专题06 冠词（讲义）-【2027版】广西（对口考试）《英语一轮讲练测》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：【2027版】广西（对口考试）《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复 习课件、专项训练、综合训练，在编写中融入支架式教学理念，紧扣教材，将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单，以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础，再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强，实操性好，为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径，高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是【2027版】广西（对口考试）《英语一轮讲练测》的第6个专题，内容为冠词。 【2027版】广西（对口考试）《英语一轮讲练测》 专题06 冠词 复习讲义 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 不定冠词a/an （1）用法 （2）固定搭配 即时训练 考点2 定冠词the （1）用法 （2）固定搭配 即时训练 考点3 零冠词 04 真题溯源·考向感知 【复习目标】 一、冠词考纲核心考点 冠词是中职对口高考必考语法点，考查分为三大类：不定冠词 a/an、定冠词 the、零冠词（不使用冠词的场景）。 广西对口高考真题核心考查内容：不定冠词与定冠词的区分及语境运用。 二、冠词三大备考核心要求 清晰掌握冠词在全卷各题型分值占比、常规出题形式； 精准区分不定冠词、定冠词易混使用场景，辨别用法差异； 熟记固定搭配、场景下三类冠词的标准使用规则。 三、细分考查范围 不定冠词 a/an：元音 / 辅音音素区分、泛指单数名词固定用法； 定冠词 the：特指人 / 物、专有名词、序数词、乐器、江河湖海等固定搭配； 零冠词：三餐、球类、学科、节日、人名地名等不加冠词场景。 四、新考纲题型分布（冠词出题板块） 语篇语法填空：短文挖空，结合上下文泛指 / 特指关系，填写 a/an/the； 完形填空：高频考点，依托段落语境判断名词前匹配的冠词； 阅读理解：原文大量使用冠词区分泛指、特指，冠词理解影响关键信息定位； 书面表达（隐性扣分点）：写作时冠词误用、漏写是高频语法错误，规范使用冠词可减少基础失分。 注意事项：根据广西新版考纲，对语法和词汇的直接考查由原来的单项选择改为语篇的选词填空、完形填空题型。因此，本专题即时训练在保留单项选择、填空等基础训练形式的同时，也设置了真题模拟题型，帮助学生在新旧题型之间完成知识和能力的平稳过渡。 1. 冠词考点分布 考点 内容解读 举例 不定冠词 a+辅音音素 I have a book. 我有一本书。 an+元音音素 I want an apple. 我想要一个苹果。 定冠词 the 表特指 The apple is red. 这个苹果是红色的。 零冠词 零冠词主要表泛指 Water is very important for us. 水对于我们来说很重要。 【考点一 不定冠词(a、an)的用法】 口诀：只要表示“一”，就用a或an。 a用在辅音音素开头的单词或字母前，an用在元音音素开头的单词或字母前。 1.泛指一个 My father is __________ driver.我的父亲是一个司机。 Do you like __________ apple or __________ pear? 你喜欢苹果还是梨? 2.泛指一类 __________ elephant is bigger than __________ horse.大象比马大。 __________ monkey can climb trees. 猴子会爬树。 __________ cat likes eating fish.猫喜欢吃鱼。 3. 某一 __________ Mrs. Smith called you this morning, but you were out. 今天早上一个史密斯夫人给你打电话了，但是你出去了。 4.有些不可数名词要表示“一种”“一场”“一堆”时，须加不定冠词。 __________ heavy snow 一场大雪 __________ strong wind 一阵猛烈的风 make __________ fire 生火 5.a/an+序数词，表示“又一，再一” 6.表示价钱、时间、速度等的“每一” We play football twice __________ week.我们每周踢两次足球。 7. 固定搭配 half an hour 半小时 have a rest 休息 have a good time 玩得愉快 in a word 总之 a lot of 许多 a pair of 一双 as a result 因此 【限时训练】 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入适当的词或用括号里的词的正确形式填空。 Space exploration has always been ____1____ (a) exciting field for humans. In recent years, China has made great progress in this area. A group of ____2____ (science) work hard day and night to make the space dreams come true. Last month, a new spacecraft ____3____ (send) into space successfully. It carried some special experiments (实验) to study the secrets of the universe. The scientists hope these experiments will____4____ (help) them understand space____5____ (good) than before. The astronauts (宇航员) on the spacecraft are very brave. They have to train____6____ (hard) for a long time before the journey. During the trip, they keep in touch ____7____ the ground control center (地面控制中心) by using special communication tools. They record everything they see and ____8____ (collection) valuable data for future research. Space exploration is not only about discovering new things ____9____ also about showing the power of human science and technology. With the ____10____ (develop) of science, we believe that humans will achieve more amazing results in space in the future. 【考点二 定冠词的用法】 1. 特指这个、这些、那个、那些, 能够确定数量和范围 I got __________ job two years ago and I enjoyed __________ job very much.两年前我找到一份工作，并且我非常喜欢这份工作。 2.特指说话的双方知道的 Open __________ door, please! 请打开那扇门。 3.世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词 the __________ sun 太阳 __________ moon月亮 __________ earth地球 4.第二次提到过的人或物 I read __________ story. __________ story was very interesting. 我读到一个故事，这个故事非常有趣。 5.the+形容词，表示一类人或事物 __________ old 老人__________ young 年轻人__________ poor 穷人__________ rich 富人 __________ sick 病人__________ deaf 聋人 6.the+地理名称的专有名词、由普通名词构成的专有名词 (1)用在一些由地理名称构成的专有名词前 类别 例词 江河 the Yangtze River 长江，the Yellow River 黄河 湖泊 the West Lake西湖，the Chaohu Lake 巢湖 海洋 the Red Sea 红海，the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 山脉 the Tianshan Mountains 天山山脉 群岛 the Philippine Islands 菲律宾群岛 沙漠 the Sahara Desert 撒哈拉大沙漠 海峡 the Taiwan Strait 台湾海峡 海湾 the Persian Gulf 波斯湾 (2) 用在一些由普通名词构成的专有名词前 类别 例词 国名 the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国 机构名 the United Union 联合国 建筑名 the Great Wall 长城 组织名 the Communist Party of China 中国共产党 报刊名 the China Daily《中国日报》 7.固定搭配 (1)in+the+方位名词 in the middle of在……的中间 in the east 在东方 in the front of 在……（内部的）前面 in front of 在……（外部的）前面 (2)动词+人+介词+the+人体部位 The policeman seizes __________ thief by __________ arm. 警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。 (3)by+the+表示计量单位的名词, 表示“按……计算” Part-time jobs are usually paid by __________ hour. 兼职通常是按照小时付工资。 (4) 常用短语 at the same time 同时 at the moment 此刻 in the habit of 习惯于 in the distance 在远处 in the daytime 在白天 in the sky 在天空中 in the end 最后 all the year round 一年到头 by the way 顺便说一下 on the right/left 在右 / 左面 on the contrary 相反地 on the phone 通过电话 on the spot 在场，到场；立即，马上；当场 go to the cinema 去看电影 on the one hand, on the other hand 一方面，另一方面 8.the+姓氏的复数, 表示某姓氏的一家人或某姓氏的夫妇二人 __________________________________________今年夏天布朗一家人将去上海度假。 9.表示弹奏某种乐器时，乐器名称前用定冠词the play the piano 弹钢琴 【限时训练】 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或用括号里单词的正确形式填空。 Last Sunday, my family and I ____11____ to the community park. It was a ___12___ (sun) morning, so the park was full of people. My little sister brought her favorite kite, ____13____ she couldn’t wait to fly it. First, my parents set up a picnic blanket under a big tree. I helped them take out food from the basket — there were sandwiches, fruits and ____14____ (bottle) of juice. While we were eating, we watched kids play nearby. Some ____15____ (run) around the grass, and others were playing frisbee. After lunch, my sister asked me to fly the kite with her. At first, the kite didn’t fly high. I told her ____16____ (be) patient. We tried again — this time, the wind blew strongly, and the kite went up quickly. My sister laughed ____17____ (happy) as she held the string. Later, we met our neighbor, Mr. Li. He was walking his dog. We talked ___18___ him for a while. He told us that he comes to the park every weekend ____19____ it helps him relax. When it was late afternoon, we packed up our things. My sister said it was ____20____ best day she had in months. I felt the same way. Before we left the park, we promised to come back next Sunday. 【考点三 零冠词】 1.泛指 (1)若用可数名词，则必然用其复数；还可用不可数名词。 Dogs are useful animals.狗是非常有用的动物。 Water is important for us. 水对我们来说很重要。 (2)特指这个、这些，可以确定数量和范围。 The famous singer is from China. 这个著名的歌手来自中国。 The famous singers are from China. 这些著名的歌手来自中国。 2. 某些含有拼音的专有名词前用零冠词physics 物理 geography地理 类别 例词 街道名 Changjiang Road 长江路，Wall Street 华尔街 广场名 Tian'anmen Square 天安门广场 车站名 Hefei Railway Station 合肥火车站 机场名 Hefei Xinqiao Airport 合肥新桥机场 大学名 Peking University 北京大学 3. 语言和学科名词前 English 英语、math 数学、physics 物理、Chinese 中文 4. 星期、月份、季节、年份前 We will have a sports meeting in October. 我们十月份要开运动会。 I was born in 2000. 我出生于2000年。 5.球类、棋类、三餐名词前 棋类：chess 象棋，bridge 桥牌 球类：football足球，basketball篮球，tennis 网球 三餐：breakfast 早餐，lunch 午餐，dinner晚餐，supper晚餐 The students usually have lunch at school.这些学生通常在学校吃午餐。 注意 当三餐前有形容词修饰时，可以用a或an。 It's a wonderful lunch.这是一顿美味的午餐。 6.节日和杂志前 杂志：Readers' Digest 读者文摘 节日：Children's Day 儿童节 注意 以 festival 结尾的节日要用 the。the Lantern festival 元宵节the spring festival 春节 7.名词前已有指示代词、物主代词或不定代词时 In our lives, we sometimes say or do something that may hurt others. 在我们的生活中， 我们有时说或者做可能会伤害其他人的事情。 8.职位和官衔前 头衔：mayor, chairman, monitor, captain, president John is captain of the football team.约翰是足球队的队长。 They elected him president of the society. 他们选他为协会会长。 【限时训练】 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 21．Mary lives in ______ China. A．the B．a C．an D．/ 22．John always plays ________ football after ________school. A．a; the B．the; a C．/ ;/ D．/ ; the 23．David usually plays ________ football after ________ school. A．a; the B．the; a C．/ ;/ D．/ ; the 24．______ old lady in pink spoke ______ Chinese well at ______ meeting. A．An; an; a B．The; /; an C．The; /; a D．The; /; the 25．Would you like to play ________ basketball with me after school? A．/ B．the C．a D．an 26．The cat is ______ orange. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 27．David often plays ________ basketball with his friends after school. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 28．What ________ exciting news! We must share it with everyone. A．a B．an C．/ D．the 29．— How long does it take us to go to your hometown from here? — It takes us ________ hour or more to go to my hometown by ________ train. A．an; the B．a; the C．an; / D．a;/ 30．We can’t see ________ sun at ________ night. A．the; the B．the; / C．a; / D．/; / （2024年云南单招） Smiling is the best way of making friends. When I was thirteen ____1____ old, my father found a job in the city. So my family moved there. I also came to ____2____ new school near ____3____ we lived. My old school was far away. At first, I did not know anyone in my class. I was very lonely ____4____ I was afraid to make friends with my classmates. I couldn’t talk to ____5____ about my problem, and I didn’t want my parents to worry about me. Then one day, something good ____6____. I was sitting at my desk ____7____ as usual while my classmates were talking happily with each other. At that moment, ____8____ came into the classroom. I didn’t know who he was. He passed me and then turned back. He looked ____9____ me, without a word, smiling. Suddenly, I felt happy, excited and warm. That smile changed my life. I started to talk with ____10____ classmates and made friends. Day by day, I became closer to everyone in my class. 1．A．months B．days C．weeks D．years 2．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 3．A．when B．that C．there D．where 4．A．because B．before C．after D．if 5．A．everyone B．anything C．anyone D．everything 6．A．happen B．happened C．happening D．has happened 7．A．early B．quickly C．wonderfully D．unhappily 8．A．a boy B．a girl C．some boys D．some girls 9．A．of B．in C．at D．into 10．A．other B．another C．others D．the other （2023年湖南单招） Friends play an important part in our lives, and although we may ____11____ the friendship for granted, we often ____12____ clearly understand ____13____ we make friends. While we get on well ____14____ a number of people, we are usually friends with only a very few. For example, the average among students is about 6 per person. In all the cases of friendly relationship, ____15____ people like each another and enjoy being together, but beyond that, the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons ____16____ their shared interest vary enormously. As we get to know people we take into account things like age, race, economic condition, social position, and intelligence. ____17____ these factors are not of prime importance, it is more difficult to get on with people ____18____ there is a marked difference in age and background. Some friendly ____19____ can be kept on argument and discussion, but it is usually for close friends to have ____20____ ideas and beliefs, to have attitudes and ____21____ in common — they often talk about “being on the same wavelength”. It generally ____22____ time to reach this point. And the more intimately involved people become, the____23____ they rely on one another. People want to do friends favors and hate to break ____24____ promise.____25____, friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and ____26____ differences of opinion. ____27____ contrast with marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the association between two people. But the supporting and understanding of each other ____28____ results from shared experiences and emotions ____29____ seem to create a powerful bond, which can overcome ____30____ in background and breakdown of age, class and race. 11．A．take B．look C．make D．have 12．A．do B．don’t C．should D．shouldn’t 13．A．how B．who C．when D．what 14．A．to B．with C．in D．for 15．A．one B．two C．some D．many 16．A．of B．that C．for D．why 17．A．If B．Because C．Whether D．Although 18．A．that B．where C．why D．when 19．A．people B．peoples C．relationships D．relationship 20．A．similar B．good C．different D．opposite 21．A．futures B．interests C．conflicts D．disagreements 22．A．spends B．costs C．takes D．wastes 23．A．better B．greater C．further D．more 24．A．a B．an C．/ D．the 25．A．Equally B．Eventually C．Especially D．Exactly 26．A．tolerance B．tolerating C．to tolerate D．tolerant 27．A．Against B．From C．To D．In 28．A．/ B．who C．that D．as 29．A．does B．do C．doing D．did 30．A．friendships B．positions C．differences D．opinions 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：【2027版】广西（对口考试）《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复 习课件、专项训练、综合训练，在编写中融入支架式教学理念，紧扣教材，将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单，以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础，再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强，实操性好，为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径，高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是【2027版】广西（对口考试）《英语一轮讲练测》的第6个专题，内容为冠词。 【2027版】广西（对口考试）《英语一轮讲练测》 专题06 冠词 复习讲义 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 不定冠词a/an （1）用法 （2）固定搭配 即时训练 考点2 定冠词the （1）用法 （2）固定搭配 即时训练 考点3 零冠词 04 真题溯源·考向感知 【复习目标】 一、冠词考纲核心考点 冠词是中职对口高考必考语法点，考查分为三大类：不定冠词 a/an、定冠词 the、零冠词（不使用冠词的场景）。 广西对口高考真题核心考查内容：不定冠词与定冠词的区分及语境运用。 二、冠词三大备考核心要求 清晰掌握冠词在全卷各题型分值占比、常规出题形式； 精准区分不定冠词、定冠词易混使用场景，辨别用法差异； 熟记固定搭配、场景下三类冠词的标准使用规则。 三、细分考查范围 不定冠词 a/an：元音 / 辅音音素区分、泛指单数名词固定用法； 定冠词 the：特指人 / 物、专有名词、序数词、乐器、江河湖海等固定搭配； 零冠词：三餐、球类、学科、节日、人名地名等不加冠词场景。 四、新考纲题型分布 语篇语法填空：短文挖空，结合上下文泛指 / 特指关系，填写 a/an/the； 完形填空：高频考点，依托段落语境判断名词前匹配的冠词； 阅读理解：原文大量使用冠词区分泛指、特指，冠词理解影响关键信息定位； 书面表达（隐性扣分点）：写作时冠词误用、漏写是高频语法错误，规范使用冠词可减少基础失分。 注意事项：根据广西新版考纲，对语法和词汇的直接考查由原来的单项选择改为语篇的选词填空、完形填空题型。因此，本专题即时训练在保留单项选择、填空等基础训练形式的同时，也设置了真题模拟题型，帮助学生在新旧题型之间完成知识和能力的平稳过渡。 1. 冠词考点分布 考点 内容解读 举例 不定冠词 a+辅音音素 I have a book. 我有一本书。 an+元音音素 I want an apple. 我想要一个苹果。 定冠词 the 表特指 The apple is red. 这个苹果是红色的。 零冠词 零冠词主要表泛指 Water is very important for us. 水对于我们来说很重要。 【考点一 不定冠词(a、an)的用法】 口诀：只要表示“一”，就用a或an。 a用在辅音音素开头的单词或字母前，an用在元音音素开头的单词或字母前。 1.泛指一个 My father is a driver.我的父亲是一个司机。 Do you like an apple or a pear? 你喜欢苹果还是梨? 2.泛指一类 An elephant is bigger than a horse.大象比马大。 A monkey can climb trees. 猴子会爬树。 A cat likes eating fish.猫喜欢吃鱼。 3. 某一 A Mrs. Smith called you this morning, but you were out. 今天早上一个史密斯夫人给你打电话了，但是你出去了。 4.有些不可数名词要表示“一种”“一场”“一堆”时，须加不定冠词。 A heavy snow 一场大雪 A strong wind 一阵猛烈的风 make a fire 生火 5.a/an+序数词，表示“又一，再一” 6.表示价钱、时间、速度等的“每一” We play football twice a week.我们每周踢两次足球。 7. 固定搭配 half an hour 半小时 have a rest 休息 have a good time 玩得愉快 in a word 总之 a lot of 许多 a pair of 一双 as a result 因此 【限时训练】 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入适当的词或用括号里的词的正确形式填空。 Space exploration has always been ____1____ (a) exciting field for humans. In recent years, China has made great progress in this area. A group of ____2____ (science) work hard day and night to make the space dreams come true. Last month, a new spacecraft ____3____ (send) into space successfully. It carried some special experiments (实验) to study the secrets of the universe. The scientists hope these experiments will____4____ (help) them understand space____5____ (good) than before. The astronauts (宇航员) on the spacecraft are very brave. They have to train____6____ (hard) for a long time before the journey. During the trip, they keep in touch ____7____ the ground control center (地面控制中心) by using special communication tools. They record everything they see and ____8____ (collection) valuable data for future research. Space exploration is not only about discovering new things ____9____ also about showing the power of human science and technology. With the ____10____ (develop) of science, we believe that humans will achieve more amazing results in space in the future. 【答案】 1．an 2．scientists 3．was sent 4．help 5．better 6．hard 7．with 8．collect 9．but 10．development 【导语】本文主要介绍了人类的太空探索领域，重点讲述了中国在该领域的进展、航天器发射及宇航员的相关工作，体现了太空探索的意义。 【详解】1．考查冠词。句意：太空探索对人类来说一直是一个令人兴奋的领域。“exciting”是以元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 2．考查名词。句意：一群科学家日夜努力让太空梦想成真。“a group of” 后接可数名词复数，science对应的表示“科学家”的名词是scientist，其复数形式为scientists。故填scientists。 3．考查被动语态。句意：上个月，一艘新的航天器成功被送入太空。spacecraft和send之间是被动关系，且时间状“Last month”表明用一般过去时，一般过去时的被动语态结构为“was /were +过去分词”，spacecraft是单数，send的过去分词是sent。故填was sent。 4．考查动词。句意：科学家们希望这些实验能帮助他们比以前更好地了解太空。will后接动词原形。故填help。 5．考查副词比较级。句意：科学家们希望这些实验能帮助他们比以前更好地了解太空。根据“than before”可知，要用比较级，good的副词形式well的比较级是better。故填better。 6．考查副词。句意：他们在旅程前必须刻苦训练很长时间。此处修饰动词train，应用副词hard表示（刻苦地）。故填hard。 7．考查介词。句意：在旅程中，他们通过特殊的通讯工具与地面控制中心保持联系。“keep in touch with”是固定搭配，意为“与……保持联系”。故填with。 8．考查动词。句意：他们记录下看到的一切，并为未来的研究收集有价值的数据。此处与record并列作谓语，主语是They，时态为一般现在时，应用动词原形collect。故填collect。 9．考查连词。句意：太空探索不仅是为了发现新事物，也是为了展示人类科技的力量。“not only ... but also ...”是固定搭配，意为“不仅……而且……”。故填but。 10．考查名词。句意：随着科学的发展，我们相信未来人类将在太空取得更惊人的成果。the后接名词，develop的名词形式是development。故填development。 【考点二 定冠词的用法】 1. 特指这个、这些、那个、那些, 能够确定数量和范围 I got a job two years ago and I enjoyed the job very much.两年前我找到一份工作，并且我非常喜欢这份工作。 2.特指说话的双方知道的 Open the door, please! 请打开那扇门。 3.世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词 the The sun 太阳 The moon月亮 The earth地球 4.第二次提到过的人或物 I read a story. The story was very interesting. 我读到一个故事，这个故事非常有趣。 5.the+形容词，表示一类人或事物 The old 老人The young 年轻人The poor 穷人The rich 富人 The sick 病人The deaf 聋人 6.the+地理名称的专有名词、由普通名词构成的专有名词 (1)用在一些由地理名称构成的专有名词前 类别 例词 江河 the Yangtze River 长江，the Yellow River 黄河 湖泊 the West Lake西湖，the Chaohu Lake 巢湖 海洋 the Red Sea 红海，the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 山脉 the Tianshan Mountains 天山山脉 群岛 the Philippine Islands 菲律宾群岛 沙漠 the Sahara Desert 撒哈拉大沙漠 海峡 the Taiwan Strait 台湾海峡 海湾 the Persian Gulf 波斯湾 (2) 用在一些由普通名词构成的专有名词前 类别 例词 国名 the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国 机构名 the United Union 联合国 建筑名 the Great Wall 长城 组织名 the Communist Party of China 中国共产党 报刊名 the China Daily《中国日报》 7.固定搭配 (1)in+the+方位名词 in the middle of在……的中间 in the east 在东方 in the front of 在……（内部的）前面 in front of 在……（外部的）前面 (2)动词+人+介词+the+人体部位 The policeman seizes the thief by the arm. 警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。 (3)by+the+表示计量单位的名词, 表示“按……计算” Part-time jobs are usually paid by the hour. 兼职通常是按照小时付工资。 (4) 常用短语 at the same time 同时 at the moment 此刻 in the habit of 习惯于 in the distance 在远处 in the daytime 在白天 in the sky 在天空中 in the end 最后 all the year round 一年到头 by the way 顺便说一下 on the right/left 在右 / 左面 on the contrary 相反地 on the phone 通过电话 on the spot 在场，到场；立即，马上；当场 go to the cinema 去看电影 on the one hand, on the other hand 一方面，另一方面 8.the+姓氏的复数, 表示某姓氏的一家人或某姓氏的夫妇二人 The Browns will go to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.今年夏天布朗一家人将去上海度假。 9.表示弹奏某种乐器时，乐器名称前用定冠词the play the piano 弹钢琴 【限时训练】 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或用括号里单词的正确形式填空。 Last Sunday, my family and I ____11____ to the community park. It was a ___12___ (sun) morning, so the park was full of people. My little sister brought her favorite kite, ____13____ she couldn’t wait to fly it. First, my parents set up a picnic blanket under a big tree. I helped them take out food from the basket — there were sandwiches, fruits and ____14____ (bottle) of juice. While we were eating, we watched kids play nearby. Some ____15____ (run) around the grass, and others were playing frisbee. After lunch, my sister asked me to fly the kite with her. At first, the kite didn’t fly high. I told her ____16____ (be) patient. We tried again — this time, the wind blew strongly, and the kite went up quickly. My sister laughed ____17____ (happy) as she held the string. Later, we met our neighbor, Mr. Li. He was walking his dog. We talked ___18___ him for a while. He told us that he comes to the park every weekend ____19____ it helps him relax. When it was late afternoon, we packed up our things. My sister said it was ____20____ best day she had in months. I felt the same way. Before we left the park, we promised to come back next Sunday. 【答案】 11．went 12．sunny 13．and 14．bottles 15．were running 16．to be 17．happily 18．with 19．because 20．the 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的时作者和家人一次去公园露营的经历。 11．考查动词时态。句意：上周日，我和我的家人去了社区公园。空处为句子的谓语，根据时间状语Last Sunday，可知句子的时态为一般过去时，空处应用动词过去式。故填went。 12．考查形容词。句意：那是一个阳光明媚的早晨，公园里人头攒动。空处为形容词修饰空后的名词morning。故填sunny。 13．考查并列连词。句意：我的小妹妹带来了她最喜欢的风筝，她迫不及待地想要放飞它。空处为连词连接两个句子，前后句为顺承关系，应用and。故填and。 14．考查名词。句意：我帮他们从篮子里取出了食物——有三明治、水果和果汁瓶。空处为名词作表语，空前无限定词修饰，应用复数的形式。故填bottles。 15．考查谓语动词。句意：一些人在草地上奔跑嬉戏，还有一些人在玩飞盘游戏。设空处为句子的谓语，根据“and others were playing frisbee. (其他人在玩飞盘。)”可知，空处为过去进行时，主语some指代some kids，为复数的形式。故填were running。 16．考查非谓语动词。句意：我告诉她要保持耐心。tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事，空处为动词不定式作宾补。故填to be。 17．考查副词。句意：我姐姐笑着握着那根绳子，看上去十分开心。空处为副词修饰动词laugh。故填happily。 18．考查介词。句意：我们和他聊了一会儿。talk with sb.和……交流，是固定短语。故填with。 19．考查连词。句意：他告诉我们，他每个周末都会来这个公园，因为这能让他放松下来。空处引导表语从句，表示“因为”，应用because。故填because。 20．考查冠词。句意：我姐姐说这是她几个月来过得最美好的一天。空后day为名词单数，空处为冠词，空后为最高级best，空处为定冠词the。故填the。 【考点三 零冠词】 1.泛指 (1)若用可数名词，则必然用其复数；还可用不可数名词。 Dogs are useful animals.狗是非常有用的动物。 Water is important for us. 水对我们来说很重要。 (2)特指这个、这些，可以确定数量和范围。 The famous singer is from China. 这个著名的歌手来自中国。 The famous singers are from China. 这些著名的歌手来自中国。 2. 某些含有拼音的专有名词前用零冠词physics 物理 geography地理 类别 例词 街道名 Changjiang Road 长江路，Wall Street 华尔街 广场名 Tian'anmen Square 天安门广场 车站名 Hefei Railway Station 合肥火车站 机场名 Hefei Xinqiao Airport 合肥新桥机场 大学名 Peking University 北京大学 3. 语言和学科名词前 English 英语、math 数学、physics 物理、Chinese 中文 4. 星期、月份、季节、年份前 We will have a sports meeting in October. 我们十月份要开运动会。 I was born in 2000. 我出生于2000年。 5.球类、棋类、三餐名词前 棋类：chess 象棋，bridge 桥牌 球类：football足球，basketball篮球，tennis 网球 三餐：breakfast 早餐，lunch 午餐，dinner晚餐，supper晚餐 The students usually have lunch at school.这些学生通常在学校吃午餐。 注意 当三餐前有形容词修饰时，可以用a或an。 It's a wonderful lunch.这是一顿美味的午餐。 6.节日和杂志前 杂志：Readers' Digest 读者文摘 节日：Children's Day 儿童节 注意 以 festival 结尾的节日要用 the。the Lantern festival 元宵节the spring festival 春节 7.名词前已有指示代词、物主代词或不定代词时 In our lives, we sometimes say or do something that may hurt others. 在我们的生活中， 我们有时说或者做可能会伤害其他人的事情。 8.职位和官衔前 头衔：mayor, chairman, monitor, captain, president John is captain of the football team.约翰是足球队的队长。 They elected him president of the society. 他们选他为协会会长。 【限时训练】 21．Mary lives in ______ China. A．the B．a C．an D．/ 【答案】D 【详解】考查冠词辨析。句意：玛丽住在中国。China“中国”是专有名词，专有名词前一般不加冠词。故选D。 22．John always plays ________ football after ________school. A．a; the B．the; a C．/ ;/ D．/ ; the 【答案】C 【详解】考查冠词。句意：约翰总是在放学后踢足球。play+球类运动名词，球类运动名词前不需要加任何冠词；after school：放学后，固定搭配。故选C。 23．David usually plays ________ football after ________ school. A．a; the B．the; a C．/ ;/ D．/ ; the 【答案】C 【详解】考查冠词辨析。句意：大卫通常在放学后踢足球。play +球类名词，球类名词前不加任何冠词；after school放学后，固定短语。故选C。 24．______ old lady in pink spoke ______ Chinese well at ______ meeting. A．An; an; a B．The; /; an C．The; /; a D．The; /; the 【答案】D 【详解】考查冠词。句意：会上，穿粉红衣服的老太太中文说得很好。第一空，in pink作后置定语修饰old lady，表特指，用the；第二空，speak Chinese“讲中文”，固定搭配，中间不用冠词；第三空，指的是说话者双方都知道的会议，用定冠词the表特指。故选D。 25．Would you like to play ________ basketball with me after school? A．/ B．the C．a D．an 【答案】A 【详解】考查冠词辨析。句意：放学后你愿意和我一起打篮球吗？ play basketball“打篮球”，play后接球类运动，不需要使用冠词。故选A。 26．The cat is ______ orange. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】D 【详解】考查冠词。句意：这只猫是橙色的。分析句子可知，此句描述猫是橙色的。横线后的orange是形容词，前面无冠词。故选D。 27．David often plays ________ basketball with his friends after school. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】D 【详解】考查冠词辨析。句意：大卫放学后经常和朋友一起打篮球。在“play+球类运动”这样的结构中，球类运动前面不需要加冠词，“play basketball”表示“打篮球”，是固定的表达用法。故选D。 28．What ________ exciting news! We must share it with everyone. A．a B．an C．/ D．the 【答案】C 【详解】句意：多么令人兴奋的消息啊！我们必须与大家分享。 分析句子结构可知，句子为感叹句，直接省略了主语和谓语，感叹句中心词是不可数名词news，符合此题特征的感叹句的表达方式只有一种：What +形容词+不可数名词（+主语+谓语动词！），此处无需冠词。 29．— How long does it take us to go to your hometown from here? — It takes us ________ hour or more to go to my hometown by ________ train. A．an; the B．a; the C．an; / D．a;/ 【答案】C 【详解】考查冠词辨析。本题考查“不定冠词表示‘一’的概念和by+交通工具，其前不用冠词”的用法，排除A、B。题意为“坐火车去我家乡花费我们一个多小时”。hour是以元音音素/aʊ/开头，其前要用an。故选C。 30．We can’t see ________ sun at ________ night. A．the; the B．the; / C．a; / D．/; / 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们在晚上看不见太阳。 世界上独一无二的事物前需加定冠词the，太阳属于独一无二的事物，故第一空用the；第二空，固定搭配at night 意为“在晚上”，中间不加冠词。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 （2024年云南单招） Smiling is the best way of making friends. When I was thirteen ____1____ old, my father found a job in the city. So my family moved there. I also came to ____2____ new school near ____3____ we lived. My old school was far away. At first, I did not know anyone in my class. I was very lonely ____4____ I was afraid to make friends with my classmates. I couldn’t talk to ____5____ about my problem, and I didn’t want my parents to worry about me. Then one day, something good ____6____. I was sitting at my desk ____7____ as usual while my classmates were talking happily with each other. At that moment, ____8____ came into the classroom. I didn’t know who he was. He passed me and then turned back. He looked ____9____ me, without a word, smiling. Suddenly, I felt happy, excited and warm. That smile changed my life. I started to talk with ____10____ classmates and made friends. Day by day, I became closer to everyone in my class. 1．A．months B．days C．weeks D．years 2．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 3．A．when B．that C．there D．where 4．A．because B．before C．after D．if 5．A．everyone B．anything C．anyone D．everything 6．A．happen B．happened C．happening D．has happened 7．A．early B．quickly C．wonderfully D．unhappily 8．A．a boy B．a girl C．some boys D．some girls 9．A．of B．in C．at D．into 10．A．other B．another C．others D．the other 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．A 【导语】这是一篇记述文。文章主要介绍了我转学后，不敢和同学交流，非常孤独，但有一天，一位同学的微笑改变了我，我开始和同学进行交流，和他们交朋友。 【详解】1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我13岁时，我父亲在城里找到了一份工作。A. months月份；B. days日子；C. weeks周；D. years年。根据下文“new school (新学校)”可知，我上学了，此处应是13岁。故选D。 2．考查冠词词义辨析。句意：我也来到了我们住的地方附近的新学校。A. a一，表泛指，用在辅音音素前；B. an一，表泛指，用在元音音素前；C. the这，表特指；D. /零冠词。根据语境可知，我来到一所新学校，表示泛指，空格后为“new (新的)”，用冠词a。故选A。 3．考查宾语从句。句意：我也来到了我们住的地方附近的新学校。A. which哪一个（连接代词，作名从的主语、宾语或定语）；B. that不译（在名从中不充当成分）；C. there那里（地点副词）；D. where……的地方（连接副词，作名从的地状）。分析句子结构可知，“... we lived”作介词“near (在……的附近)”的宾从，空格处缺连词，且在宾从中作地点状语，用where。故选D。 4．考查状语从句。句意：我非常孤独，因为我害怕和同学交朋友。A. because因为；B. before在……之前；C. after在……之后；D. if如果。分析句意可知，我感到孤独是因为我害怕和同学交朋友，用because引导原因状语从句。故选A。 5．考查不定代词。句意：我不能和任何人谈论我的问题，并且我不想让我的父母担心我。A. everyone每个人；B. anything任何事；C. anyone任何人；D. everything每件事。结合语境可知，我非常孤独，没有朋友，也不想让父母担心，因此我不能和任何人谈论我的问题。故选C。 6．考查一般过去时。句意：然后，有一天，一些好的事情发生了。A. happen发生，原形；B. happened发生，一般过去时；C. happening发生，现在分词；D. has happened发生，现在完成时。根据下文“I was sitting at my desk (我坐在我的办公桌前)”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故选B。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我像往常一样不高兴地坐在书桌前，而我的同学们却在愉快地交谈。A. early早地；B. quickly快速地；C. wonderfully极好地；D. unhappily不开心地。根据句中的“while (然而)”可知，前后句意形成对比，同学们愉快地交谈，我心情低落。故选D。 8．考查名词短语。句意：在那时，有个男孩进来了。A. a boy一个男孩；B. a girl一个女孩；C. some boys一些男孩；D. some girls一些女孩。根据下文“I didn’t know who he was. (我不知道他是谁。)”可知，进来的是一个男孩。故选A。 9．考查介词词义辨析。句意：他看着我，一句话也没说，微笑着。A. of属于；B. in在……里；C. at朝；D. into到……里面。短语look at，意为“看”。故选C。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我开始和其他同学交谈，和他们交朋友。A. other其他的；B. another另一个；C. others其他的（人或物）；D. the other另一个（人或物）。根据空格后的名词“classmates (同学们)”可知，此处用形容词修饰名词复数。故选A。 （2023年湖南单招） Friends play an important part in our lives, and although we may ____11____ the friendship for granted, we often ____12____ clearly understand ____13____ we make friends. While we get on well ____14____ a number of people, we are usually friends with only a very few. For example, the average among students is about 6 per person. In all the cases of friendly relationship, ____15____ people like each another and enjoy being together, but beyond that, the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons ____16____ their shared interest vary enormously. As we get to know people we take into account things like age, race, economic condition, social position, and intelligence. ____17____ these factors are not of prime importance, it is more difficult to get on with people ____18____ there is a marked difference in age and background. Some friendly ____19____ can be kept on argument and discussion, but it is usually for close friends to have ____20____ ideas and beliefs, to have attitudes and ____21____ in common — they often talk about “being on the same wavelength”. It generally ____22____ time to reach this point. And the more intimately involved people become, the____23____ they rely on one another. People want to do friends favors and hate to break ____24____ promise.____25____, friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and ____26____ differences of opinion. ____27____ contrast with marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the association between two people. But the supporting and understanding of each other ____28____ results from shared experiences and emotions ____29____ seem to create a powerful bond, which can overcome ____30____ in background and breakdown of age, class and race. 11．A．take B．look C．make D．have 12．A．do B．don’t C．should D．shouldn’t 13．A．how B．who C．when D．what 14．A．to B．with C．in D．for 15．A．one B．two C．some D．many 16．A．of B．that C．for D．why 17．A．If B．Because C．Whether D．Although 18．A．that B．where C．why D．when 19．A．people B．peoples C．relationships D．relationship 20．A．similar B．good C．different D．opposite 21．A．futures B．interests C．conflicts D．disagreements 22．A．spends B．costs C．takes D．wastes 23．A．better B．greater C．further D．more 24．A．a B．an C．/ D．the 25．A．Equally B．Eventually C．Especially D．Exactly 26．A．tolerance B．tolerating C．to tolerate D．tolerant 27．A．Against B．From C．To D．In 28．A．/ B．who C．that D．as 29．A．does B．do C．doing D．did 30．A．friendships B．positions C．differences D．opinions 【答案】 11．A 12．B 13．A 14．B 15．B 16．C 17．D 18．D 19．C 20．A 21．B 22．C 23．D 24．A 25．A 26．C 27．D 28．C 29．A 30．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要说明了应该如何与朋友相处，和交友时要注意的事项。 【详解】11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：朋友在我们的生活中扮演重要角色，尽管我们会把友情当做理所当然，我们经常会不清楚地理解是怎样与朋友相处的。A. take拿；B. look看；C. make制作；D. have有。动词短语take...for granted意为“认为某事理所当然”。故选A。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：朋友在我们的生活中扮演重要角色，尽管我们会把友情当做理所当然，我们经常会不清楚地理解是怎样与朋友相处的。A. do一般现在时助动词；B. don’t一般现在时否定助动词；C. should应该；D. shouldn’t不应该。根据“we often...clearly understand (我们经常……清楚地了解)”可知此处应是否定句，表示“不清楚地理解”，用don’t。故选B。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：朋友在我们的生活中扮演重要角色，尽管我们会把友情当做理所当然，我们经常会不清楚地理解是怎样与朋友相处的。A. how如何；B. who谁；C. when什么时候；D. what什么。根据“we make friends (我们交朋友)”可知，宾语从句不缺少成分，可以补充状语，根据句意应用how表示“如何，怎样交朋友”。故选A。 14．考查介词词义辨析。句意：我们和很多人友好相处，但只和很少的几个人是好朋友。A. to对于；B. with和；C. in在……里；D. for为了。动词短语get on well with意为“与某人友好相处”。故选B。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在所有这些友好关系里，两个人互相喜欢，享受在一起的时光，但超越这些之外，他们的亲密程度和他们共同兴趣的原因却大不相同。A. one一个；B. two两个；C. some一些；D. many很多。根据“friendly relationship (友好关系)”可知，此处描述两人之间的友谊程度，应用two people。故选B。 16．考查介词词义辨析。句意：在所有这些友好关系里，两个人互相喜欢，享受在一起的时光，但超越这些之外，他们的亲密程度和他们共同兴趣的原因却大不相同。A. of……的；B. that引导定语从句；C. for为了；D. why为什么。根据前文的reasons (原因)及宾语“their shared interest (他们的共同兴趣)”可知，此处是介宾结构，应用介词for表示原因。故选C。 17．考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管这些情况不是最重要的，但当年龄和背景有明显差异的时候，会更难与人相处。A. if如果；B. because因为；C. whether不论；D. although尽管。根据“these factors are not of prime importance (这些因素并不是最重要的)”可知，此处表示让步关系，应用although连接让步状语从句。故选D。 18．考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管这些情况不是最重要的，但当年龄和背景有明显差异的时候，会更难与人相处。A. that连接陈述性名词从句；B. where在……的地方；C. why为什么；D. when当……时。根据“there is a marked difference in age and background (年龄和背景有明显差异)”可知，此处表示当某种情况发生时，是时间关系，应用when连接时间状语从句。故选D。 19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些友谊关系可以在争论和讨论的基础上保持，但这仅适用于有相似观念和信仰、有共同态度和兴趣的好朋友之间，他们经常谈论“同频”。A. people人们；B. peoples公民；C. relationships关系的复数形式；D. relationship关系。根据“Some friendly... can be kept on argument (一些友好的……可以继续争论)”可知，此处应是复数名词，且表示“友好的关系能在争论的基础上保持”。故选C。 20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有些友谊关系可以在争论和讨论的基础上保持，但这仅适用于有相似观念和信仰、有共同态度和兴趣的好朋友之间，他们经常谈论“同频”。A. similar相似的；B. good好的；C. different不同的；D. opposite相反的。根据“have... in common (有……共同点)”可知，此处应表示相似的观念和信仰。故选A。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些友谊关系可以在争论和讨论的基础上保持，但这仅适用于有相似观念和信仰、有共同态度和兴趣的好朋友之间，他们经常谈论“同频”。A. futures未来；B. interests兴趣；C. conflicts冲突；D. disagreements分歧。结合前文以及根据“have attitudes and...in common (有态度和……共同点)”可知，此处应表示友情双方有一样的态度和兴趣。故选B。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：想要达到这一点，通常要花时间。A. spends花费，主语是人；B. cost值……钱，主语是物；C. takes花费，主语是it；D. waste浪费。根据主语it可知，此处应用takes。故选C。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相关的人们越是亲密，他们就越依赖对方。A. better更好的；B. greater更伟大的；C. further更深入的；D. more更多。根据the more intimately可知，比较级结构the more...the more表示“越……就越……”，此处应用more。故选D。 24．考查冠词词义辨析。句意：人们想帮助朋友，讨厌不守承诺。A. a一个，用于辅音音素开头单词前；B. an一个，用于元音音素开头单词前；C. /零冠词用于不可数名词；D. the用于特指。根据“break...promise (违背……承诺)”可知，此处表示泛指，意为“违背一个承诺”，promise是辅音音素/p/开头。故选A。 25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：一样地，朋友们也要学会忍受烦人的习惯，容忍观点的不同。A. equally相同地；B. eventually终于；C. especially尤其；D. exactly确切地。根据“friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits (朋友必须学会忍受恼人的习惯)”可知，作为上文朋友互相帮助遵守诺言的另一面，同样也要容忍缺陷，此处表示对比，用equally。故选A。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一样地，朋友们也要学会忍受烦人的习惯，容忍观点的不同。A. tolerance名词，宽容；B. tolerating动名词，宽容；C. to tolerate动词不定式，宽容；D. tolerant形容词，宽容的。根据“learn to put up with...and (学会忍受……并且)”可知，此处是and连接的并列成分，应和to put up with一致，用动词不定式。故选C。 27．考查介词词义辨析。句意：与婚姻相比，友情没有什么仪式来加固两人的关系。A. against违背；B. from从；C. to对于；D. in在。介词短语in contrast with意为“与……相比”。故选D。 28．考查代词词义辨析。句意：但人们可以通过分享经验和情感来支持和理解对方，并以此来建立一种强有力的联系，它能克服背景、年龄差、阶级和种族带来的差异。A. /关系代词在限制性定语从句中做从句宾语时可以省略；B. who在定语从句中指人；C. that在定语从句中指人或物；D. as在定语从句特定结构中充当主语或宾语。定语从句results from shared experiences and emotions中缺少主语the supporting and understanding，指物，应用that引导。故选C。 29．考查动词词义辨析和主谓一致。句意：但人们可以通过分享经验和情感来支持和理解对方，并以此来建立一种强有力的联系，它能克服背景、年龄差、阶级和种族带来的差异。A. does一般现在时第三人称单数的助动词；B. do一般现在时助动词；C. doing现在分词；D. did一般过去时助动词。该句是一般现在时，主语是the supporting and understanding，只有一个定冠词the，视作一个整体，为第三人称单数，表示强调应用助动词does。故选A。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但人们可以通过分享经验和情感来支持和理解对方，并以此来建立一种强有力的联系，它能克服背景、年龄差、阶级和种族带来的差异。A. friendships友情；B. positions地位；C. differences差异；D. opinions观点。根据“in background and breakdown of age, class and race (年龄、阶层和种族的背景和细分)”可知，此处指背景、年龄差、阶级和种族方面的差异。故选C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $