Unit 1 Science and Scientists Words and Expressions 课件-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

该高中英语课件系统梳理高中高频词汇及短语，涵盖词义、搭配、派生词及情境例句，通过例句导入建立语境认知，从基础词性到拓展用法构建知识支架，帮助学生串联词汇间的逻辑关联。 其亮点在于以语言能力培养为核心，通过同义词对比（如frustrated/frustrating）和固定搭配（如suspect sb. of）提升语言运用精度，结合思维品质培养，如“break”短语辨析训练分析能力，助力学生掌握科学学习策略，既提升词汇应用能力，也为教师提供结构化教学资源，提高课堂效率。

severe 1) 极为恶劣的 a severe weather 恶劣的天气 2) 十分严重的 a severe disease 重病 3) 严厉的（strict/hard） be severe with/on 对......严厉 be severe with oneself 严于律己 E.g. She is a severe woman who seldom smiles. 她是一个几乎不笑的严厉的女人。 frustrated 1) frustrate vt. 使懊丧；使懊恼；挫败；阻止；防止 2) frustrated adj. be frustrated at/with 对......感到沮丧/懊恼 I’m frustrated at the bad result. 我对这个坏结果感到沮丧。 3) frustrating adj. 令人懊恼的；令人沮丧的（事物） It’s really frustrating. 这很令人懊恼。 4) frustration n. [U] contradictory be contradictory to 与.......矛盾/相反 contractict /ˌkɒntrəˈdɪkt/ vt. 反驳；与......相矛盾 She dared not contradict him. 她不敢反驳他。 contradiction n. 驳斥；矛盾 [C] infection 1) infect vt. infect sb./sth. with sth. 使......传/感染上...... infect everyone around with happiness 用幸福感染周围的人 2) be infected with......感染了...... people infected with HIV 染上了艾滋病病毒的人 3) infectious adj. 传染性的 an infectious disease 一个传染性疾病 4) infection n. [C] 传染病 subscribe 1. subscribe to 1) 同意；赞同(观点或理论)= approve of 2) 订购 subscribe to a magazine 订购杂志 3) 向.......捐赠 subscribe to a charity 向一个慈善机构捐赠 2. subscriber n. [C] 订阅者；定期捐款者 3. subscription n. [C] 订阅；捐助 proof n. 证据；证明；检验 [U/C] 1) proofs 2) there’s no proof that 没有证据证明......；没有......的证据 There’s no proof that the new drug is completely safe for children. 没有证据证明这种新药对儿童是完全安全的。 3) = evidence [U] a piece of evidence multiple adj. 数量多的；多种多样的 1) multiply v. 乘；乘以；(使)繁殖；增殖；成倍增加；迅速增加 These creatures can multiply quickly. 这些生物能迅速大量繁殖。 2) multimedia n./adj. 多媒体/多媒体的 multinational adj. 多国的 multifunctional adj. 多功能的 multicultural adj. 多元文化的 household n.一家人；家庭；同住一套（所）房子的人[C] 1) household expenses 家庭开支 2) household appliances = domestic appliances 家用电器 3) adj. 家喻户晓的 a household name 一个家喻户晓的名字 suspect 1. suspect /səˈspekt/ vt./vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任 1) suspect that 怀疑...... I suspect that he was fired by his boss. 2) suspect sb. of sth./doing sth. 怀疑某人某事/做某事 They suspect him of theft.他们怀疑他有偷窃行为。 3) suspect sb. as/to be... 怀疑某人是...... We suspect him as/to be a thief. 我们怀疑他是一个小偷。 2. suspicious adj. 多疑的；感觉可疑的 be suspicious of/about... 对......感到可疑 3. suspect /ˈsʌspekt/ n. [C] 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 4. suspicion n. [C] 怀疑；嫌疑；猜疑 = doubt blame 1. blame vt. 把......归咎于.......；责怪；指责 1) blame sb. for sth. 因某事而责怪某人 2) blame oneself 自责 3) blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 4) sb. be to blame (for sth.)（为某事）应受责备/承担责任 Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. 斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。 2. blame n. [U] 责备；指责 put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 Everyone laid the blame on me. 每个人都把责任推到我身上。 handle 1. n.[C] 把手；拉手；柄 I turned the handle and found the door was open. 我转动把手发现门是开着的。 2. v. 处理；搬动；操纵; 操作 = run; operate; work To tell the truth, I don't know if I can handle the job. 说实话，我不知道我能否做好这份工作。 intervention n. [C] 介入；出面；干涉 China will try to avoid any military intervention at all costs. 中国将不惜一切代价避免任何军事干预。 intervene in= step in 介入；干预 link 1. link vt. 把......连接起来；相关联；挽住= connect 1) link...to/with 把......与......连接/联系起来 The newly-built subway link the airport to the city center. 新建的地铁连接了机场与市中心。 2) be linked to/with 与......有联系/关系 Yellow is generally linked with confidence, self-respect and friendliness. 黄色通常与自信、自尊和友好联系在一起。 2. link n. [C] 联系；纽带= connection a link between A and B A与B之间的关系/联系 In my opinion, there is a close link bwtween teachers and students. 我认为学生和教师之间有密切的联系。 raw adj. 1) 生的；未煮的 (cooked 煮熟的；processed 加工过的) a dish made of raw fish 由生鱼做的菜肴 2) 未经处理的；原始的 raw material 原材料 pure 1. adj. 干净的；纯净的；纯粹的 a bottle of pure water: 一瓶纯净水。 2. purify vt. 使洁净；净化 purify the blood 净化血液 3. purification n. [U] 净化 air purification 空气净化 1. These jackets are 100% pure cotton. 这些夹克是100%纯棉的。 2. Yesterday they met by pure chance. 昨天他们相遇纯属偶然。 substantial 1. substantial adj. 大量的；价值巨大的；重大的 Substantial changes have taken place in our school during the last two years. 在过去的两年中，我们学校发生了重大的变化。 2. sustance n. [C] 物质；材料= material decrease vt./vi. 减少；减小；降低 = decline, go down, reduce 反 increase n. [C] 减少；降低；减少量 1) decrease in...= a decrease in 在......（方面）降低/减少 There has been a decrease _______ the number of employees this year. 2) decrease to... 减少到...... After taking the medicine, his temperature decreased _____ 36.8℃. 3) decrease by...减少了...... Five years ago, the popluation of the village was 2,000. Now it’s 1,500, which means that it’s decreased ______ 25%. 4) on the decrease 在减少 Marriage is still ____ the decrease. in to by on thanks to... 幸亏；由于；因为（状） owing to due to as a result of as a consequence of because of... on account of Thanks to your help, we have made great progress. 由于你的帮助，我们取得了很大的进步。 transform vi/vt. 转化；转换；改造 1) transform...into... 把......转变成...... 2) transform from...into... 把......从......变成 It is a surprise that the city has been transformed from a small town to a modern industrial center in recent ten years. 令人惊讶的是，近十年来，这个城市已经从一个小城镇变成了一个现代工业中心。 3) transformation n. [C]变化；转变；改观 social transformation 社会转变 4) trans- 表“位置或空间转换” 1. I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them ______ something new and useful. 我学到了很多关于如何延长物品的寿命，并把它们变成新的有用的东西。 2. I was a student and had my life totally _________ (transform) by that experience. 我是一名学生，那次经历彻底改变了我的生活。 3. The past ten years has witnessed a complete _____________ (transform) of my hometown. 在过去的十年里，我的家乡发生了翻天覆地的变化。 to tranformed tranformation thinking n. 思想；思维；见解 [U] 1) think-thought-thought 认为；思考；思索；思想 Think twice before you act. 三思而后行。 2) thinking critical thinking 批判性思维 3) thought n. [C] 想法；看法；主意；记忆；思想；思考；思维 (be) lost in thought 陷入沉思 initial adj. 最初的；开始的；第一的 （用于名词前） 1) at the initial stage 在初始阶段 2) initially adv. 开始；最初 Forecasters say the storms may not be as bad as they initially predicted. 预报员们说暴风雨不像他们最初预报的那样糟。 solid 1. solid adj. 可靠的；固体的；坚实的 So far they have no solid evidence. 到目前为止，他们没有确凿的证据。 2. solid 固体 [U/C] solid 固体；liquid 液体； gas气体 cast vt. 投射；投掷；向......投以（视线/笑容等） 1) cast-cast-cast 2) (be/feel) cast down 感到沮丧/失望 She was cast down by the failure. 失败使她沮丧。 3) cast...over/on/across... 投射；覆盖 The flames cast dancing shadows on the walls. 火光在墙上投射出摇曳的影子。 4) cast sb. a glance/look = cast a glance/look at sb. 瞥某人一眼 The young man cast him a glance. 这个年轻人瞥了他一眼。 He cast her an adirimg glance. 他向她投去钦佩的一瞥。 shadow n. 阴影；影子[C]；背光处[U] 1) cast a shadow on... 在某处投下/留下影子；给......蒙上阴影 As the sun went down, we cast long shadows on the sportsground. 夕阳西下，我们在操场上留下长长的影子。 2) in the shadow of 在......的阴影之下；在......的光环下（相形见绌） He has always lived in the shadow of his brother. 他一直生活在他哥哥的影子中。 3) shade n. 阴凉处；阴影部分 pour /pɔː(r) / vt./vi. 倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料） 1) pour down 倾盆而下；下大雨 It’s pouring down outside. = It’s raining cats and dogs. 外面下着倾盆大雨。 2) pour in/into 涌入= crowd in 大量涌入= flood in Letters of complaint continue to pour in. 投诉信不断涌来。 concrete 1. adj. 混凝土制的；确实的；具体的 concrete evidence/proposals 确凿的证据/具体的建议 2. n. 混凝土 [U] We sat on the concrete floor. 我们坐在混凝土地板上。 break out (战争、火灾、疾病等)突然开始；爆发 break-broke-broken 1) The Anti-Japanese War broke out in 1931. 1931年爆发了抗日战争。 2) COVID-19 broke out in 2019. 2019年爆发了新冠病毒。 3) A big fire broke out at that ancient village last night. 昨晚那个古老的村庄发生了一场大火。 break down 消除；分解；发生故障；失败；垮掉 break in: 打断；插嘴说；闯入 break into: 闯入；强行进入；突然开始做 break up: 分解；解散；破裂 break away from: 摆脱；脱离 break through: 突破 1) He decided to ____________ from home after graduation. 2) Her health _________ under the pressure of work. 3) Does everyone know what to do if a fire_________ ? 4) The police came running and _________ the crowd. 5) Getting young people together will help to _________ the barriers. break away broke down break out broke up break down defend 1. defend v. 保卫；防守；辩解 1) defend...from/against... 保护......免受......的伤害 作为一名士兵，我的职责是保卫我们的国家不受敌人的侵犯。 As a soldier, my duty is ______________________________ enemies. 2) defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫 2. defence n. [U] 防卫；保护；辩护 in defence of 保护；为......辩护 We should pay tribute to soldiers died in defence of our country. 我们应该向保卫祖国而牺牲了的军人表示敬意。 in one’s defence 为某人辩护；站在某人一边 to defend our country against assistant n. [C] 助手；助理 1. assistant 1) an assistant teacher 助教 2) an assistant to... ......的助手 2. assist vt. 帮助；援助 3. assistance n. [U] 帮助；援助= help/aid 1) with the assistance of... 在......的帮助下 2) come/go to one’s assistance 来/去帮助某人 sb. (be) in charge of... 某人主管；掌管 (状态) 1. sth. be in the charge of sb. 某物由某人主管/掌管 这个医生主管这家医院。 1) The young doctor________________ the hospital. 2) The hospital is _______________ the young doctor. 2. sb. take charge of ...：主管；掌管（动作） 3. free of charge= for free 免费 Children under 10 attend the lecture free _____ charge. It was in the company in ____ charge of Mr. Li that they fell in love at first sight. 他们正是在李先生负责的公司里一见钟情的。 is in charge of is in the charge of of the 4. charge (sb.) for sth. 因某事收（某人的）费用 5. charge sb. with sth. = accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人犯......罪 6. charge a battery 充电= get charged 7. charger 充电器 trace 1. vt. 追溯；追踪；查出 = track trace sth. (back) to sth. 追溯；追究 = date back to= go back to 追溯到 The style of these paintings can be traced back to early medieveal influences. 这些画的风格可以追溯到中世纪早期的影响。 The school traces its history back to 1939. 这所学校的历史可以追溯到1939年。 2. trace n. [C]痕迹；踪迹 One day he left, disappeared without a trace. 有一天他离开了，消失得无影无踪。 leadership n. [U] 领导；领导地位；领导才能 under the leadership of= under one’s leadership 在......的领导下 Under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, China has made great progress in the past 40 years. 在中国共产党的领导下，中国在过去四十年里取得了极大进步。 leader n. [C] 领袖；领导；首领 outstanding adj. 优秀的；杰出的；明显的 = excellent; striking; extraordiary; splendid; brilliant stand out 脱颖而出/引人注目 Her bright red dress made her stand out in the crowd. 她鲜红色的连衣裙让她在人群中脱颖而出。 gifted 1. gifted adj. 有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪颖的= talented be gifted/talented in... 在......方面有天赋 2. gift n.[C] 礼物；天赋 have a gift/talent for... 对......有天赋 1) Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics. 史蒂芬·霍金是物理学领域最著名、最有天赋的科学家之一。 2) 我对英语没有天赋，我只是简单地喜欢英语。 I may not _____________ English, but I just simply like English. I may not _____________ English, but I just simply like English. be gifted in have a gift for come down with... 患(病)；染上(小病) 1) be infected with 被......感染/传染 2) suffer from... 患(病) 3) develop v. 患(病) 1) Many students in the school have come down with the flu. Many students in the school have been infected with the flu. 学校很多学生感染了流感。 2) 玛丽得了重感冒。(一般过去时) Mary ___________________ a heavy cold. Mary ___________________ a heavy cold. came down with was infected with abstract 1. abstract n. [C] （文献等的）摘要 make an abstract (of) 做(......的) 摘要 He made an abstract of a long article. 他对一篇长文章做了摘要。 2. abstract adj. 抽象的；理性的 （反：concrete具体的） Glory, honour, and courage are abstract words. 光荣、荣誉、勇气是抽象词汇。 steady adj. 稳定的；平稳的；稳步的 a steady job/income 稳定的工作/收入 make steady progress 稳步进步 Ready, steady, go!= Ready, set, go! (赛跑口令) 各就各位，预备，跑! steadily adv. 稳定地；坚定地；坚固地 The company's exports have been increasing steadily. 公司的出口量一直稳步增长。 besides prep. 除......之外（还）；adv. 而且；此外 1. 介词 除......之外（还） Besides working as a doctor, he also writes novels in his spare time. 除了当医生以外，空余时间他还写小说。 2. 副词 而且；此外 what’s more, moreover, besides, additionally, in addition, futhermore I don’t like that new dictionary. Besides, it’s too expensive. 我不喜欢那本新词典。而且它还太贵了。 above all 最重要的是；尤其是 Above all, chairs should be comfortable. 首先椅子应该舒适。 all in all 总而言之 after all 毕竟 in all/ total 总共 first of all 首先 not at all 没关系；一点也不 fault n. 弱点；过错[C]= mistake; error; shortcoming 1) find fault with... 找......岔子；挑剔 There is not perfect person. Don’t always find fault with him. 人无完人。不要总是挑他的毛病。 2) It is one’s fault that... ......是某人的过错 It was his fault that we were late for the conference. 我们开会迟到是他的错。 3) false 错误的；人造的；假的；不真诚的 shift 1. n. 改变；转变；轮班 （switch） 1) night shift 夜班 2) day shift 白班 3) be on the day/night shift: 上白班/夜班 4) a shift in attitude 态度上的改变 2. v. 转移；挪动；转向 shift from...to... 从......转向...... They need to shift from farming to industry, and they need to do so desperately. 他们需要从农业领域转移到工业领域，并且他们需要拼命地那么做。 cholera n. 霍乱 [U] diarrhoea n. 腹泻 [U] dehydration n. 脱水 hydrate vt.（身体）补充水分 After-sun products will cool and hydrate your skin. 晒后护肤品会清凉肌肤并为其补水。 attend to 关怀；照料；处理 1. attend to sb. 照料某人 Snow attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. 维多利亚女王分娩时，斯诺照料着她。 2. attend to sth. 处理某事 I have some urgent business to attend to. 我有一些急事要处理。 germ n. 微生物；细菌；病菌 [C] Chlorine is widely used to kill germs. 氯广泛用于杀菌。 细菌：bacterium [C](复数 bacteria) 病毒：virus /ˈvaɪrəs/[C] germ vac cine /ˈvæksiːn/ n. 疫苗 [C] pump n. 泵；抽水机；打气筒 [C] water pump 水泵 epidemiology n. 流行病学 [U] For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology. 因为这个原因，斯诺被认为是现代流行病学之父。 microscope n. 显微镜 protein n. 蛋白质 [U] Fish was a major source of protein for the working man. 鱼曾是劳动者获取蛋白质的主要来源。 cell n. 细胞；小房间；单间牢房 [C] finding n. 发现；调查结果；（法律）判决 [C] One of the main findings of the survey was the confusion about the facilities already in place. 该调查的主要发现之一是对已安装到位的设备的混淆 framework n. 框架；结构 [C] ...within the framework of federal regulations. …在联邦法规的体系内。 theoretical framework 理论框架 rainbow n. 彩虹 [C] plasma n. 血浆 [U] aerospace n. 航空航天工业 [U] the father of China’s aerospace 中国航天之父 patriotic adj. 爱国的 mechanical adj. 机械的；发动机的；机器的 Railway Mechanical Engineering 铁道机械工程 mechanic n. 机械师；机械修理工[C] aviation n. 航空制造业；航空；飞行 jet n. 喷气式飞机 [C] missile n. 导弹 [C] astronomer n. 天文学家 [C] astronomy n. 天文学 [U] furthermore adv. 此外；再者 what’s more moreover in addition besides vivid adj. 生动的；鲜明的；丰富的 have a vivid imagination 有丰富的想象力 EVCapture4.1.9软件录制 Lavf57.25.100 本视频由湖南一唯信息科技开发的EV录屏软件录制，www.ieway.cn $