2026-2027学年沪教版（五四学制）八年级英语上册 期中重点专项训练

**基本信息** 聚焦期中核心短语、句型及语法，通过十大易错考点分层训练（基础/提升/拓展），结合解析提炼语法规则与解题技巧，构建“短语-句型-语法-应用”递进逻辑，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |短语汇总|3单元核心词汇（如water cycle, digital life）|无|按单元主题分类，夯实语言基础| |句型汇总|9类核心句型（被动语态、条件状语从句等）|句型结构与功能解析|短语支撑句型，体现语言表达逻辑| |语法汇总|6大语法点（被动语态、不定式等）|语法规则（如“主将从现”“be+过去分词”）|句型承载语法，形成规则系统| |考点训练|10考点（每考点9题，分基础/提升/拓展）|解题技巧（时态判断、固定搭配辨析）|语法指导考点应用，实现知识迁移|

沪教版（五四学制）八年级上册英语 · 期中重点专项训练 Units 1-3 2026沪教版（五四学制）八年级上册英语 · 期中重点专项训练 Unit 1 Water · Unit 2 Digital life · Unit 3 Curious minds 📚 第一部分：期中重点短语汇总 💧 Unit 1 Water water cycle 水循环 in three states 以三种状态 turn into 变成；转变为 freeze / frozen 冻结/结冰的 boil / boiled 沸腾/煮沸的 evaporate / evaporation 蒸发/蒸发（名词） condense / condensation 凝结/凝结（名词） run out (of) 用完；耗尽 save water 节约用水 clean water 干净的水 drinkable water 饮用水 waste water 浪费水 water pollution 水污染 pour into 倒入；涌入 flow into 流入 take a shower 洗淋浴 wash clothes 洗衣服 water plants 给植物浇水 come from 来自 on Earth 在地球上 a drop of water 一滴水 human beings 人类 natural resource 自然资源 keep alive 维持生命 take in 吸收；吸入 be covered with 被……覆盖 protect...from... 保护……免受…… be essential to 对……至关重要 make up 组成；构成 fresh water 淡水 lock up 锁住；关起来 turn off 关掉（水龙头等） narrow down 缩小范围 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 wastewater treatment 废水处理 provide sth. to sb. 向某人提供某物 energy-saving 节能的 📱 Unit 2 Digital life digital life 数字生活 surf the internet 上网 send messages 发送信息 make video calls 视频通话 online shopping 网上购物 social network 社交网络 log in / log out 登录/退出 turn on / turn off 打开/关闭 search for information 搜索信息 play online games 玩网络游戏 watch videos 看视频 listen to music 听音乐 read e-books 阅读电子书 take photos 拍照 share files 分享文件 have an influence on 对……有影响 be popular among 在……中很流行 more and more 越来越多 change the way we... 改变我们……的方式 connect...to... 把……连接到…… download / upload 下载/上传 keep an eye on 照看；留意 be aware of 知道；意识到 as soon as 一……就…… lead to 导致；引发 in my opinion 依我看 in conclusion 最后；总之 pay attention to 注意；关注 be easily paired with 容易与……配对 user-friendly 用户友好的 private information 个人信息 follow your orders 听从你的命令 separate...from... 把……从……分离 artificial intelligence 人工智能 virtual reality 虚拟现实 technical support 技术支持 🔬 Unit 3 Curious minds curious mind 好奇的头脑 do / conduct an experiment 做实验 discover the truth 发现真相 be curious about 对……感到好奇 look for answers 寻找答案 ask questions 提出问题 collect information 收集信息 draw a conclusion 得出结论 be full of curiosity 充满好奇心 scientific research 科学研究 explore the world 探索世界 develop an interest 培养兴趣 observe phenomena 观察现象 solve problems 解决问题 do a survey 做调查 depend on evidence 依靠证据 learn skills 学习技能 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 develop curiosity 培养好奇心 expand knowledge 拓展知识 lead to a discovery 导致一项发现 result in 导致；结果是 inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 make a discovery 做出发现 inborn ability / talent 天生的能力/天赋 unfamiliar with 对……不熟悉 continuous 持续的 ruin the plan 破坏计划 good / poor eyesight 好/差的视力 fantastic idea 极好的主意 surprising result 令人吃惊的结果 touching story 感人的故事 annoying noise 恼人的噪音 use one's brain 动脑筋 human brain 人类的大脑 wonder 想知道 shake hands 握手 I wonder... 我想知道…… What if...? 如果……会怎样？ The more...the more... 越……越…… 📝 第二部分：期中重点句型汇总 🔸 1. 被动语态句型（Units 1, 3） ▸ Water is used in many ways every day. 水每天被以多种方式使用。 ▸ Water should be saved. 水应该被节约。 ▸ The letter was written by him yesterday. 这封信是他昨天写的。 ▸ Many experiments are carried out in this lab. 许多实验在这个实验室被进行。 ▸ The theory of gravity was discovered by Newton. 万有引力定律是被牛顿发现的。 ▸ The roads are being repaired now. 道路现在正在被修理。 🔸 2. 时间状语从句（Unit 1） ▸ When water gets very cold, it freezes into ice. 当水变得很冷时，它冻结成冰。 ▸ As the water disappeared, we prepared to leave. 随着水消失，我们准备离开。 ▸ We will have about a month before it dries up. 在它干涸之前我们大约有一个月时间。 ▸ I'll call you as soon as I arrive. 我一到就给你打电话。 ▸ The sky was grey when I woke up. 我醒来时天空是灰色的。 🔸 3. 条件状语从句 If / Unless（Unit 1） ▸ If you heat water to 100°C, it will boil. 如果你把水加热到100°C，它会沸腾。 ▸ If we don't protect water, we will have no clean water. 如果我们不保护水，我们将没有干净的水。 ▸ Unless it rains, the plants will die. 除非下雨，否则植物会枯死。 🔸 4. The + 比较级..., the + 比较级...（Unit 1） ▸ The more water we use, the more energy is needed. 我们使用的水越多，所需的能源就越多。 ▸ The more experiments you do, the more knowledge you will gain. 你做的实验越多，你将获得的知识就越多。 🔸 5. 现在分词作伴随状语（Unit 1） ▸ Mum used to bathe us with only one cup of water, singing songs. 妈妈过去只用一杯水给我们洗澡，一边唱歌。 ▸ He sat there, reading a book about science. 他坐在那里，读着一本关于科学的书。 🔸 6. 数字生活常用句型（Unit 2） ▸ We can use smartphones to take photos. 我们可以用智能手机拍照。 ▸ The internet makes it easy to find information. 互联网使查找信息变得容易。 ▸ It is convenient to shop online. 网上购物很方便。 ▸ Social media is popular among teenagers. 社交媒体在青少年中很流行。 ▸ More and more people use digital devices every day. 越来越多的人每天使用数字设备。 ▸ Technology has changed the way we communicate. 科技改变了我们交流的方式。 🔸 7. 动词不定式常用句型（Unit 3） ▸ I want to read a book about science. 我想读一本关于科学的书。 ▸ She decided to become a scientist. 她决定成为一名科学家。 ▸ It is important to protect water resources. 保护水资源很重要。 ▸ It took me an hour to finish the experiment. 我花了一个小时完成实验。 ▸ My dream is to discover something new. 我的梦想是发现新事物。 ▸ I don't know how to use this device. 我不知道如何使用这个设备。 🔸 8. 过去进行时与现在完成时（Unit 3） ▸ We were conducting an experiment this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我们正在做实验。 ▸ While I was observing, the teacher came in. 当我正在观察时，老师进来了。 ▸ Scientists have made many important discoveries. 科学家们已经做出了许多重要发现。 ▸ I have never seen such a strange reaction before. 我以前从未见过如此奇怪的反应。 🔸 9. 强调句 / so...that / not only...but also（Unit 3） ▸ It was Edison who invented the light bulb. 是爱迪生发明了电灯泡。 ▸ The results were so surprising that we repeated the experiment. 结果如此令人惊讶，以至于我们重复了实验。 ▸ Scientists not only observe but also analyze carefully. 科学家不仅观察，还仔细分析。 📖 第三部分：期中重点语法汇总 🔹 语法一：被动语态（Unit 1 & 3） 【核心结构】be + 过去分词 (be + V-ed) 【一般现在时被动】am/is/are + V-ed Water is used for drinking every day. English is spoken all over the world. 【一般过去时被动】was/were + V-ed The letter was written by him yesterday. The book was published in 2020. 【情态动词被动】情态动词 + be + V-ed Water should be saved. The room must be cleaned. 【现在进行时被动】am/is/are being + V-ed The roads are being repaired now. 【现在完成时被动】have/has been + V-ed The work has been finished. Many discoveries have been made. 【被动语态否定】be + not + V-ed The letter wasn't sent yesterday. 【被动语态疑问】Be + 主语 + V-ed...? Is English spoken here? 【注意】不及物动词不能用于被动语态：happen, die, appear, disappear 🔹 语法二：时间状语从句（Unit 1） 【常用连词】when / before / as / while / until / as soon as when — 当……时（短暂或持续动作均可） When water gets cold, it freezes. before — 在……之前 We must act before it's too late. as — 随着…… / 当……时（强调同步） As the water disappeared, we prepared to leave. while — 当……时（强调持续动作，常接进行时） While I was reading, he came in. until — 直到……为止 We waited until the rain stopped. as soon as — 一……就…… I'll call you as soon as I arrive. 【主将从现原则】时间状语从句中，主句将来时，从句用一般现在时 We will leave as soon as the bell rings. 🔹 语法三：条件状语从句 If / Unless（Unit 1） 【If 条件句（真实条件）】 结构：If + 一般现在时, 主语 + will/can/may + 动词原形 If you heat water to 100°C, it will boil. If we don't save water, we will run out of it. 【Unless = If...not】 Unless it rains, the plants will die. = If it doesn't rain, the plants will die. 【主将从现】if 从句用一般现在时表将来，不用 will ❌ If it will rain, we will stay home. ✅ If it rains, we will stay home. 🔹 语法四：动词不定式 to do（Unit 3） 【基本结构】to + 动词原形（否定：not to do） 【作主语】To learn English is important. 常用 it 作形式主语：It is important to learn English. 常见句型：It is + adj. + to do It is difficult to answer this question. It takes + 时间 + to do It took me an hour to finish the work. 【作宾语】跟在 want, hope, decide, agree, refuse, promise, plan, choose, expect, learn, try, begin, start 等动词后 I want to go home. / She hopes to become a teacher. He decided not to go to the party. 【带疑问词的不定式】what/when/how/which/whether + to do I don't know what to do next. Can you tell me how to get to the station? 【作宾语补足语】ask/tell/want/allow/advise/encourage + sb. + to do She asked me to help her. The teacher told us to study hard. 【省略 to 的情况】使役动词和感官动词 make/let/have/see/hear/watch + 宾语 + 动词原形 He made me cry. / I saw him leave. 【作表语】主语 + be + to do My dream is to become a doctor. Our task is to complete the project. 🔹 语法五：过去进行时（Unit 3） 【结构】was/were + 现在分词 (V-ing) 【用法一】过去某一时刻正在进行的动作 I was doing homework at 9 last night. We were conducting an experiment this time yesterday. 【用法二】过去两个同时进行的动作（while 连接） She was cooking while I was cleaning. While I was observing, the teacher came in. 【用法三】为过去事件做背景描述 The sun was shining when we left. 【与一般过去时的区别】 过去进行时 → 强调动作的持续性 一般过去时 → 强调动作的完成性 I was reading at 8 pm.（持续） vs I read a book yesterday.（完成） 【时间标志词】at...o'clock yesterday, this time yesterday, when/while 引导的时间状语从句, all morning, the whole day 🔹 语法六：现在完成时（Unit 3） 【结构】have/has + 过去分词 【用法一】已完成用法（对现在的影响）— already, just, yet I have finished my homework. (already 隐含) She has just arrived. Have you eaten yet? — Not yet. 【用法二】未完成用法（持续状态）— for + 时间段, since + 时间点 We have lived here for 10 years. He has studied English since 2020. 【用法三】经历用法（曾经做过）— ever, never, before Have you ever been to Wuhan? I have never seen such a strange reaction before. 【否定句】have/has + not + 过去分词 They haven't seen the movie. 【疑问句】Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词...? Has the train arrived yet? 🎯 第四部分：十大重点易错考点专项训练 （全部为选择题 · 基础题3题 + 提升题3题 + 拓展题3题） ⭐ 考点一：被动语态的时态判断与时态一致（be + V-ed） ◇ 基础题（选择题） ◇ 1. Water ______ in many ways in our daily life. We can't live without it. A. uses B. is used C. was used D. used ◇ 2. The letter ______ by Olivia yesterday. She was very happy. A. writes B. wrote C. was written D. is written ◇ 3. English ______ in many countries around the world. A. speaks B. is spoken C. was spoken D. has spoken ▷ 提升题（选择题） ▷ 1. The roads near our school ______ now. We have to take another way. A. repair B. are repaired C. are being repaired D. were repaired ▷ 2. A lot of water ______ in our city every day. We should save it. A. wastes B. is wasted C. was wasted D. has wasted ▷ 3. The experiment results ______ by the scientist last week. A. analyze B. analyzed C. were analyzed D. are analyzed ★ 拓展题（选择题） ★ 1. Choose the CORRECT passive sentence: A. The song was sang by her. B. The song was sung by her. C. The song is sang by her. D. The song has sang by her. ★ 2. Many important discoveries ______ in this field over the past few years. A. make B. made C. have made D. have been made ★ 3. The book about water cycle ______ into many languages so far. A. translates B. translated C. was translated D. has been translated ⭐ 考点二：if / unless 条件状语从句（主将从现原则） ◇ 基础题（选择题） ◇ 1. If it ______ tomorrow, we will stay at home and read books. A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining ◇ 2. Unless you ______ hard, you won't pass the exam. A. study B. studies C. will study D. are studying ◇ 3. If Chen Wei ______ early, he can catch the first bus to school. A. get up B. gets up C. will get up D. is getting up ▷ 提升题（选择题） ▷ 1. We ______ water if we don't turn off the tap when brushing teeth. A. waste B. will waste C. wasted D. are wasting ▷ 2. Unless the teacher ______ us, we won't know how to do the experiment. A. helps B. will help C. helped D. is helping ▷ 3. If Olivia ______ her homework tonight, she can go to the park tomorrow. A. finishes B. will finish C. finished D. is finishing ★ 拓展题（选择题） ★ 1. Which is CORRECT? A. If it will rain, we will cancel the trip. B. If it rains, we will cancel the trip. C. If it rained, we will cancel the trip. D. If it is raining, we will cancel the trip. ★ 2. Unless Lily ______ the password, she won't be able to log in. A. remembers B. will remember C. remembered D. is remembering ★ 3. If they ______ the meeting tomorrow, please tell me. A. attend B. will attend C. attended D. are attending ⭐ 考点三：时间状语从句（when / while / as / as soon as） ◇ 基础题（选择题） ◇ 1. ______ I was walking to school, it started to rain heavily. A. When B. While C. As soon as D. Until ◇ 2. I'll call you ______ I arrive in Qingdao. A. when B. while C. as D. during ◇ 3. ______ the water gets very cold, it freezes into ice. A. When B. While C. As soon as D. A and B are both OK ▷ 提升题（选择题） ▷ 1. The students were doing experiments ______ the teacher walked into the lab. A. while B. when C. as D. during ▷ 2. ______ the sun rose, the fog slowly disappeared. A. As B. While C. During D. Until ▷ 3. We waited ______ the rain stopped completely. A. when B. while C. until D. as soon as ★ 拓展题（选择题） ★ 1. Which is WRONG? A. While I was reading, he was watching TV. B. When she arrived, we were having dinner. C. As soon as the bell rang, we left. D. While he will come, I will tell you. ★ 2. ______ I was observing the chemical reaction, the teacher came in and asked me a question. A. When B. While C. As D. B and C are both OK ★ 3. I was about to leave ______ the phone rang. A. when B. while C. as D. until ⭐ 考点四：动词不定式 to do 的用法（作主语/宾语/宾补/表语） ◇ 基础题（选择题） ◇ 1. Olivia wants ______ a scientist when she grows up. A. become B. to become C. becoming D. became ◇ 2. It is important ______ water every day. A. drink B. to drink C. drinking D. drank ◇ 3. The teacher told Chen Wei ______ harder at school. A. study B. to study C. studying D. studied ▷ 提升题（选择题） ▷ 1. My dream is ______ a discovery that helps people live better. A. make B. to make C. making D. made ▷ 2. I don't know ______ to use this new digital device. Can you help me? A. what B. when C. how D. which ▷ 3. It took Zhang Hao two hours ______ the science project last night. A. finish B. to finish C. finishing D. finished ★ 拓展题（选择题） ★ 1. Which is WRONG? A. She decided to go home early. B. He hopes to visit Beijing. C. They made to work harder. D. My mom asked me to clean my room. ★ 2. Lily's hobby is ______ photos of nature with her digital camera. A. take B. to take C. taking D. took ★ 3. The question is ______ to solve this difficult maths problem. A. what B. when C. how D. which ⭐ 考点五：使役动词与感官动词后省略 to 的不定式（make/let/have/see/hear/watch） ◇ 基础题（选择题） ◇ 1. The teacher made the naughty boy ______ the classroom. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned ◇ 2. I saw Bella ______ the library just now. She was looking for a book. A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. entered ◇ 3. Mum let Olivia ______ TV for half an hour after finishing homework. A. watch B. to watch C. watching D. watched ▷ 提升题（选择题） ▷ 1. We heard someone ______ at the door. It was the postman. A. knock B. to knock C. knocking D. knocked ▷ 2. The strange noise made everyone in the classroom ______ frightened. A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt ▷ 3. Jam was made ______ the piano for two hours by his mother. A. practise B. to practise C. practising D. practised ★ 拓展题（选择题） ★ 1. Choose the CORRECT sentence: A. She made him to cry. B. He was made cry by her. C. He was made to cry by her. D. She made him crying. ★ 2. I watched the children ______ happily in the park yesterday afternoon. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played ★ 3. The loud music made it difficult for us ______ properly. A. concentrate B. to concentrate C. concentrating D. concentrated ⭐ 考点六：过去进行时（was/were + V-ing）的用法与辨析 ◇ 基础题（选择题） ◇ 1. I ______ a book at 8 o'clock last night. I wasn't watching TV. A. read B. was reading C. were reading D. have read ◇ 2. While Chen Wei ______ football, it started to rain. A. plays B. played C. was playing D. has played ◇ 3. — What were you doing at 9 am yesterday? — I ______ an experiment in the lab. A. do B. did C. was doing D. have done ▷ 提升题（选择题） ▷ 1. The students ______ a maths test when the headmaster walked in. A. take B. took C. were taking D. have taken ▷ 2. As we ______ along the river, we saw a beautiful bird. A. walk B. walked C. were walking D. are walking ▷ 3. Olivia ______ TV all evening yesterday, so she didn't finish her homework. A. watches B. watched C. was watching D. has watched ★ 拓展题（选择题） ★ 1. Which is CORRECT? A. When I arrived, she was cooking dinner. B. When I arrived, she cooked dinner. C. While I was sleeping, the phone was ringing. D. A and C are both OK ★ 2. Zhou Kai and his brother ______ computer games when their mum came home. A. play B. played C. were playing D. have played ★ 3. I was about to leave the classroom ______ the teacher called my name. A. when B. while C. as D. until ⭐ 考点七：现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）与 for/since 辨析 ◇ 基础题（选择题） ◇ 1. Olivia ______ her homework already. She can go out to play now. A. finishes B. finished C. has finished D. will finish ◇ 2. Chen Wei and Jam ______ to Xiamen twice. They love the beach there. A. have been B. has been C. have gone D. had been ◇ 3. I ______ this movie before. It's really boring. A. don't see B. didn't see C. haven't seen D. won't see ▷ 提升题（选择题） ▷ 1. Lily has lived in Kunming ______ 2018. She loves the spring weather there. A. for B. since C. in D. from ▷ 2. They have known each other ______ many years. They are best friends. A. since B. for C. from D. in ▷ 3. — Have you ever ______ to Wuhan? — Yes, I went there last summer. A. go B. went C. been D. gone ★ 拓展题（选择题） ★ 1. Which is WRONG? A. She has lived here for ten years. B. He has gone to Beijing. (He is still in Beijing.) C. They have been to Japan three times. D. I have finished the work since two hours. ★ 2. Bella ______ in this school since she was six years old. A. studies B. studied C. has studied D. is studying ★ 3. The scientist ______ many important discoveries so far this year. A. makes B. made C. has made D. is making ⭐ 考点八：The + 比较级..., the + 比较级... 与 so...that / such...that 辨析 ◇ 基础题（选择题） ◇ 1. The more water we use, the more energy ______ needed for treatment. A. is B. are C. was D. were ◇ 2. The more you practise speaking English, ______ your spoken English will become. A. better B. the better C. best D. the best ◇ 3. The box is ______ heavy ______ Olivia can't lift it by herself. A. too; to B. so; that C. such; that D. enough; to ▷ 提升题（选择题） ▷ 1. It was ______ a wonderful discovery ______ the whole world was shocked. A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. enough; to ▷ 2. The more experiments scientists do, ______ they will learn about nature. A. more B. the more C. most D. the most ▷ 3. They are ______ smart students ______ they always get top grades. A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. enough; to ★ 拓展题（选择题） ★ 1. Which is WRONG? A. The more you read, the smarter you become. B. She is so tired that she can't walk. C. It is such an interesting book that everyone wants to read it. D. He is enough strong to lift the heavy box. ★ 2. The question was ______ difficult ______ none of the students could answer it. A. too; to B. so; that C. such; that D. enough; to ★ 3. The ______ you start, the ______ you will finish. A. earlier; sooner B. earliest; soonest C. early; soon D. more early; more soon ⭐ 考点九：情态动词的被动语态（should/can/must + be + V-ed） ◇ 基础题（选择题） ◇ 1. Water ______ every day. It is a limited resource. A. should save B. should be saved C. should be save D. should saved ◇ 2. The classroom ______ before the teacher arrives. A. must clean B. must be cleaned C. must be cleaning D. must cleaned ◇ 3. Digital devices ______ carefully. They are expensive. A. should use B. should be used C. should be use D. should used ▷ 提升题（选择题） ▷ 1. The experiment results ______ by the teacher tomorrow. A. will check B. will be checked C. are checked D. were checked ▷ 2. The window ______ immediately. It's very cold outside. A. must close B. must be closed C. must be close D. must closing ▷ 3. More trees ______ to protect the environment. A. should plant B. should be planted C. should be plant D. should planted ★ 拓展题（选择题） ★ 1. Choose the CORRECT sentence: A. The work must be do tomorrow. B. The work must be done tomorrow. C. The work must done tomorrow. D. The work must be did tomorrow. ★ 2. The new digital device ______ in our school next term. A. will use B. will be used C. is used D. was used ★ 3. All the water in the pool ______ before the match starts. A. must test B. must be tested C. must be test D. must testing ⭐ 考点十：易混固定搭配 + 主谓一致 + 情景交际 ◇ 基础题（选择题） ◇ 1. It is important for us ______ how to save water. A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned ◇ 2. The number of students who use digital devices ______ increasing every year. A. is B. are C. was D. were ◇ 3. — I lost my smartphone yesterday. — ______. You can use my laptop. A. So do I B. Neither do I C. Don't worry D. So I do ▷ 提升题（选择题） ▷ 1. Not only the students but also the teacher ______ excited about the science experiment. A. are B. were C. is D. have been ▷ 2. Each of the students ______ a digital device for online learning. A. have B. has C. are having D. were having ▷ 3. — Olivia can speak three languages. — ______. She is really talented. A. So can Jam B. So Jam can C. Neither can Jam D. So Jam does ★ 拓展题（选择题） ★ 1. Which is CORRECT? A. There is many books on the desk. B. There are many books on the desk. C. There has many books on the desk. D. There have many books on the desk. ★ 2. — I have never been to Wuhan. — ______. Let's go there together this summer! A. So do I B. Neither do I C. So have I D. Neither have I ★ 3. In my opinion, we should pay more attention ______ protecting water resources. A. of B. to C. on D. for ✅ 第五部分：参考答案及详细解析 参考答案 — 考点一：被动语态的时态判断与时态一致（be + V-ed） ◇ 基础题答案： 1. B. is used 💡 every day 提示一般现在时。water 与 use 是被动关系，用 is used。 2. C. was written 💡 yesterday 过去时间，letter 与 write 是被动关系，用 was written。 3. B. is spoken 💡 客观事实用一般现在时。English 与 speak 是被动关系，用 is spoken。 ▷ 提升题答案： 1. C. are being repaired 💡 now 提示现在进行时。road 与 repair 是被动关系，用 are being repaired。 2. B. is wasted 💡 every day 一般现在时。water 与 waste 是被动关系，用 is wasted。 3. C. were analyzed 💡 last week 过去时间，results 与 analyze 是被动关系，用 were analyzed。 ★ 拓展题答案： 1. B. The song was sung by her. 💡 sing 的过去分词是 sung（不规则变化）。A 用 sang 错；C 用 is+sang 错；D 用 has+sang 错。 2. D. have been made 💡 over the past few years 用现在完成时。discoveries 与 make 是被动关系，用 have been made。 3. D. has been translated 💡 so far 用现在完成时。book 与 translate 是被动关系，用 has been translated。 参考答案 — 考点二：if / unless 条件状语从句（主将从现原则） ◇ 基础题答案： 1. B. rains 💡 if 条件句遵循主将从现：主句 will stay，从句用一般现在时 rains。 2. A. study 💡 unless = if...not，遵循主将从现。主语 you，用动词原形 study。 3. B. gets up 💡 if 从句用一般现在时。Chen Wei 第三人称单数，用 gets up。 ▷ 提升题答案： 1. B. will waste 💡 if 从句用一般现在时（don't turn），主句用一般将来时 will waste。 2. A. helps 💡 unless 从句用一般现在时。the teacher 第三人称单数，用 helps。 3. A. finishes 💡 if 从句用一般现在时表将来。Olivia 第三人称单数，用 finishes。 ★ 拓展题答案： 1. B. If it rains, we will cancel the trip. 💡 if 条件句主将从现：从句用一般现在时 rains，主句用 will cancel。A 错在 will rain；C 时态不一致；D 进行时不如一般现在时规范。 2. A. remembers 💡 unless 从句用一般现在时。Lily 第三人称单数，用 remembers。 3. A. attend 💡 if 条件句用一般现在时表将来。they 复数，用 attend。 参考答案 — 考点三：时间状语从句（when / while / as / as soon as） ◇ 基础题答案： 1. B. While 💡 while 强调持续动作，后接进行时态 was walking。句意：当我正走路去学校时，下起了大雨。 2. A. when 💡 as soon as 也可，但 when 在此表示"当……时"。I arrive 是短暂动作，用 when 不用 while。 3. D. A and B are both OK 💡 when 和 while 都可引导时间状语从句。gets 是状态变化，when 更常用；while 也可表示"当……期间"。 ▷ 提升题答案： 1. B. when 💡 when 可接短暂动作 walked into。were doing 是持续动作，when 表示"正在做实验时老师进来了"。 2. A. As 💡 as 强调两个动作同步发生，"随着太阳升起，雾慢慢消散"。while 需接持续动作；during 是介词不接从句。 3. C. until 💡 until 表示"直到……为止"。句意：我们一直等到雨完全停了。 ★ 拓展题答案： 1. D. While he will come, I will tell you. 💡 while 引导的从句不能用将来时 will come。应改为 When he comes, I will tell you. 2. D. B and C are both OK 💡 while 和 as 都可表示"当……时"，后接持续动作 was observing。when 也可但更侧重时间点。 3. A. when 💡 be about to do...when... 是固定句型，表示"正要做……突然……"。when = at that moment。 参考答案 — 考点四：动词不定式 to do 的用法（作主语/宾语/宾补/表语） ◇ 基础题答案： 1. B. to become 💡 want to do sth. 固定搭配，不定式作宾语。句意：奥利维亚想长大后成为一名科学家。 2. B. to drink 💡 It is + adj. + to do 句型，it 是形式主语，真正主语是 to drink water。 3. B. to study 💡 tell sb. to do sth. 不定式作宾语补足语。句意：老师叫陈伟在学校更努力学习。 ▷ 提升题答案： 1. B. to make 💡 不定式 to do 作表语，说明主语 content。My dream is to make... 我的梦想是做出…… 2. C. how 💡 疑问词 + 不定式。how to use 表示"如何使用"。句意：我不知道如何使用这个新的数字设备。 3. B. to finish 💡 It takes + 时间 + to do 句型。it 是形式主语，to finish 是真正主语。 ★ 拓展题答案： 1. C. They made to work harder. 💡 make 是使役动词，后接宾语 + 动词原形（不带 to）。应改为 They were made to work harder（被动时才加 to）。 2. B. to take 💡 不定式 to do 作表语，说明 hobby 的内容。be + to do 表示"是做……"。 3. C. how 💡 how to solve 表示"如何解决"。句意：问题是如何解决这道数学难题。how 指方式。 参考答案 — 考点五：使役动词与感官动词后省略 to 的不定式（make/let/have/see/hear/watch） ◇ 基础题答案： 1. A. clean 💡 make sb. do sth. 使役动词后接动词原形（不带 to）。句意：老师让那个淘气的男孩打扫教室。 2. A. enter 💡 see sb. do sth. 感官动词后接动词原形，表示看到动作的全过程。 3. A. watch 💡 let sb. do sth. 使役动词后接动词原形（不带 to）。 ▷ 提升题答案： 1. A. knock 💡 hear sb. do sth. 感官动词后接动词原形，表示听到动作的全过程。 2. A. feel 💡 make sb. do sth. 使役动词后接动词原形。feel 是动词原形。 3. B. to practise 💡 主动语态 make sb. do；变为被动语态时 to 要还原：be made to do sth. ★ 拓展题答案： 1. C. He was made to cry by her. 💡 主动：She made him cry.（无 to）；被动：He was made to cry.（to 还原）。A 错在 to cry；B 缺 to；D cry 应用原形。 2. A. play 💡 watch sb. do sth. 感官动词后接动词原形，表示看到动作的全过程。playing 强调正在进行，但此处 do 更自然。 3. B. to concentrate 💡 make it + adj. + to do 是固定结构。it 是形式宾语，to concentrate 是真正宾语。 参考答案 — 考点六：过去进行时（was/were + V-ing）的用法与辨析 ◇ 基础题答案： 1. B. was reading 💡 at 8 o'clock last night 是过去具体时刻，用过去进行时 was reading。I 用 was。 2. C. was playing 💡 while 引导的时间状语从句，强调过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时 was playing。 3. C. was doing 💡 at 9 am yesterday 过去具体时刻，用过去进行时 was doing。问句也用了 were you doing。 ▷ 提升题答案： 1. C. were taking 💡 when 引导的从句用一般过去时 walked in，主句用过去进行时 were taking 表示正在进行的动作被打断。 2. C. were walking 💡 as 强调两个动作同步发生。we 复数用 were walking。句意：当我们正沿着河边走时，看到了一只美丽的鸟。 3. C. was watching 💡 all evening yesterday 强调过去某段时间内持续的动作，用过去进行时 was watching。 ★ 拓展题答案： 1. D. A and C are both OK 💡 A 正确：过去进行时 was cooking 表示正在做饭时我到了。C 正确：while 接进行时，was ringing 表示电话正在响。 2. C. were playing 💡 when 从句用一般过去时 came，主句用过去进行时 were playing。Zhou Kai and his brother 复数用 were。 3. A. when 💡 be about to do...when... 固定句型，表示"正要……突然……"。when 在此 = at that moment。 参考答案 — 考点七：现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）与 for/since 辨析 ◇ 基础题答案： 1. C. has finished 💡 already 是现在完成时标志词。Olivia 第三人称单数，用 has finished。 2. A. have been 💡 have been to 表示"去过（已回来）"。Chen Wei and Jam 复数，用 have been。 3. C. haven't seen 💡 before 是现在完成时标志词。I 用 have，否定 haven't seen。句意：我以前没看过这部电影。 ▷ 提升题答案： 1. B. since 💡 since + 时间点（2018），用于现在完成时。for + 时间段（如 for 6 years）。 2. B. for 💡 for + 时间段（many years），用于现在完成时。since 接时间点。 3. C. been 💡 Have you ever been to...? 固定句型，表示"你曾经去过……吗？"。ever 是现在完成时标志词。 ★ 拓展题答案： 1. D. I have finished the work since two hours. 💡 since 接时间点，不接时间段。two hours 是时间段，应用 for two hours。D 错。 2. C. has studied 💡 since + 时间点（she was six），用现在完成时 has studied。Bella 第三人称单数用 has。 3. C. has made 💡 so far 和 this year 都是现在完成时标志词。scientist 单数用 has made。 参考答案 — 考点八：The + 比较级..., the + 比较级... 与 so...that / such...that 辨析 ◇ 基础题答案： 1. A. is 💡 The + 比较级..., the + 比较级... 结构。energy 是不可数名词，用 is。 2. B. the better 💡 The + 比较级..., the + 比较级... 结构。前后都要加 the。good 的比较级是 better。 3. B. so; that 💡 so + adj. (heavy) + that 从句。句意：盒子太重了，奥利维亚自己搬不动。 ▷ 提升题答案： 1. B. such; that 💡 such + a/an + adj. + 单数名词 (discovery) + that 从句。discovery 是单数可数名词。 2. B. the more 💡 The + 比较级..., the + 比较级... 结构。前面 the more experiments，后面 the more they will learn。 3. B. such; that 💡 such + adj. + 复数名词 (students) + that 从句。students 是复数名词。 ★ 拓展题答案： 1. D. He is enough strong to lift the heavy box. 💡 enough 修饰形容词应放在形容词之后：strong enough。D 错在 enough strong。 2. B. so; that 💡 so + adj. (difficult) + that 从句。none of the students could answer 是完整句子。 3. A. earlier; sooner 💡 The + 比较级..., the + 比较级... 结构。early 的比较级是 earlier；soon 的比较级是 sooner。 参考答案 — 考点九：情态动词的被动语态（should/can/must + be + V-ed） ◇ 基础题答案： 1. B. should be saved 💡 情态动词被动结构：should + be + V-ed。water 与 save 是被动关系。 2. B. must be cleaned 💡 must + be + V-ed 情态动词被动语态。classroom 与 clean 是被动关系。 3. B. should be used 💡 should + be + V-ed。devices 与 use 是被动关系，用 should be used。 ▷ 提升题答案： 1. B. will be checked 💡 tomorrow 将来时。将来时被动：will + be + V-ed。results 与 check 是被动关系。 2. B. must be closed 💡 must + be + V-ed。window 与 close 是被动关系，用 must be closed。 3. B. should be planted 💡 should + be + V-ed。trees 与 plant 是被动关系，用 should be planted。 ★ 拓展题答案： 1. B. The work must be done tomorrow. 💡 情态动词被动：must + be + 过去分词。do 的过去分词是 done。A 用 do 错；C 缺 be；D 用 did 错。 2. B. will be used 💡 next term 将来时。device 与 use 是被动关系，用 will be used。 3. B. must be tested 💡 must + be + V-ed。water 与 test 是被动关系，用 must be tested。 参考答案 — 考点十：易混固定搭配 + 主谓一致 + 情景交际 ◇ 基础题答案： 1. B. to learn 💡 It is + adj. + for sb. + to do 句型。important 描述事情用 for。真正主语是 to learn。 2. A. is 💡 the number of + 复数名词 作主语，谓语用单数。number 是单数，用 is。 3. C. Don't worry 💡 情景交际。对方丢了手机，安慰用 Don't worry。句意：别担心，你可以用我的笔记本电脑。 ▷ 提升题答案： 1. C. is 💡 not only...but also... 就近原则，谓语与 the teacher（单数）一致，用 is。 2. B. has 💡 Each of + 复数名词 作主语，谓语用单数。each 是单数，用 has。 3. A. So can Jam 💡 So + 助动词 + 主语，表示"某人也一样"。can speak 对应 So can Jam。 ★ 拓展题答案： 1. B. There are many books on the desk. 💡 There be 句型遵循就近原则。books 复数用 are。C/D 错在用 has/have 替代 be。 2. D. Neither have I 💡 Neither/Nor + 助动词 + 主语，表示"我也不……"。have never been 否定，用 Neither have I。 3. B. to 💡 pay attention to 是固定搭配，to 是介词。句意：依我看，我们应该更加注意保护水资源。 — 第 页 — 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $