwater using microphone-equipped buoys (浮标) capable of separating low-frequency whale calls from the ocean’s background noise. Screened detection results are then fed into Whale Safe’s alert tool, alongside sightings and model-based predictions, to tell nearby skippers to slow down. The team then monitors ships’ speeds within established slow zones via a widespread GPS-tracking system and awards parent companies marks from A to F, visible online. With this week’s expansion to the east coast, Whale Safe will assess companies across all slow zones in North America. How many whales have been saved is hard to say. But since Whale Safe was first launched, the collisions in California have been decreasing: Only four were reported in 2022, compared with 11 the year before. In the Santa Barbara Channel, a collision hot spot, the proportion of ships that slow down has also been rising — from 46% in 2019 to 63.5% in 2023. 8. What mainly causes whale deaths? A. Natural predators. B. Diseases and infections. C. Human fishing activities. D. Human-related ship crash. 9. What can be inferred about voluntary speed limits? A. They were insufficient for the protection of whales. B. They were merely temporary measures put in place. C. They were so strict that they were difficult to follow. D. They were expected to prevent all possible collisions. 10. How does Whale Safe’s monitoring system impact shipping behavior? A. By separating whales from sea noises. B. By sending warnings and tracking speed. C. By relying on official regulations and aid. D. By shifting responsibility to the companies. 11. What is the best title for the passage? A. GPS Tracking: Relevant to Whale Conservation B. Whale Safe: Protecting Whales From Ship Collisions C. The Collision of Technology and Wildlife Protection D. The Whale Safe Program Removes All Whale Accidents 【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了为解决船只碰撞导致鲸鱼死亡的问题，名为“鲸鱼安全”的防鲸鱼碰撞项目通过技术手段干预船只航行，减少鲸鱼因船只碰撞死亡的情况，目前该项目已取得一定成效并将业务扩展到北美更多海域。  【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They are dying mainly because of human activity. Ship collisions threaten whale populations worldwide, killing up to 20,000 individuals annually. (它们死亡主要是因为人类活动。船只碰撞威胁着全球的鲸鱼种群，每年造成多达2万头鲸鱼死亡。)”可知，和人类活动相关的船只碰撞是鲸鱼死亡的主要原因。  【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“That so many were dying despite voluntary speed limits suggested more interventions (干预) were needed. (尽管有自愿限速规定，仍有如此多的鲸鱼死亡，这表明需要更多的干预措施。)”可推知，仅靠自愿限速不足以保护鲸鱼。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Screened detection results are then fed into Whale Safe’s alert tool, alongside sightings and model-based predictions, to tell nearby skippers to slow down. The team then monitors ships’ speeds within established slow zones via a widespread GPS-tracking system and awards parent companies marks from A to F, visible online. (经过筛选的检测结果会与目击记录、基于模型的预测一同输入‘鲸鱼安全’的警报工具，告知附近的船长减速。之后该团队通过广泛的GPS追踪系统监测船只在既定减速区域内的速度，并给对应航运母公司评定A至F等级，评级结果可在网上查看。)”可推知，“鲸鱼安全”是通过发送警报和追踪船只速度来影响航运行为的。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“But since Whale Safe was first launched, the collisions in California have been decreasing: Only four were reported in 2022, compared with 11 the year before. (但自‘鲸鱼安全’首次启动以来，加利福尼亚州的碰撞事件一直在减少：2022年仅报告了4起，而前一年为11起。)”并通读全文可知，文章围绕“鲸鱼安全”这个项目展开，介绍了它的诞生背景、运行方式以及它在避免鲸鱼遭遇船只碰撞、保护鲸鱼方面起到的作用，B选项“Whale Safe: Protecting Whales From Ship Collisions (鲸鱼安全计划：保护鲸鱼免遭船舶撞击)”最贴合全文核心内容，适合作为文章标题。 D Over 100 years ago, Alexander Graham Bell asked the readers to do something brave and fresh — “to found a new science”. He pointed out that sciences based on the measurement of sound and light already existed. But there was no science of odor (气味). Bell asked his readers to “measure a smell”. Today, smart phones provide impressive built-in capabilities based on the sciences of sound and light: voice assistants, facial recognition and photo improvement. The science of odor does not offer anything comparable. But that situation is changing, as advances in machine smell, also called “digitized smell”, are finally answering Bell’s call to action. Whereas human vision mainly relies on cells in the retina (视网膜), smell is experienced through about 400 types of cells in the nose. Machine smell starts with sensors that detect and identify molecules (分子) in the air. These sensors serve the same purpose as the cells in your nose. But to be useful to people, machine smell needs to go a step further. The system needs to know what a certain molecule or a set of molecules smells like to a human. So the challenge is formidable. For that, machine smell needs machine learning. Machine learning studies the words humans tend to use to describe what they experience when they encounter specific odor-causing things. However, the web has an unimaginably huge amount of audio, image and video content that can be used to train artificial intelligence systems that recognize sounds and pictures. Most people cannot describe smells in words as effortlessly and recognizably as they can describe sights and sounds. So researchers weren’t able to train really powerful machine learning models. However, things started to change in 2015 when researchers launched the DREAM Smell Prediction Challenge. The competition released data collected by Andreas Keller and Leslie Vosshall, and invited teams from around the world to submit their machine learning models. By 2019, the largest datasets had grown from less than 500 molecules in the DREAM challenge to about 5,000 molecules. Such progress in unlocking the code of smell is not only exciting but also has highly promising applications, including personalized odor, early detection of disease, and more realistic augmented reality (增强现实技术) experiences. The future of machine smell looks bright. It also promises to smell good. 12. Why does the author mention Alexander Graham Bell? A. To stress the application of digitalized smell. B. To prove the current progress in machine smell. C. To illustrate Bell’s research into sound and light. D. To offer background information of the science of smell. 13. What does the underlined word “formidable” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Rewarding. B. Demanding. C. Stimulating. D. Confusing. 14. Why is it hard to train smell machine-learning models? A. Because sensors for smell are not advanced enough. B. Because smell-related cells in humans are too complex. C. Because there’s a severe lack of smell-description data. D. Because detecting air molecules for smell is very tough. 15. What is the author’s attitude towards the machine smell? A. Optimistic. B. Doubtful. C. Neutral. D. Contradictory. 【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了气味科学的起源背景、机器嗅觉（数字化嗅觉）的发展挑战、训练相关机器学习模型的难点以及该领域的发展前景。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Over 100 years ago, Alexander Graham Bell asked the readers to do something brave and fresh — “to found a new science”. He pointed out that sciences based on the measurement of sound and light already existed. But there was no science of odor (气味). Bell asked his readers to “measure a smell”. (100多年前，亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔呼吁人们开创一门新科学，他指出，基于声光测量的科学已经存在，但还没有气味科学，贝尔呼吁人们去“测量气味”。)”可知，作者提及贝尔是为了介绍气味科学诞生的相关背景信息。  【13题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“But to be useful to people, machine smell needs to go a step further. The system needs to know what a certain molecule or a set of molecules smells like to a human. So the challenge is formidable. (但要对人类有用，机器嗅觉还需要更进一步，系统需要知晓某一个或某一组分子对人类来说是什么气味。因此这项挑战是formidable。)”可知，机器嗅觉要实现实用的难度很高，由此可推测，formidable意为“要求高的、困难的”，和Demanding意思一致。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Machine learning studies the words humans tend to use to describe what they experience when they encounter specific odor-causing things. However, the web has an unimaginably huge amount of audio, image and video content that can be used to train artificial intelligence systems that recognize sounds and pictures. Most people cannot describe smells in words as effortlessly and recognizably as they can describe sights and sounds. So researchers weren’t able to train really powerful machine learning models. (机器学习研究的是人类在遇到特定气味物质时，倾向于用哪些词汇来描述他们所体验到的感受。然而，网络上拥有数量难以想象庞大的音频、图像和视频内容，可用于训练识别声音和图像的人工智能系统。大多数人无法像描述视觉和声音那样轻松、准确地用文字描述气味，因此研究人员无法训练出真正强大的机器学习模型。)”可知，图像、声音有海量网络素材训练人工智能系统，但人们很难清晰、统一地描述气味，缺少相关数据，因此训练气味机器学习模型困难是因为严重缺乏描述气味的相关数据。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The future of machine smell looks bright. It also promises to smell good. (机器嗅觉的未来看起来十分光明，它的发展前景也十分向好。)”可推知，作者对机器嗅觉持乐观态度。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Improve Debating Skills Debating is a subjective judgment, so debaters may apply different methods at different times. ____16____. They can help you get your points across clearly and effectively, leaving little room for your opponents to question and inspiring responses and participation of the audience. Strategic Arguments Organize your thoughts before you speak. Before you start, think through the chronological order (时间顺序) in which you want to present your statements. Then, start with a powerful statement and support your comments with research and viewpoints from professionals in the field. ____17____. So the listeners and opponents will examine what might happen if they choose not to support your arguments. ____18____ Focus on ways you might improve your body language. Signs of confidence might include a firm standing posture with few movements. Make eye contact with your opponent when possible, but don’t stare him down. Stand straight, so your opponent doesn’t think you’re bored or lazy. Signs of nonconfidence might include running your hands through your hair, touching your face and staring at your notes without looking up or tapping your pencil on the podium. Respectful Tones ____19____. Always avoid whispering, complaining and yelling since they inform others you’re overwhelmed by emotion and can’t present logical arguments. Increase your volume slightly to stress extremely important details. When responding to your opponent’s arguments, use a firm, respectful tone. Opposing Viewpoints Address your opponent’s viewpoints head-on and don’t beat around the bush. Prove to the judges and the audience that you are willing to analyze viewpoints from all angles. You might politely mention flaws in your opponent’s line of reasoning or address factual errors. You can also agree with part of your opponent’s argument. ____20____. On the whole, how to persuade the audience, invoking intelligent responses and enthusiastic participation are debating skills worth mastering. A. Appropriate Gestures. B. Confident Body Language. C. Conclude your argument with convincing details. D. An effective debate is organized, strategic and persuasive. E. However, some skills generally apply to all forms of debate. F. Meanwhile, show ways that the argument doesn’t hold up as a whole. G. Create and maintain a tone that is respectful and easy to listeners’ ears. 【答案】16. E 17. C 18. B 19. G 20. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了提高辩论技巧的几个实用建议。 【16题详解】 根据上文“Debating is a subjective judgment, so debaters may apply different methods at different times.(辩论是一种主观判断，因此辩论者可能在不同的时间使用不同的方法)”以及下文提到一些辩论的技巧，故E项（然而，有些技巧通常适用于所有形式的辩论）承上启下，空后的They指代E项中的some skills，E项符合语境。故选E项。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Before you start, think through the chronological order (时间顺序) in which you want to present your statements. Then, start with a powerful statement and support your comments with research and viewpoints from professionals in the field.(在开始之前，考虑一下你想要按照时间顺序来陈述你的陈述。然后，以强有力的陈述开始，并以该领域专业人士的研究和观点来支持你的评论)”中Before you start和Then可知，此处介绍辩论的过程，设空处应承接上文，且设空处的内容应能引出空后内容，C项（用令人信服的细节结束你的论点）符合语境，设空处及空前内容为空后描述情况发生的前提。故选C项。 【18题详解】 根据本段内容“Focus on ways you might improve your body language. Signs of confidence might include a firm standing posture with few movements. Make eye contact with your opponent when possible, but don’t stare him down. Stand straight, so your opponent doesn’t think you’re bored or lazy. Signs of nonconfidence might include running your hands through your hair, touching your face and staring at your notes without looking up or tapping your pencil on the podium.(关注你可能改善肢体语言的方法。自信的标志可能包括坚定的站立姿势，几乎没有动作。尽可能与你的对手进行眼神交流，但不要盯着他看。站直，这样你的对手就不会觉得你很无聊或懒惰。不自信的表现可能包括用手拨弄头发，摸脸，不抬头盯着笔记，或者在讲台上敲铅笔)”可知，本段介绍在辩论中关注和使用自信的肢体语言并具体介绍了自信的表现和不自信的表现，故B项（自信的肢体语言）最能概括本段主旨，且B项中的Body Language呼应下文中的body language。故选B项。 【19题详解】 根据后文“Always avoid whispering, complaining and yelling since they inform others you’re overwhelmed by emotion and can’t present logical arguments. Increase your volume slightly to stress extremely important details. When responding to your opponent’s arguments, use a firm, respectful tone.(总是避免耳语，抱怨和大喊大叫，因为他们告诉别人你被情绪所淹没，不能提出合乎逻辑的论点。稍微加大音量来强调非常重要的细节。在回应对手的论点时，使用坚定、尊重的语气)”可知，本段主要围绕“尊重的语气”这一主题展开，设空处位于本段段首，一般应能引出话题或概括段落内容，结合本段主要表述的是如何在辩论中通过控制音量和语气来有效地表达观点，强调应避免低声说话抱怨和大喊大叫，而是用坚定且尊重的语气回应对方的论点，G项（运用并保持一种表示敬意的、听者容易接受的语调）是对小标题内容的扩充，能概括本段内容，符合语境。故选G项。 【20题详解】 根据上文“Address your opponent’s viewpoints head-on and don’t beat around the bush. Prove to the judges and the audience that you are willing to analyze viewpoints from all angles. You might politely mention flaws in your opponent’s line of reasoning or address factual errors. You can also agree with part of your opponent’s argument.(正面回应对手的观点，不要拐弯抹角。向评委和观众证明你愿意从各个角度分析观点。你可以礼貌地提到对手推理中的缺陷，或者指出事实错误。你也可以同意对手的部分观点)”可知，上文介绍在辩论时，要直面对方的观点而不是拐弯抹角。向评委和观众证明辩论者愿意从各个角度分析问题，辩论者可以礼貌指出对方推理中的漏洞或纠正对方的事实性错误，也可以同意对方的部分论点，F项（与此同时，要指出该论点整体上站不住脚的地方）承接上文内容，符合语境。故选F项。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When Helena was preparing for applying to business school, one thing terrified her: the Graduate Record Examination (GRE). Overwhelmed by stress, Helena reached out to her sister, Emilia, for ____21____. Emilia had taken the GRE a few years earlier and offered some tips and ____22____ words. She also sent Helena powerful voicemail she’d received at her time of need from a ____23____ at the testing center. Its message ____24____ Helena deeply. She listened to it ____25____ in the week before her exam. “The exam was so ____26____,” she said. “I just really needed to believe in myself that I had the ____27____, the tools and the knowledge for the exam.” The voicemail gave Helena just the ____28____ she needed. With her new-found confidence, her test score went beyond her expectations. In light of her experience, Helena ____29____ the voicemail with her online community. The clicks quickly ____30____ to 6 million, leading the internet to track down the ____31____: 43-year-old Tameka Rooks from Dorchester, Massachusetts, whose kindness ____32____ from a deep sense of understanding. The experience profoundly changed Helena, inspiring her to ____33____ the love and kindness she received. “It’s a ____34____ that our words can have a much bigger impact than we think they do,” she said. “I’m inspired to pay it forward anytime I can: to be nicer and to offer words of ____35____ or help.” 21. A. fun B. support C. expectation D. knowledge 22. A. uplifting B. grateful C. limited D. logical 23. A. colleague B. friend C. relative D. stranger 24. A. shocked B. touched C. confused D. annoyed 25. A. immediately B. patiently C. repeatedly D. rarely 26. A. close B. easy C. boring D. impressive 27. A. visibility B. sensibility C. capabilities D. responsibilities 28. A. boost B. supply C. schedule D. form 29. A. imitated B. recorded C. downloaded D. shared 30. A. contributed B. mounted C. pointed D. dropped 31. A. sender B. reader C. viewer D. manager 32. A. escaped B. suffered C. arose D. differed 33. A. show off B. take in C. hold back D. pass on 34. A. memory B. reminder C. warning D. promise 35. A. commitment B. astonishment C. encouragement D. entertainment 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了Helena在备考GRE时因压力向姐姐求助，受到一条陌生人语音留言的鼓舞而重获自信，并将这份善意传递下去的故事。 【21题详解】 考查名词。句意：在压力的折磨下，Helena向她的姐姐Emilia寻求支持。A. fun乐趣；B. support支持；C. expectation期望；D. knowledge知识。根据上文“Overwhelmed by stress”可知，Helena因压力不堪重负，所以向姐姐寻求帮助和支持。 【22题详解】 考查形容词。句意：Emilia几年前参加过GRE考试，并提供了一些建议和令人振奋的话语。A. uplifting令人振奋的；B. grateful感激的；C. limited有限的；D. logical合乎逻辑的。根据上文“offered some tips”可知，姐姐给了面临压力的Helena一些建议，同时给予鼓励的话语，uplifting words意为“令人振奋的话”，符合语境。 【23题详解】 考查名词。句意：她还发送了一条来自考试中心的一位陌生人的强有力的语音邮件。A. colleague同事；B. friend朋友；C. relative亲戚；D. stranger陌生人。根据第三段中“The clicks quickly ____ to 6 million, leading the internet to track down the ____: 43-year-old Tameka Rooks from Dorchester, Massachusetts, whose kindness ____ from a deep sense of understanding.”可知，全网帮忙才找到发语音的人是Tameka Rooks，与Helena素不相识，因此是陌生人。 【24题详解】 考查动词。句意：它的信息深深地触动了Helena。A. shocked震惊；B. touched触动；C. confused困惑；D. annoyed使恼怒。根据下文“The voicemail gave Helena just the ____ she needed. With her new-found confidence, her test score went beyond her expectations.”可知，语音邮件给了Helena所需的鼓励，让她重获自信，说明她被深深触动了。 【25题详解】 考查副词。句意：她在考试前的一周反复听它。A. immediately立即；B. patiently耐心地；C. repeatedly反复地；D. rarely很少。根据下文“in the week before her exam”以及“The voicemail gave Helena just the ____ she needed.”可知，为了获得信心，她多次、反复地听这条留言。 【26题详解】 考查形容词。句意：她说：“这次考试临近了。”A. close接近的；B. easy容易的；C. boring无聊的；D. impressive印象深刻的。根据上文“in the week before her exam.”可知，考试临近，让她需要自我鼓励。 【27题详解】 考查名词。句意：我只是真的需要相信自己拥有参加考试的能力、工具和知识。A. visibility能见度；B. sensibility敏感性；C. capabilities能力；D. responsibilities责任。根据下文“the tools and the knowledge for the exam”可知，此处指相信自己具备应对考试所需的能力。 【28题详解】 考查名词。句意：语音邮件正好给了Helena所需要的鼓舞。A. boost鼓舞，激励；B. supply供应；C. schedule日程安排；D. form形式。根据下文“With her new-found confidence, her test score went beyond her expectations.”可知，语音邮件增强了她的信心，给了她精神上的鼓舞。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：鉴于她的经历，Helena将这个语音邮件分享给了她的在线社区。A. imitated模仿；B. recorded记录；C. downloaded下载；D. shared分享。根据下文“with her online community”可知，她将语音邮件上传分享到了网上。 【30题详解】 考查动词。句意：点击量迅速增加到600万，促使互联网追踪到发送者：来自马萨诸塞州多切斯特的43岁的Tameka Rooks，其善良源于深刻的理解。A. contributed贡献；B. mounted攀升，逐步增加；C. pointed指向；D. dropped下降。根据下文“to 6 million, leading the internet to track down the ____:”可知，点击量不断增加，达到600万次。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意同上。A. sender发送者，邮寄人；B. reader读者；C. viewer观看者；D. manager经理。根据第二段中“She also sent Helena powerful voicemail she’d received at her time of need from a ____ at the testing center.”以及空后“43-year-old Tameka Rooks”可知，网友们找到了发送这条语音邮件的人。 【32题详解】 考查动词。句意同上。A. escaped (from)从……逃离；B. suffered (from)遭受，因……而受苦；C. arose (from)因……产生，源于；D. differed (from)不同于。根据第二段中“The voicemail gave Helena just the ____ she needed.”以及空后“from a deep sense of understanding”可知，这种善良源自于对他人处境的理解。 【33题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：这段经历深刻地改变了Helena，激励她将收到的爱与善意传递下去。A. show off炫耀；B. take in吸收；C. hold back抑制；D. pass on传递。根据下文“I’m inspired to pay it forward anytime I can”可知，她受到这段经历的启发与激励，决定把自己收到的爱与善意传递下去。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：这提醒我们，我们的话语可能产生比我们想象的大得多的影响。A. memory记忆；B. reminder提醒人的事物；C. warning警告；D. promise承诺。根据下文“our words can have a much bigger impact than we think they do”以及上文所讲的故事可知，Helena自己的这个经历是一个提醒，让人们意识到言语的力量。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：我受到启发，随时将爱心传递下去：变得更友善，并提供鼓励或帮助的话语。A. commitment承诺；B. astonishment惊讶；C. encouragement鼓励；D. entertainment娱乐。根据第二段中“powerful voicemail she’d received at her time of need”可知，她受到陌生人的鼓励，因此也想给别人提供鼓励的话语。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Laos is the only inland country in Southeast Asia, surrounded by China, Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. The China-Laos Railway opened in 2021, ____36____ (run) 1,035 kilometers from Kunming, capital of Yunnan province, China, to Vientiane, the Lao capital. For Teng Hailin, the main distributor of BeerLao in China, the railway ____37____ (address) major issues with cross-border logistics ever since. Before the railway opened, BeerLao products ____38____ (transport) from Vientiane to the border took at least four days to arrive. During the rainy season in Laos, the narrow, winding roads in the mountainous regions were _____39_____ (extreme) muddy, and due to the rough conditions, often beer bottles ____40____ (damage). “Sometimes the trucks even overturned. Now, with the railway, we can transport goods directly from Vientiane to Kunming and distribute them ____41____ supermarkets in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou,” she said. Lao coffee, beer, and hotpot have become a part of the city’s dining scene thanks to the railway link, promoting friendship between the two cities, ____42____ established their sister-cities relationship in 2011. For the people of Laos, the China-Laos Railway is more than just ____43____ high-speed rail line. It’s a game changer, turning Laos from a “landlocked” nation into ____44____ is “land-linked”, marking a historic shift for the country. In 2021, the UN General Assembly passed a ____45____ (resolve) paving the way for Laos to leave its Least Developed Country list by 2026. 【答案】36. running 37. has addressed 38. transported 39. extremely 40. were damaged 41. to 42. which 43. a 44. what 45. resolution 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了中老铁路的开通如何改善跨境物流、促进两地经贸往来与友谊，并推动老挝从“陆锁国”转变为“陆联国”。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：中老铁路于2021年开通，从中国云南省省会昆明至老挝首都万象，全长1035公里。空处作状语，主语The China-Laos Railway与run之间为主动关系，应用现在分词running。 【37题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：对于老挝啤酒在中国的主分销商腾海琳来说，这条铁路自那时起解决了跨境物流的主要问题。根据时间状语ever since可知，本句用现在完成时，主语the railway为单数，助动词用has，address的过去分词为addressed。 【38题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在铁路开通之前，从万象运输到边境的老挝啤酒产品至少需要四天才能到达。空处作后置定语修饰BeerLao products，products与transport之间为被动关系，且表示“已经被运输”，应用过去分词transported。 【39题详解】 考查副词。句意：在老挝的雨季，山区狭窄蜿蜒的道路极其泥泞，并且由于路况恶劣，啤酒瓶经常损坏。空处修饰形容词muddy，应用副词extremely，作状语。 【40题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意同上。空处作谓语，主语beer bottles与damage之间为被动关系，且描述过去经常发生的状况，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were。 【41题详解】 考查介词。句意：现在，有了铁路，我们可以直接从万象运输货物到昆明，并将其分销到北京、上海和广州的超市。distribute...to...为固定搭配，意为“把……分发到……”。 【42题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：由于铁路连接，老挝的咖啡、啤酒和火锅已成为城市餐饮文化的一部分，促进了两座城市的友好关系。两城于2011年建立了姐妹城市关系。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the two cities，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。 【43题详解】 考查冠词。句意：对老挝人民来说，中老铁路不仅仅是一条高速铁路线。空处修饰单数可数名词high-speed rail line，表示泛指“一条”，且high-speed发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 【44题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：它改变了游戏规则，将老挝从一个“内陆”国家变成了一个“陆联”国家。空处引导宾语从句，作介词into的宾语，从句中缺少主语，指事物，应用连接代词what。 【45题详解】 考查名词。句意：2021年，联合国大会通过了一项决议，为老挝在2026年前脱离最不发达国家名单铺平道路。空处作passed的宾语，由a修饰，应用名词resolution，意为“决议”。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节 应用文写作(满分15分) 46. 假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter计划寒假来中国旅游，他希望你推荐一个旅游城市或景点，请给出推荐理由和旅游建议。 注意： 1．词数80—120词； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Peter, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Peter, I’m excited to hear about your plan to travel to China during the winter vacation. I wholeheartedly recommend Xi’an, a city where ancient heritage meets modern vitality. Xi’an boasts a great number of historical wonders. The Terracotta Army, a renowned UNESCO World Heritage Site, is an absolute must-visit. Moreover, the ancient city wall, one of the largest and best-preserved in China, presents a breathtaking panoramic view of the city. You can take a leisurely stroll along it, soaking in the historical atmosphere. Regarding food, Xi’an offers a mouthwatering array of delicacies. Dishes like roujiamo and yangrou paomo are sure to tantalize your taste buds. I’m eagerly anticipating your adventures in Xi’an. Have a safe and memorable journey! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生给计划来中国旅游的英国朋友Peter推荐一个旅游城市或景点。 【详解】1. 词汇积累： 兴奋的：excited → thrilled 著名的：renowned → distinguished 难忘的：memorable → unforgettable 此外：moreover → furthermore 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Xi’an boasts a great number of historical wonders. 拓展句：Xi’an is a city that boasts a great number of historical wonders that have stood the test of time. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I wholeheartedly recommend Xi’an, a city where ancient heritage meets modern vitality.（运用了where引导的定语从句） 【高分句型2】You can take a leisurely stroll along it, soaking in the historical atmosphere.（运用了现在分词soaking作状语） 第二节 读后续写(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 School, school, school. Every day was the same. Harriet felt like she was on a never-ending treadmill (跑步机), going through the motions without any real purpose. She was losing steam, and eventually found herself feeling numb. There was a writing competition she wanted to enter — kind of. She loved writing, but lately, she just couldn’t be bothered. It was as if all her energy had been drained away (耗尽). She stared at the blank page in her notebook, willing the words to come, but they remained hard to find. Then Zoe moved into their class. Everything about her gave off light and energy. From the way she bounced into the classroom to how she slung her backpack over her chair with carefree grace, Harriet was fascinated and desperate to know more about her. Zoe seemed to possess (拥有) an endless supply of vitality (活力), something Harriet sorely lacked. Her chance came during sports class when they were placed on the same running team. Harriet’s heart pounded, not from the exercise, but from the anticipation of finally speaking to Zoe. “Where do you get all your energy from? ” Harriet suddenly said out loud during a break. Zoe smiled mysteriously. “Lie down, ” she said. Confused but curious, Harriet followed Zoe’s lead and lay down on the grass. Next thing she knew, they were both looking up at the white fluffy clouds floating lazily above them. “Isn’t this incredible?” Zoe said, her voice filled with wonder. Harriet looked up, and for the first time in what felt like forever, she really saw the sky. The world suddenly seemed so much bigger and more expansive. The clouds were like giant cotton balls, floating in an endless sea of blue. How could just changing your perspective change so much? “We spend too much time looking down, at our phones, at our feet, but not enough time looking up, ” said Zoe. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请安如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The next day, Harriet woke up and knew exactly what she wanted to do. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Then came the day for the writing competition results. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 The next day, Harriet woke up and knew exactly what she wanted to do. She grabbed her notebook and pen, feeling a renewed sense of excitement. Determined to capture the essence of what Zoe had shown her, she began to write. Harriet wrote about the sky, the clouds, and the feeling of endless possibilities that came with looking up. She poured her heart and soul into her piece, driven by a newfound passion for life and a desire to share it with others. Then came the day for the writing competition results. Harriet stood nervously among her classmates, her heart racing with anticipation. When the announcer read out her name as the winner, she could hardly believe her ears. She had never felt such a rush of joy and pride. As she walked up to receive her prize, she saw Zoe clapping and smiling warmly. She approached Zoe afterwards, gratitude shining in her eyes, and whispered, “Thank you for reminding me to look up and see the beauty in the world.” Zoe simply smiled and nodded, knowing that sometimes, all it takes is a small change in perspective to make a world of difference. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了哈丽特喜欢写作，想参加一个写作比赛，但是苦于没有写作灵感。这时她遇到了佐伊，佐伊充满活力，喜爱自然，带给了哈丽特灵感。于是在佐伊的启发下，哈丽特完成了写作，并且赢得了写作比赛。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“第二天，哈丽特醒来，她清楚地知道自己想做什么”可知，第一段可描写哈丽特开始完成自己的作品的经过。 ②由第二段首句内容“然后是作文比赛结果公布的日子”可知，第二段可描写哈丽特赢得比赛，感谢佐伊。 2.续写线索：哈丽特写作——完成作品——宣布结果——哈丽特获胜——佐伊祝贺——哈丽特感谢 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①抓住：capture/catch ②看到：see/spot ③认识到：know/realize/be aware of 情绪类 ①激动：excitement/thrill ②感激：gratitude/appreciation 【点睛】[高分句型1] Determined to capture the essence of what Zoe had shown her, she began to write. (运用了what引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] Zoe simply smiled and nodded, knowing that sometimes, all it takes is a small change in perspective to make a world of difference. (运用了that引导宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 株洲市二中2024年下学期高二年级期末考试试卷 英语试题 时量：120分钟 分值：150分 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．Which place will the man go to first? A．A gym. B．His office. C．A park. 2．What does the man suggest the woman do? A．Get plenty of sleep. B．Have more exercise. C．Be careful with her diet. 3．Where does the conversation probably take place? A．In a café. B．In a hotel. C．At the airport. 4．Who cleans the man’s home? A．The man’s sister. B．A cleaner. C．The man himself. 5．What are the speakers talking about? A．A football game. B．A famous player. C．A top team. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回6、7题。 6．What will the speakers do tomorrow? A．Perform on stage. B．Buy new clothes. C．Hold a party. 7．What does the woman want? A．A Coke. B．Chocolate. C．Some water. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8．What is the woman’s main issue now? A．She left the man’s gift at home. B．She hasn’t made any plans for the holidays. C．She doesn’t know what to buy for the man. 9．Where will the speakers probably spend New Year’s Day? A．In Miami. B．In Chicago. C．In Boston. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10．Why is Lucy in the classroom? A．She is looking for a book. B．She wants a place to study. C．She is waiting for the man. 11．What does the man expect in Lucy’s article? A．More details. B．A bigger subject. C．A simpler topic. 12．How does Lucy probably feel at the end? A．Worried. B．Relieved. C．Confused. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13．What is the relationship between the speakers? A．Husband and wife. B．Salesman and customer. C．Repairman and customer. 14．How much will the woman pay for the 60 inch TV? A．$800. B．$900. C．$1000. 15．What will the man do with the old TV? A．Recycle it. B．Sell it. C．Repair it. 16．What is special about all the man’s TVs? A．They have the fewest parts. B．They go with free speakers. C．They have high-quality screens. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17．What is the speaker doing? A．Selling her new book. B．Sharing her story at former college. C．Encouraging people to protect the environment. 18．What inspired the speaker to move away from home? A．A research paper. B．A science class. C．The love for nature. 19．How many years was the speaker in the Amazon? A．Two. B．Three. C．Five. 20．What does the speaker remind the audience? A．Nothing is impossible. B．Interest is the best teacher. C．Travelling shapes a better self. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 A Discover a world of diverse sports activities and exciting experiences. Rafting Together with a maximum of 12 people, you step into an inflatable raft (充气筏) and brave the waves of the North Sea. The raft is piloted by an experienced instructor who takes you on an impressive trip along the coast. After the short explanation by the instructor, it’s up to you to master the waves. Only by working together as a team can you succeed in your adventure. Price: €35 pp (per person) Duration: 2 hours Number: 10-50 people Curling Curling (冰壶) is a precision sport played on the ice. The goal is to slide stones across the ice to a target area and get it as close as possible to the center while at the same time trying to displace the opponent’s stones. The stone has a special shape with one side flat and the other rounded. This allows the stones to turn while sliding over the ice, which is called the “curl”. Price: €67.5pp Duration: 1 hour Number: 10-100 people Surfing Ever thought surfing is too hard? Welcome to your first surf lesson, where fun and various experiences are guaranteed. Surfing in Scheveningen is fun and everyone can learn it. During this course, you can learn the basics of surfing under the guidance of experienced instructors. A unique and sporty afternoon full of fun awaits! Price: €10.5pp Duration: 1 hour Number: 10-50 people Bubble football Bubble football is a sport where people sit in a large, inflated ball. Two or more teams compete against each other. In bubble football, everything is allowed. Make it as difficult as possible for your opponent by knocking them out of the field or colliding (碰撞) with them and sending them flying. Can you win? Or better: Will you manage to stay standing? Price: €15 pp Duration: 1 hour Number: 10-100 people 1. How is rafting different from the other activities? A. It requires teamwork. B. It lasts the longest. C. It needs no guidance. D. It is done out at sea. 2. What can participants get from a surfing course? A. Advanced surfing skills. B. Instruction in strength training. C. An improved sense of competition. D. Enjoyment from various experiences. 3. In which activity do the participants have strong physical contact? A. Rafting. B. Curling. C. Bubble football. D. Surfing. B For Li Donglin, an 18-year-old senior high school student, this past summer was all about cultural relics sites. He joined the cultural relics census (普查) team in Huanghua, Hebei, becoming its youngest member. This census, which is part of the fourth national cultural relics census starting in November 2023 and set to end by June 2026, aims to have a better knowledge of the conditions of cultural heritage sites that cannot be moved, including ancient sites and tombs across the country. Li’s love for cultural relics began at an early age. Since childhood, he has enjoyed collecting things and now has over 100 cultural artifacts (文物). Apart from collecting, Li also has restored many artifacts, improving this skill by learning from all kinds of sources. Despite his strong connection to ancient artifacts, this was his first time taking part in a cultural relics census. “I first thought that the census was just about visiting sites and doing a simple investigation,” Li told Teens. However, the census work turned out to be quite challenging. To provide a better description of the ancient village site in Changguo Town in Huanghua, the team had to walk a long way to work out the site’s boundaries. In the hot summer sun, Li made his way through overgrown corn fields to establish the boundaries in all directions, often walking up to 30,000 steps per day. During these walks, he also needed to do some digging. “After digging, we examined the soil samples to find any signs of cultural relics,” Li said. “This step is key to making sure we get the boundaries right and don’t miss any relics.” Then, the team used special equipment to figure out the site’s total area. “It is hard work, but being able to describe each site more accurately so that each site receives the most protection makes us very happy,” Li said. Looking ahead, Li wants to major in cultural relics and archaeology in college. “I hope that through my professional learning, I can make great contributions to the archaeological work in my hometown,” Li said. 4. What is the purpose of the fourth national cultural relics census? A. To comprehensively repair and preserve ancient relics. B. To systematically gather various relics for exhibitions. C. To effectively boost local economies via relics tourism. D. To understand the conditions of immovable cultural heritage sites. 5. What made Li Donglin qualified to participate in the census? A. His strong will to bear hardships. B. His excellent physical condition for fieldwork. C. His long-standing love and experience of cultural artifacts. D. His profound familiarity with the local area in Huanghua. 6. What were challenging tasks in the cultural relics survey work? A. Analyzing and categorizing soil samples. B. Defining boundaries and measuring areas. C. Visiting and recording cultural relics sites. D. Operating and maintaining special equipment. 7. What can be inferred from Li Donglin’s census experience? A. The work of cultural relics census is simple and engaging. B. Only professional people can do cultural relics census work well. C. The census experience has strengthened Li’s passion for cultural relics work. D. Cultural relics census work is of little significance for cultural relics protection. C A whale calf washed ashore in Georgia, on America’s east coast, bearing slash marks characteristic of a ship’s propeller (螺旋桨). Another whale, a mother, was found floating off the coast of Virginia. Her back was broken due to a ship collision. They are dying mainly because of human activity. Ship collisions threaten whale populations worldwide, killing up to 20,000 individuals annually. With global ocean traffic forecast to rise by at least 240% by 2050, the problem will be severer. But a new movement is using technology to fight back. A Californian strike-prevention program expanded operations across North American waters. Whale Safe was launched in 2020, after the number of whales killed by collisions in California reached a record high of 14. Callie Leiphardt, the scientist leading the project at the Benioff Ocean Science Laboratory, says that for every whale found dead, ten more are thought to die unrecorded. That so many were dying despite voluntary speed limits suggested more interventions (干预) were needed. The team reasoned that by alerting ships to whales, and publicizing which shipping companies ignored the speed limit, they might increase obedience and bring down deaths. Their approach rests on listening for whales underwater using microphone-equipped buoys (浮标) capable of separating low-frequency whale calls from the ocean’s background noise. Screened detection results are then fed into Whale Safe’s alert tool, alongside sightings and model-based predictions, to tell nearby skippers to slow down. The team then monitors ships’ speeds within established slow zones via a widespread GPS-tracking system and awards parent companies marks from A to F, visible online. With this week’s expansion to the east coast, Whale Safe will assess companies across all slow zones in North America. How many whales have been saved is hard to say. But since Whale Safe was first launched, the collisions in California have been decreasing: Only four were reported in 2022, compared with 11 the year before. In the Santa Barbara Channel, a collision hot spot, the proportion of ships that slow down has also been rising — from 46% in 2019 to 63.5% in 2023. 8. What mainly causes whale deaths? A. Natural predators. B. Diseases and infections. C. Human fishing activities. D. Human-related ship crash. 9. What can be inferred about voluntary speed limits? A. They were insufficient for the protection of whales. B. They were merely temporary measures put in place. C. They were so strict that they were difficult to follow. D. They were expected to prevent all possible collisions. 10. How does Whale Safe’s monitoring system impact shipping behavior? A. By separating whales from sea noises. B. By sending warnings and tracking speed. C. By relying on official regulations and aid. D. By shifting responsibility to the companies. 11. What is the best title for the passage? A. GPS Tracking: Relevant to Whale Conservation B. Whale Safe: Protecting Whales From Ship Collisions C. The Collision of Technology and Wildlife Protection D. The Whale Safe Program Removes All Whale Accidents D Over 100 years ago, Alexander Graham Bell asked the readers to do something brave and fresh — “to found a new science”. He pointed out that sciences based on the measurement of sound and light already existed. But there was no science of odor (气味). Bell asked his readers to “measure a smell”. Today, smart phones provide impressive built-in capabilities based on the sciences of sound and light: voice assistants, facial recognition and photo improvement. The science of odor does not offer anything comparable. But that situation is changing, as advances in machine smell, also called “digitized smell”, are finally answering Bell’s call to action. Whereas human vision mainly relies on cells in the retina (视网膜), smell is experienced through about 400 types of cells in the nose. Machine smell starts with sensors that detect and identify molecules (分子) in the air. These sensors serve the same purpose as the cells in your nose. But to be useful to people, machine smell needs to go a step further. The system needs to know what a certain molecule or a set of molecules smells like to a human. So the challenge is formidable. For that, machine smell needs machine learning. Machine learning studies the words humans tend to use to describe what they experience when they encounter specific odor-causing things. However, the web has an unimaginably huge amount of audio, image and video content that can be used to train artificial intelligence systems that recognize sounds and pictures. Most people cannot describe smells in words as effortlessly and recognizably as they can describe sights and sounds. So researchers weren’t able to train really powerful machine learning models. However, things started to change in 2015 when researchers launched the DREAM Smell Prediction Challenge. The competition released data collected by Andreas Keller and Leslie Vosshall, and invited teams from around the world to submit their machine learning models. By 2019, the largest datasets had grown from less than 500 molecules in the DREAM challenge to about 5,000 molecules. Such progress in unlocking the code of smell is not only exciting but also has highly promising applications, including personalized odor, early detection of disease, and more realistic augmented reality (增强现实技术) experiences. The future of machine smell looks bright. It also promises to smell good. 12. Why does the author mention Alexander Graham Bell? A. To stress the application of digitalized smell. B. To prove the current progress in machine smell. C. To illustrate Bell’s research into sound and light. D. To offer background information of the science of smell. 13. What does the underlined word “formidable” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Rewarding. B. Demanding. C. Stimulating. D. Confusing. 14. Why is it hard to train smell machine-learning models? A. Because sensors for smell are not advanced enough. B. Because smell-related cells in humans are too complex. C. Because there’s a severe lack of smell-description data. D. Because detecting air molecules for smell is very tough. 15. What is the author’s attitude towards the machine smell? A. Optimistic. B. Doubtful. C. Neutral. D. Contradictory. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Improve Debating Skills Debating is a subjective judgment, so debaters may apply different methods at different times. ____16____. They can help you get your points across clearly and effectively, leaving little room for your opponents to question and inspiring responses and participation of the audience. Strategic Arguments Organize your thoughts before you speak. Before you start, think through the chronological order (时间顺序) in which you want to present your statements. Then, start with a powerful statement and support your comments with research and viewpoints from professionals in the field. ____17____. So the listeners and opponents will examine what might happen if they choose not to support your arguments. ____18____ Focus on ways you might improve your body language. Signs of confidence might include a firm standing posture with few movements. Make eye contact with your opponent when possible, but don’t stare him down. Stand straight, so your opponent doesn’t think you’re bored or lazy. Signs of nonconfidence might include running your hands through your hair, touching your face and staring at your notes without looking up or tapping your pencil on the podium. Respectful Tones ____19____. Always avoid whispering, complaining and yelling since they inform others you’re overwhelmed by emotion and can’t present logical arguments. Increase your volume slightly to stress extremely important details. When responding to your opponent’s arguments, use a firm, respectful tone. Opposing Viewpoints Address your opponent’s viewpoints head-on and don’t beat around the bush. Prove to the judges and the audience that you are willing to analyze viewpoints from all angles. You might politely mention flaws in your opponent’s line of reasoning or address factual errors. You can also agree with part of your opponent’s argument. ____20____. On the whole, how to persuade the audience, invoking intelligent responses and enthusiastic participation are debating skills worth mastering. A. Appropriate Gestures. B. Confident Body Language. C. Conclude your argument with convincing details. D. An effective debate is organized, strategic and persuasive. E. However, some skills generally apply to all forms of debate. F. Meanwhile, show ways that the argument doesn’t hold up as a whole. G. Create and maintain a tone that is respectful and easy to listeners’ ears. 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When Helena was preparing for applying to business school, one thing terrified her: the Graduate Record Examination (GRE). Overwhelmed by stress, Helena reached out to her sister, Emilia, for ____21____. Emilia had taken the GRE a few years earlier and offered some tips and ____22____ words. She also sent Helena powerful voicemail she’d received at her time of need from a ____23____ at the testing center. Its message ____24____ Helena deeply. She listened to it ____25____ in the week before her exam. “The exam was so ____26____,” she said. “I just really needed to believe in myself that I had the ____27____, the tools and the knowledge for the exam.” The voicemail gave Helena just the ____28____ she needed. With her new-found confidence, her test score went beyond her expectations. In light of her experience, Helena ____29____ the voicemail with her online community. The clicks quickly ____30____ to 6 million, leading the internet to track down the ____31____: 43-year-old Tameka Rooks from Dorchester, Massachusetts, whose kindness ____32____ from a deep sense of understanding. The experience profoundly changed Helena, inspiring her to ____33____ the love and kindness she received. “It’s a ____34____ that our words can have a much bigger impact than we think they do,” she said. “I’m inspired to pay it forward anytime I can: to be nicer and to offer words of ____35____ or help.” 21. A. fun B. support C. expectation D. knowledge 22. A. uplifting B. grateful C. limited D. logical 23. A. colleague B. friend C. relative D. stranger 24. A. shocked B. touched C. confused D. annoyed 25. A. immediately B. patiently C. repeatedly D. rarely 26. A. close B. easy C. boring D. impressive 27. A. visibility B. sensibility C. capabilities D. responsibilities 28. A. boost B. supply C. schedule D. form 29. A. imitated B. recorded C. downloaded D. shared 30. A. contributed B. mounted C. pointed D. dropped 31. A. sender B. reader C. viewer D. manager 32. A. escaped B. suffered C. arose D. differed 33. A. show off B. take in C. hold back D. pass on 34. A. memory B. reminder C. warning D. promise 35. A. commitment B. astonishment C. encouragement D. entertainment 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Laos is the only inland country in Southeast Asia, surrounded by China, Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. The China-Laos Railway opened in 2021, ____36____ (run) 1,035 kilometers from Kunming, capital of Yunnan province, China, to Vientiane, the Lao capital. For Teng Hailin, the main distributor of BeerLao in China, the railway ____37____ (address) major issues with cross-border logistics ever since. Before the railway opened, BeerLao products ____38____ (transport) from Vientiane to the border took at least four days to arrive. During the rainy season in Laos, the narrow, winding roads in the mountainous regions were _____39_____ (extreme) muddy, and due to the rough conditions, often beer bottles ____40____ (damage). “Sometimes the trucks even overturned. Now, with the railway, we can transport goods directly from Vientiane to Kunming and distribute them ____41____ supermarkets in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou,” she said. Lao coffee, beer, and hotpot have become a part of the city’s dining scene thanks to the railway link, promoting friendship between the two cities, ____42____ established their sister-cities relationship in 2011. For the people of Laos, the China-Laos Railway is more than just ____43____ high-speed rail line. It’s a game changer, turning Laos from a “landlocked” nation into ____44____ is “land-linked”, marking a historic shift for the country. In 2021, the UN General Assembly passed a ____45____ (resolve) paving the way for Laos to leave its Least Developed Country list by 2026. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节 应用文写作(满分15分) 46. 假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter计划寒假来中国旅游，他希望你推荐一个旅游城市或景点，请给出推荐理由和旅游建议。 注意： 1．词数80—120词； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Peter, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节 读后续写(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 School, school, school. Every day was the same. Harriet felt like she was on a never-ending treadmill (跑步机), going through the motions without any real purpose. She was losing steam, and eventually found herself feeling numb. There was a writing competition she wanted to enter — kind of. She loved writing, but lately, she just couldn’t be bothered. It was as if all her energy had been drained away (耗尽). She stared at the blank page in her notebook, willing the words to come, but they remained hard to find. Then Zoe moved into their class. Everything about her gave off light and energy. From the way she bounced into the classroom to how she slung her backpack over her chair with carefree grace, Harriet was fascinated and desperate to know more about her. Zoe seemed to possess (拥有) an endless supply of vitality (活力), something Harriet sorely lacked. Her chance came during sports class when they were placed on the same running team. Harriet’s heart pounded, not from the exercise, but from the anticipation of finally speaking to Zoe. “Where do you get all your energy from? ” Harriet suddenly said out loud during a break. Zoe smiled mysteriously. “Lie down, ” she said. Confused but curious, Harriet followed Zoe’s lead and lay down on the grass. Next thing she knew, they were both looking up at the white fluffy clouds floating lazily above them. “Isn’t this incredible?” Zoe said, her voice filled with wonder. Harriet looked up, and for the first time in what felt like forever, she really saw the sky. The world suddenly seemed so much bigger and more expansive. The clouds were like giant cotton balls, floating in an endless sea of blue. How could just changing your perspective change so much? “We spend too much time looking down, at our phones, at our feet, but not enough time looking up, ” said Zoe. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请安如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The next day, Harriet woke up and knew exactly what she wanted to do. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Then came the day for the writing competition results. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $