Unit 6Survival 课文中英对照-2026-2027学年高中英语外研版高中英语选择性必修第二册

该高中英语导学案围绕“生存”主题展开，收录《城市里的野生世界》《B计划：在火星上生活？》及生存故事写作语篇，引导学生探究城市野生动物适应、火星生存可能性及生存叙事构建。课堂导入从学生熟悉的城市动物现象切入，通过问题链衔接人类活动与动物栖息地关系，再延伸至太空生存探索，搭建“现象分析—原因探究—实践应用”的学习支架。 资料特色在于语篇兼具现实关怀与未来视野，融合环境科学、航天知识等跨学科元素，写作任务创设“独自留火星”情境。通过分析动物适应策略、评估火星生存挑战，提升学生语言理解与表达能力，培养分析推断的思维品质，增强人类命运共同体的文化意识，助力学生在真实语境中发展综合语言运用能力。

Unit 6 Survival / 生存 本单元共收录 3 篇（组）英文语篇。 1. The Wild Within / 城市里的野生世界 The crime took place in a seaside suburb of Cape Town. Spotting the car with its window left open, the greedy thief didn’t hesitate. Within seconds, he had reached inside and run away with a bag of shopping. No matter how many crimes he committed, the police were powerless to arrest him. You see, this was no ordinary criminal: it was a chacma baboon. Once almost unheard of, scenes like this one in Cape Town are now common all over the world. With foxes in London, mountain lions in San Francisco and wild pigs in Hong Kong, it is almost as if our cities are being taken over by wild animals. Most of us would assume that urban development and climate change are responsible for pushing the animals out of their natural habitats. However true this is, we also need to consider that some of these so-called “urban animals” have never moved at all – it’s we humans who have moved into their territory. Wherever they go, animals find towns and cities in their way. With nowhere else to make their homes, they have no choice but to move in with us. As our cities become greener, they offer increasingly appealing spaces to animals looking for new habitats. Out of reach from many of their natural predators, these newcomers often flourish in their new city lives. Today, foxes can be seen all over London – one even being found living on the 72nd floor of the Shard building when it was under construction! What’s more, hungry animals are finding plenty to eat in our gardens and in the leftovers we throw away. There is evidence that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins, as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers which they would not find in the wild. Some animals have even changed their living habits to fit in with their new homes. Although naturally active at night, urban foxes come out in daylight if the reward is good enough. Their city location also means that they are getting a taste for the multicultural cuisine on offer from the garbage, such as hamburgers, lamb kebabs and even garlic bread! Unable to distinguish between blue sky and glass, birds crash into windows at speeds of about 50 kilometres per hour. Recent studies estimate that between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone. Shockingly, these deaths amount to around ten per cent of the total US bird population. Some species are more affected than others. One theory behind this is that these birds have yet to change their migratory routes that take them through cities with high-rise buildings. However they adapt to our ways of urban living, it’s important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours. Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats. Whatever the reasons behind these species entering our cities, one thing is for sure – as it’s often a means of their survival, they could be with us to stay. 这起犯罪发生在开普敦一个海滨郊区。贪婪的小偷发现一辆汽车的窗户开着，毫不犹豫；几秒钟内，他就把手伸进去，抢走一袋采购物品后逃之夭夭。无论他犯下多少罪行，警方都无力将其逮捕。你看，这可不是普通罪犯，而是一只豚尾狒狒。这样的场景在开普敦过去几乎闻所未闻，如今却已在世界各地十分常见。伦敦有狐狸，旧金山有美洲狮，香港有野猪——我们的城市仿佛正在被野生动物接管。 人们常常想知道这场大规模动物“进城潮”背后的原因。我们大多会认为，是城市发展和气候变化把动物赶出了自然栖息地。这一点固然真实，但我们也必须考虑：有些所谓“城市动物”其实从未迁移——是人类进入了它们的领地。动物走到哪里，都会遇到挡在面前的城镇和城市。没有其他地方可以安家，它们只得与我们共同生活。 然而，对这些城市中最新、也最野性的居民来说，城市能提供许多好处。随着城市变得更加绿色，它们为寻找新栖息地的动物提供了越来越有吸引力的空间。许多天敌无法接近，使这些“新居民”常常能在城市生活中繁盛。如今，伦敦各处都能看到狐狸——甚至有一只狐狸在碎片大厦施工期间被发现住在72层！此外，饥饿的动物还能在花园里以及我们丢弃的剩饭中找到大量食物。 “城市动物”数量增加的关键之一，是它们的适应能力。有证据表明，城市浣熊比野外的同类更聪明，因为它们经常需要解决难题，例如怎样打开野外不存在的垃圾箱和其他容器。有些动物甚至改变生活习性，以适应新家园。狐狸天生夜间活动，但只要回报足够诱人，城市狐狸也会在白天出现。生活在城市里，还使它们从垃圾中品尝到多元文化美食，如汉堡、羊肉串，甚至蒜香面包！ 对那些无法适应的动物而言，城市可能是危险甚至致命的地方。鸟类无法分辨蓝天与玻璃，会以每小时约50千米的速度撞上窗户。近期研究估计，仅在美国，每年就有4亿至10亿只鸟死于撞击窗户。令人震惊的是，这些死亡约占美国鸟类总数的百分之十。有些物种受到的影响更严重。一种解释认为，这些鸟尚未改变原有迁徙路线，而路线恰好穿过高楼林立的城市。 无论动物怎样适应我们的城市生活方式，我们都必须更深入地了解，甚至学会欣赏这些野生邻居。只有这样，我们才能展望与它们和谐共享城市栖息地的未来。不管这些物种进入城市的原因是什么，有一点可以确定：城市往往是它们生存的手段，因此，它们可能会长久留在我们身边。 2. Plan B: Life on Mars? / B计划：在火星上生活？ In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was that the human race, and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet, could be wiped out by nuclear missiles, just at the push of a button. Today, however, environmental problems have taken over as the greatest risk to life on Earth. Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk, such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy. But they are also preparing for the worst: what can we do if the terrifying scenes in films such as The Day After Tomorrow happen in real life? What is our Plan B for Earth? One option is to explore other planets to see if we could live on them. The most likely choice is Mars, which is relatively close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other planets. Mars has fascinated people since ancient times, and today our interest in Martian exploration is greater than ever before. Films such as The Martian enjoy worldwide popularity. More governments and organisations are making efforts to educate the public on the Red Planet, for example, the Mars Desert Research Station in the Utah desert of the US and the Mars Village in North-west China’s Qinghai Province. Since the 1960s, we have been sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars. Our probes have orbited the planet, sending back valuable data and stunning images. Our robots have explored the Martian surface, testing the soil and searching for resources, water and signs of life. Encouraged by discoveries over the years, space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars that could take place within the next 25 years. There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars, with dreams of making it our second home. However, sending people there will require all the skill, courage and intelligence of the human race. While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation. And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth – ever. Staying alive will be a daily challenge, but as proved by the Biosphere 2 experiment, not impossible. As early as the 1980s, scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert. It consisted of a closed space in which people, animals and plants could live together. The “closed” concept meant that the space was designed to function with its own oxygen, food and water, needing nothing from the outside world. Although the two-year experiment was not a success, it did provide us with a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet. More recently, scientists have succeeded in growing a variety of plants in an environment similar to that on Mars. That definitely is a big step forward. For now, human settlement of Mars is still decades away. In the meantime, scientific research shows that the planet Earth is getting warmer. This change is being caused by human activity and is having a terrible effect on the biosphere. Until we are finally able to live on another planet, we need to take much better care of our own. Right now, it’s the only one we have! 20世纪六七十年代，人们最大的恐惧是：只要按下一个按钮，核导弹就可能消灭人类，甚至地球上一切高级生命形式。然而如今，环境问题已取代核威胁，成为地球生命面临的最大风险。科学家正在思考降低风险的方法，例如以可再生能源取代煤炭和石油。但他们也在为最坏情况做准备：如果《后天》等电影中的恐怖场景在现实中发生，我们该怎么办？地球的“B计划”是什么？ 一种选择是探索其他行星，看看人类能否在那里生活。最有可能的选择是火星，它距离地球相对较近，环境也没有其他行星那样恶劣。火星自古以来就令人着迷；今天，我们对火星探索的兴趣比以往任何时候都更强烈。《火星救援》等电影风靡全球。越来越多政府和组织努力向公众普及红色星球的知识，例如美国犹他沙漠中的火星沙漠研究站，以及中国西北部青海省的火星村。 自20世纪60年代以来，我们一直向火星发射无人航天器。探测器环绕火星运行，传回宝贵数据和令人惊叹的图像；机器人则探索火星表面，检测土壤，寻找资源、水和生命迹象。受到多年来发现的鼓舞，各国航天机构正计划在未来25年内开展载人火星任务。 毫无疑问，人类被火星吸引，梦想把它变成第二家园。然而，把人送到那里，需要人类全部的技能、勇气与智慧。到达月球只需几天，前往火星却要数月，并要穿越危险的太阳辐射。即使第一批定居者安全抵达火星，他们也可能永远无法返回地球。维持生命将是每天的挑战，不过正如“生物圈2号”实验所证明的那样，这并非不可能。 早在20世纪80年代，科学家就在亚利桑那沙漠中建造“生物圈2号”。它是一个封闭空间，人、动物和植物可以共同生活。“封闭”的概念意味着，这一空间依靠自身的氧气、食物和水运行，不需要外界供给。尽管为期两年的实验没有成功，却帮助我们更深入地理解人类可能如何在另一颗行星上生存。近来，科学家已成功在类似火星的环境中种植多种植物。这无疑是向前迈出的一大步。 目前，人类在火星定居仍是几十年后的事情。与此同时，科学研究表明，地球正在变暖。这种变化由人类活动造成，正对生物圈产生严重影响。在最终能够生活于另一颗行星之前，我们必须更好地照顾自己的星球。眼下，它是我们唯一的家园！ 3. Writing a Survival Story: Alone on Mars / 生存故事写作：独自留在火星 It’s been a week since the other astronauts left Mars and went back to Earth, accidentally leaving me here alone. I was caught in a dust storm and lost contact with them. After resuming communication with the base five days later, I was informed that it will be eight months before a rescue mission arrives from Earth. Fortunately, I have shelter, because the landing capsule protects me from the deadly radiation outside. The capsule is powered by a small nuclear plant. It might have just enough electricity for eight months, if nothing goes wrong. What’s more, my spacesuit keeps me safe from exposure to the Martian surface for up to several hours at a time. Water and oxygen were my biggest worries at first, but I’ve discovered an underground ice deposit nearby. I can reach the ice with our survey tools. That’s lucky, because I can drink the water from the ice and also use it to produce oxygen when I run low. Now I am worried about food. There is only enough for one person for four months – four months short of what I need. Part of our mission was to experiment with growing plants in the Martian soil, so I have seeds of various kinds. I must work out how to farm on Mars. If I can solve that challenge, and if the electricity supply holds, I can survive until I am rescued. There’s still hope! 其他宇航员离开火星、返回地球，意外把我独自留在这里，已经整整一周。我遭遇了一场沙尘暴，与他们失去了联系。 五天后，我重新与基地取得通信，被告知地球派出的救援任务还要八个月才能到达。幸运的是，我有栖身之所：着陆舱能保护我免受外界致命辐射。着陆舱由一座小型核电站供电；如果不出故障，电力也许刚好能维持八个月。此外，航天服可以让我每次在火星表面暴露数小时而保持安全。起初，我最担心水和氧气，不过我发现附近有一处地下冰层，可以用勘测工具接触到冰。真幸运，因为我既能饮用融化的冰水，也能在氧气不足时用它制取氧气。 现在我担心的是食物。现有食物只够一个人吃四个月，比我需要的少了整整四个月。我们的任务之一，是试验在火星土壤中种植植物，因此我有各种种子。我必须找到在火星上耕种的方法。只要能解决这一难题，而且电力供应坚持得住，我就能活到获救。希望仍然存在！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $