专题4 时态+主谓一致（一般过去时、现在完成时、过去进行时）（讲义）2027年四川省（高职单招）《英语一轮讲练测》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：【2027版】四川省（高职单招）《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练，在编写中融入支架式教学理念，紧扣教材，将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单，以讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础，再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强，实操性好，为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径，高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是【2027版】四川省（高职单招）《英语一轮讲练测》的第4个专题，内容为时态+主谓一致（一般过去时、现在完成时、过去进行时）。 【2027版】四川省（高职单招）《英语一轮讲练测》 专题4 时态+主谓一致（一般过去时、现在完成时、过去进行时） 复习讲义 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 一般过去时 即时训练 考点2 现在完成时 即时训练 考点3 过去进行时 即时训练 04 真题溯源·考向感知 【复习目标】 1.基础用法辨析（时态定义、时间标志、句法功能）：熟练掌握 2.词形转换（时态谓语变形、主谓一致特殊变形）：熟练运用 3.三级时态句型变化（基础句型、变式句型、特殊句型）：熟练辨析 4.语境选词逻辑（动作属性、时态适配、语境时态判定）：重点掌握 5.高频易混时态与固定搭配：理解会用 人称 一般过去时-be动词 一般过去时-实义动词 现在完成时-be动词 现在完成时-实义动词 过去进行时-be动词 过去进行时-实义动词 I（我） was 动词过去式（V-ed / 不规则） have been have + 过去分词 was 动词-ing（V-ing） you（你/你们） were 动词过去式（V-ed / 不规则） have been have + 过去分词 were 动词-ing（V-ing） he / she / it（他/她/它） was 动词过去式（V-ed / 不规则） has been has + 过去分词 was 动词-ing（V-ing） we（我们） were 动词过去式（V-ed / 不规则） have been have + 过去分词 were 动词-ing（V-ing） they（他们/她们/它们） were 动词过去式（V-ed / 不规则） have been have + 过去分词 were 动词-ing（V-ing） 【考点1 一般过去时】 一、概念 一般过去时通常用来表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。 在学习中应该特别注意以下三点： （1）时间状语是标志，与一般过去时连用的时间状语有yesterday、last night、last week、four days ago、in 2002、just now、the day before yesterday、once upon a time、one day、in the past、in the old days、in the ancient time/this morning、一段时间+later等。 e.g. He went to the park yesterday.昨天他去了公园。 When did he get up this morning？今天早上他几点起床？ Once upon a time there stood a big and tall wooden horse at the gate. 从前大门口有一个又高又大的木马。 Several minutes later the hero came back to the city and he was warmly welcomed by the public.几分钟后英雄回到了城里，受到了人民大众的热烈欢迎。 （2）有些情况，发生时间没有明确标明，但实际上是过去发生的，应用过去时态。 e.g. He bought a dog, and now they are good friends. 他买了一只狗，现在他们是好朋友了。 （3）在谈到已故去的人时，也多用过去时。 e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.鲁迅是一位伟大的作家。 二、构成 1．肯定句：... His father worked in a car factory two years ago. worked（work-ed)→规则动词一般过去式 两年前他父亲在一家汽修厂工作。 2．否定句：S(主语) + didn’t + V(原形) +...，含有实义动词的否定句、疑问句，要借助助动词did。 His father didn’t work in a car factory two years ago.didn’t work→一般过去时 他父亲两年前不在一家汽修厂工作。 3.一般疑问句：Did + S(主语) + V(原形) +...? Did his father work in a car factory two years ago? 他父亲两年前在一家汽修厂工作吗？ 三、用法 掌握动词用法时，要注意掌握表示状态的动词和表示动作的动词。 1．表状态（be-was-were） 如：-Where were you last week?-上周你在哪儿？ -I was at my uncle's home in the countryside.-我在乡下的叔叔家。 2．表动作（实义动词） 如：I watched a wonderful TV play yesterday evening. 昨天晚上我看了一部精彩的电视剧。 四、动词过去式的变化规则 1．一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加-ed 如：play→played look→looked 2．以不发音的e结尾的动词，在其后加-d 如：like→liked use→used 3．以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i再加-ed 如：carry→carried marry→married 4．以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed 如：stop→stopped plan→planned 例外：-x、-y结尾的动词不能双写辅音字母再加-ed。 如：fix→fixed delay→delayed 5．不规则动词的过去式 如：am / is→was are→were put→put see→saw eat→ate 【即时训练】 1. your sister the bus yesterday? A. Does; catch B.Did;catch C.Does; catches D.Did;catches 2.He turned off the light and then A.leaves B. has left C.will leave D.left 3.My mother to work last Monday. A. don't go B. doesn't go C. didn't go D. was go 4.The patients in hospital two days ago. A.is B.was C.are D.were 5.He to take an umbrella this morning. A.forget B. forgets C.forgot D. will forget 6. -Have you seen him today? -Yes,I him this morning. A.seeing B.see C.sees D.saw 7. When the new classmate ,we were having a math class. A.arrives B.arrived C. was arriving D. has arrived 8. You had to stay at home to look after your grandma last Monday, you? A.did B.had C.didn't D.hadn't 【考点2 现在完成时】 一、概念 1. 现在完成时通常表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果或到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作，往往和 ever、never、just、already、yet、now、before、once / twice／数字＋times、how many times等时间的状语连用 e.g. My daughter has just gone out.我女儿刚出去。 I'm sure we've met before.我肯定我们以前见过面。 How many times have you worked as part-time salesperson？你做兼职营销员几次啦？ They have never been to other countries.他们从来没有去过外国。 2．现在完成时表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语 recently、lately、up to now、so far、in the + last/past +一段时间、over the+last/past + 一段时间、how long表多长时间的疑问句、for +一段时间、since + yesterday / last century／过去时间／一段时间＋ago等连用 e.g. I haven't heard from her since she graduated from school. 自从她毕业离校后我没有收到她的信。 We haven't seen you recently.最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years.他们离开已经两年了。 How long have you studied in the vocational school？你在这所中职学校学习多长时间了？ 3．现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作。 e.g. We have had four tests this term.我们这个学期有四次测试。 二、构成 肯定句：S(主语) + have / has + V-ed / pp(过去分词) +... 否定句：S(主语) + haven’t / hasn’t + V-ed / pp(过去分词) +... 一般疑问句：Have / Has + S(主语) + V-ed / pp(过去分词) +... ? e.g. I have read this book. 我看过这本书了。 I haven’t read this book. 我还没看过这本书。 Have you read this book? 你看过这本书了吗？ 三、用法 1. 当现在完成时与表示一段时间的时间状语连用时，谓语动词必须使用延续性动词。如果谓语动词是非延续性动词，则转化为对应的延续性动词 在英语中，begin、start、finish、leave、find、get up、arrive、reach、get to、enter、stop、open、close、lend、buy、borrow、join、die、take away、put up、set out、put on、get on/off 等非延续性动词通常不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，如要与表示一段时间的状语连用，通常转换为与之对应的持续性的动词。 go→be away come→be here come back→be back leave→be away/be not here buy→have borrow→keep die→be dead begin/start→be on finish→be over open→be open close→be closed lose→be lost turn on→be on get up→be up sit down→be seated join→be in / be a member of become→be e.g. He has been in the army for three years.他参军已有三年了。（不用has joined） My brother has been away from home for a long time. 我哥哥离家已有很长一段时间了。（不用has left） 但是，结束性动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。 如：I haven't seen you for a long time.我好久没见到你了。 2. 区别 have/has been to、have/has gone to、have/has been in 和 have/has been on 四组词 （1)have/has been to 表示去过某地，现在已经回来。可与表示次数的时间状语搭配，如：once、twice、several times等。 e.g. I have been to New York three times.我去过纽约三次。 （2)have/has gone to 表示去了某地，还未回来。 e.g. -Where is Tom?-汤姆去哪了？ -He has gone to the teachers' office.-他去教师办公室了。 （3)have/has been in 表示一直在某个地方。常与in the+last/past +一段时间、over the＋last/past +一段时间、how long表多长时间的疑问句、for +一段时间、since+yesterday/last century/a few days ago／用动词过去式的时间状语从句等连用。 e.g. I have been in the city for over three years.我在这个城市待了三年多。 （4)have/has been on 表示已经开始了多久，表示持续性（物作主语）。 e.g. The movie has been on for half an hour.电影已经开始了半个小时。 3. 注意比较一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 （1）一般过去时是一种过去时态，侧重表示过去的动作，与现在无关；现在完成时是与现在有关的时态，属于现在时态的范畴，侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响。 e.g. I saw this film yesterday.我昨天看了这部电影。（强调昨天看电影，和现在无关） I have seen this film.我已经看过这部电影了。（强调我看过电影了，了解其内容） （2）一般过去时常与yesterday、last week、three days ago、in 1980、just now 等时间状语连用。而现在完成时常与once、before、already、recently、lately、for、since、so far、ever、never、just、yet、till/until、up to now等时间状语连用。 e.g. He obtained a scholarship last term.他上学期获得了奖学金。 He has already obtained a scholarship.他已经获得了奖学金。 I didn't see him at yesterday's meeting.昨天会上我没看见他。 I haven't seen him recently.最近我没看见他。 We saw that film three days ago.我们三天前看过那个电影。 We have seen that film before.我们之前看过那个电影。 Did they find the missing child just now？刚才他们找到那个失踪的孩子了吗？ Have they found the missing child yet？他们找到那个失踪的孩子了吗？ 【即时训练】 1.We English since 10 years ago. A.study B.are studying C.studied D.have studied 2.The girl just lunch. and she can't eat any more now. A.is having B has had C.have:had D.ares having 3.They already the good news. A.will;hear B.has;heard C.have;heard D.are; hearing 4.My neighbor the club for 2 years. A. has joined B. has joined in C.has been on D.has been in 5.- you to Japan? -Yes. We went there last year. A.Have; been B. Have; gone C.Do; go D.Are; going 6. I don't want to see the film Kung Fu Panda, because I it already. A.has seen B.saw C.have seen D.had seen 7. -How long you the Army? -Since I graduated from university four years ago. A.do; join B.did; join C.have; joined D.have; been in 8. Lisa in Chengdu since graduation from university, but she in Kunming with her parents 5 years ago. A.lives; lives B.lived; lived C.has lived; lived D.had lived; lived 9. -Johnson,where is your brother? -He Germany on business, and he will be back next month. A. has gone to B.went to C.has been on D.has been to 【考点三 过去进行时】 一、概念 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作或状态，常与时间状语at this time＋yesterday/last＋时间、at that time, at that moment, just then, at ten o'clock yesterday evening、when/while＋过去时态的时间状语从句等连用。 e.g. What were you doing at seven yesterday evening? 昨天晚上七点你们在做什么？ At that time, they were working in a car factory.那时他们正在汽车厂上班。 My mother was shopping in the supermarket when I called her. 我跟妈妈打电话时正在超市购物。 二、构成 可以通过比较现在进行时和过去进行时的构成来掌握过去进行时的构成。 be动词（am/is/are）+ 动词ing（现在分词）→be动词（was/were）+ 动词ing（现在分词） 肯定句：S（主语） + was / were + 动词ing（现在分词）. 否定句：S（主语） + wasn’t / weren’t + 动词ing（现在分词）. 一般疑问句：Was / Were + S（主语） + 动词ing（现在分词）? 三、注意 在翻译题中要注意以下两点： 1. while引导的从句表示一段持续的时间且谓语动词往往是表示状态的延续性动词，表示主句与从句的行为同时进行 e.g. While my father was reading newspapers, my mother was doing some sewing. 我的爸爸在读报时，我的妈妈在缝衣服。 2.when在过去进行时中表示“与此同时”，主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时，且谓语动词往往是瞬间动词 e.g. I was walking past the bus-stop when an old boy stopped me. 我正要经过车站，就在这时一个大男孩拦住了我。 【即时训练】 1. I some newspaper at seven yesterday evening. A.am reading B.read C. was reading D.will read 2. He said that he with Mr. Black at that time. A. talked B. was talking C. is talking D. would talk 3. The three sheep over there grass on the hills just then. A.ate B. was eating C.has eaten D. were eating 4. While he was waiting for the bus, he a newspaper. A. is reading B.read C. was reading D.reads 5. It hard when I left my house. A. is raining B.rains C. was raining D.will rain 6. He on the phone when I went into the office. A.talked B was talking C.talk D. is talking （四川省2024年高职单招）I bought a new car in 2023, but I _________ the old one yet, so at the moment I have two cars. A. didn’t sell B. haven’t sold C. hadn’t sold D. don’t sell （四川省2023年高职单招）It’s the third time John ________ late for work this month. A. was B. is C. has been D. had been （四川省2022年高职单招）Peter took a picture of the girl while she ________. A. dances B. is dancing C. danced D. was dancing 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：【2027版】四川省（高职单招）《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练，在编写中融入支架式教学理念，紧扣教材，将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单，以讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础，再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强，实操性好，为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径，高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是【2027版】四川省（高职单招）《英语一轮讲练测》的第4个专题，内容为时态+主谓一致（一般过去时、现在完成时、过去进行时）。 【2027版】四川省（高职单招）《英语一轮讲练测》 专题4 时态+主谓一致（一般过去时、现在完成时、过去进行时） 复习讲义 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 一般过去时 即时训练 考点2 现在完成时 即时训练 考点3 过去进行时 即时训练 04 真题溯源·考向感知 【复习目标】 1.基础用法辨析（时态定义、时间标志、句法功能）：熟练掌握 2.词形转换（时态谓语变形、主谓一致特殊变形）：熟练运用 3.三级时态句型变化（基础句型、变式句型、特殊句型）：熟练辨析 4.语境选词逻辑（动作属性、时态适配、语境时态判定）：重点掌握 5.高频易混时态与固定搭配：理解会用 人称 一般过去时-be动词 一般过去时-实义动词 现在完成时-be动词 现在完成时-实义动词 过去进行时-be动词 过去进行时-实义动词 I（我） was 动词过去式（V-ed / 不规则） have been have + 过去分词 was 动词-ing（V-ing） you（你/你们） were 动词过去式（V-ed / 不规则） have been have + 过去分词 were 动词-ing（V-ing） he / she / it（他/她/它） was 动词过去式（V-ed / 不规则） has been has + 过去分词 was 动词-ing（V-ing） we（我们） were 动词过去式（V-ed / 不规则） have been have + 过去分词 were 动词-ing（V-ing） they（他们/她们/它们） were 动词过去式（V-ed / 不规则） have been have + 过去分词 were 动词-ing（V-ing） 【考点1 一般过去时】 一、概念 一般过去时通常用来表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。 在学习中应该特别注意以下三点： （1）时间状语是标志，与一般过去时连用的时间状语有yesterday、last night、last week、four days ago、in 2002、just now、the day before yesterday、once upon a time、one day、in the past、in the old days、in the ancient time/this morning、一段时间＋later等。 e.g. He went to the park yesterday.昨天他去了公园。 When did he get up this morning？今天早上他几点起床？ Once upon a time there stood a big and tall wooden horse at the gate. 从前大门口有一个又高又大的木马。 Several minutes later the hero came back to the city and he was warmly welcomed by the public.几分钟后英雄回到了城里，受到了人民大众的热烈欢迎。 （2）有些情况，发生时间没有明确标明，但实际上是过去发生的，应用过去时态。 e.g. He bought a dog, and now they are good friends. 他买了一只狗，现在他们是好朋友了。 （3）在谈到已故去的人时，也多用过去时。 e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.鲁迅是一位伟大的作家。 二、构成 1．肯定句：... His father worked in a car factory two years ago.worked（work-ed)→规则动词一般过去式 两年前他父亲在一家汽修厂工作。 2．否定句：S(主语) + didn’t + V(原形) +...，含有实义动词的否定句、疑问句，要借助助动词did。 His father didn’t work in a car factory two years ago.didn’t work→一般过去时 他父亲两年前不在一家汽修厂工作。 3.一般疑问句：Did + S(主语) + V(原形) +...? Did his father work in a car factory two years ago? 他父亲两年前在一家汽修厂工作吗？ 三、用法 掌握动词用法时，要注意掌握表示状态的动词和表示动作的动词。 1．表状态（be-was-were） 如：-Where were you last week?-上周你在哪儿？ -I was at my uncle's home in the countryside.-我在乡下的叔叔家。 2．表动作（实义动词） 如：I watched a wonderful TV play yesterday evening. 昨天晚上我看了一部精彩的电视剧。 四、动词过去式的变化规则 1．一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加-ed 如：play→played look→looked 2．以不发音的e结尾的动词，在其后加-d 如：like→liked use→used 3．以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i再加-ed 如：carry→carried marry→married 4．以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed 如：stop→stopped plan→planned 例外：-x、-y结尾的动词不能双写辅音字母再加-ed。 如：fix→fixed delay→delayed 5．不规则动词的过去式 如：am / is→was are→were put→put see→saw eat→ate 【即时训练】 1. your sister the bus yesterday? A. Does; catch B.Did;catch C.Does; catches D.Did;catches 【答案】B 【详解】本题考查一般过去时的一般疑问句结构。句中时间标志词 yesterday（昨天）是一般过去时信号，实义动词的过去时疑问需借助助动词 Did，且 Did 后必须搭配动词原形 catch。A、C 助动词为一般现在时，D 第二空用了第三人称单数形式，均错误。故选 B。 2.He turned off the light and then A.leaves B. has left C.will leave D.left 【答案】D 【详解】本题考查一般过去时并列谓语。and 连接两个并列动作，前半句 turned 为动词过去式，后半句时态保持一致，需使用 leave 的过去式 left。A 一般现在时、B 现在完成时、C 一般将来时，时态不匹配。故选 D。 3.My mother to work last Monday. A. don't go B. doesn't go C. didn't go D. was go 【答案】C 【详解】本题考查一般过去时否定句式。last Monday（上周一）为过去时间，实义动词否定要借助 didn’t，后接动词原形 go。A、B 是一般现在时否定；D 结构错误，was 后不能直接加动词原形。故选 C。 4.The patients in hospital two days ago. A.is B.was C.are D.were 【答案】D 【详解】本题考查一般过去时 be 动词主谓一致。two days ago 两天前为过去时间，主语 the patients 是复数，对应 be 动词过去式 were。A、C 为现在时；B was 只搭配单数主语。故选 D。 5.He to take an umbrella this morning. A.forget B. forgets C.forgot D. will forget 【答案】C 【详解】本题考查一般过去时动词变形。this morning（今早）表示已经过去的时间，谓语动词使用 forget 的过去式 forgot。A 原形、B 三单、D 将来时均不符合过去语境。故选 C。 6. -Have you seen him today? -Yes,I him this morning. A.seeing B.see C.sees D.saw 【答案】D 【详解】本题考查一般过去时与现在完成时区分。this morning 是明确过去时间点，有具体过去时间只能用一般过去时，see 的过去式为 saw。A 非谓语不能单独作谓语；B、C 为现在时态。故选 D。 7. When the new classmate ,we were having a math class. A.arrives B.arrived C. was arriving D. has arrived 【答案】B 【详解】本题考查 when 引导时间状语从句时态搭配。主句为过去进行时（were having），when 从句描述突发短暂动作，用一般过去时 arrived。A 现在时、C 过去进行时（延续动作）、D 现在完成时均不匹配句式逻辑。故选 B。 8. You had to stay at home to look after your grandma last Monday, you? A.did B.had C.didn't D.hadn't 【答案】C 【详解】本题考查一般过去时反义疑问句。句中 had to 是实义动词短语 have to 的过去式，反义疑问需借助助动词 did；前半句为肯定句，后半句用否定形式 didn’t。A 肯定助动词、B/D 直接用 had 错误（had to 变疑问不能直接提 had）。故选 C。 【考点2 现在完成时】 一、概念 1. 现在完成时通常表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果或到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作，往往和 ever、never、just、already、yet、now、before、once / twice／数字＋times、how many times等时间的状语连用 e.g. My daughter has just gone out.我女儿刚出去。 I'm sure we've met before.我肯定我们以前见过面。 How many times have you worked as part-time salesperson？你做兼职营销员几次啦？ They have never been to other countries.他们从来没有去过外国。 2．现在完成时表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语 recently、lately、up to now、so far、in the + last/past +一段时间、over the+last/past + 一段时间、how long表多长时间的疑问句、for +一段时间、since + yesterday / last century／过去时间／一段时间＋ago等连用 e.g. I haven't heard from her since she graduated from school. 自从她毕业离校后我没有收到她的信。 We haven't seen you recently.最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years.他们离开已经两年了。 How long have you studied in the vocational school？你在这所中职学校学习多长时间了？ 3．现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作。 e.g. We have had four tests this term.我们这个学期有四次测试。 二、构成 肯定句：S(主语) + have / has + V-ed / pp(过去分词) +... 否定句：S(主语) + haven’t / hasn’t + V-ed / pp(过去分词) +... 一般疑问句：Have / Has + S(主语) + V-ed / pp(过去分词) +... ? e.g. I have read this book. 我看过这本书了。 I haven’t read this book. 我还没看过这本书。 Have you read this book? 你看过这本书了吗？ 三、用法 1. 当现在完成时与表示一段时间的时间状语连用时，谓语动词必须使用延续性动词。如果谓语动词是非延续性动词，则转化为对应的延续性动词 在英语中，begin、start、finish、leave、find、get up、arrive、reach、get to、enter、stop、open、close、lend、buy、borrow、join、die、take away、put up、set out、put on、get on/off 等非延续性动词通常不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，如要与表示一段时间的状语连用，通常转换为与之对应的持续性的动词。 go→be away come→be here come back→be back leave→be away/be not here buy→have borrow→keep die→be dead begin/start→be on finish→be over open→be open close→be closed lose→be lost turn on→be on get up→be up sit down→be seated join→be in / be a member of become→be e.g. He has been in the army for three years.他参军已有三年了。（不用has joined） My brother has been away from home for a long time. 我哥哥离家已有很长一段时间了。（不用has left） 但是，结束性动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。 如：I haven't seen you for a long time.我好久没见到你了。 2. 区别 have/has been to、have/has gone to、have/has been in 和 have/has been on 四组词 （1)have/has been to 表示去过某地，现在已经回来。可与表示次数的时间状语搭配，如：once、twice、several times等。 e.g. I have been to New York three times.我去过纽约三次。 （2)have/has gone to 表示去了某地，还未回来。 e.g. -Where is Tom?-汤姆去哪了？ -He has gone to the teachers' office.-他去教师办公室了。 （3)have/has been in 表示一直在某个地方。常与in the+last/past +一段时间、over the＋last/past+一段时间、how long表多长时间的疑问句、for +一段时间、since+yesterday/last century/a few days ago／用动词过去式的时间状语从句等连用。 e.g. I have been in the city for over three years.我在这个城市待了三年多。 （4)have/has been on 表示已经开始了多久，表示持续性（物作主语）。 e.g. The movie has been on for half an hour.电影已经开始了半个小时。 3. 注意比较一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 （1）一般过去时是一种过去时态，侧重表示过去的动作，与现在无关；现在完成时是与现在有关的时态，属于现在时态的范畴，侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响。 e.g. I saw this film yesterday.我昨天看了这部电影。（强调昨天看电影，和现在无关） I have seen this film.我已经看过这部电影了。（强调我看过电影了，了解其内容） （2）一般过去时常与yesterday、last week、three days ago、in 1980、just now 等时间状语连用。而现在完成时常与once、before、already、recently、lately、for、since、so far、ever、never、just、yet、till/until、up to now等时间状语连用。 e.g. He obtained a scholarship last term.他上学期获得了奖学金。 He has already obtained a scholarship.他已经获得了奖学金。 I didn't see him at yesterday's meeting.昨天会上我没看见他。 I haven't seen him recently.最近我没看见他。 We saw that film three days ago.我们三天前看过那个电影。 We have seen that film before.我们之前看过那个电影。 Did they find the missing child just now？刚才他们找到那个失踪的孩子了吗？ Have they found the missing child yet？他们找到那个失踪的孩子了吗？ 【即时训练】 1.We English since 10 years ago. A.study B.are studying C.studied D.have studied 【答案】D 【详解】本题考查现在完成时标志词 since 用法。since + 时间段 + ago 是现在完成时核心标志，谓语结构为主语 + have/has + 过去分词，主语 we 搭配 have studied。A 一般现在时、B 现在进行时、C 一般过去时不能与 since 连用。故选 D。 2.The girl just lunch. and she can't eat any more now. A.is having B has had C.have:had D.ares having 【答案】B 【详解】本题考查现在完成时标志词 just。just（刚刚）是现在完成时典型标志，主语 the girl 为第三人称单数，助动词用 has，后接 have 过去分词 had。A、D 为现在进行时；C 助动词 have 不匹配三单主语。故选 B。 3.They already the good news. A.will;hear B.has;heard C.have;heard D.are; hearing 【答案】C 【详解】本题考查现在完成时标志词 already。already（已经）用于现在完成时，主语 they 是复数，助动词用 have，hear 过去分词为 heard。A 一般将来时；B has 搭配单数主语；D 现在进行时不符合语境。故选 C。 4.My neighbor the club for 2 years. A. has joined B. has joined in C.has been on D.has been in 【答案】D 【详解】本题考查短暂性动词与延续性转换。for + 时间段需搭配延续性状态，join 是短暂动词，不能与 for 连用，转换为 be in（加入、待在…… 内）。A、B join 为短暂动词；C been on 用于节目、电影持续，不搭配俱乐部。故选 D。 5.- you to Japan? -Yes. We went there last year. A.Have; been B. Have; gone C.Do; go D.Are; going 【答案】A 【详解】本题考查 have been to 与 have gone to 辨析。答句 went there last year 说明去过日本现已返回，have been to 表示 “去过某地（已回）”；have gone to 表示 “去了某地（未回）”。C 一般现在时、D 现在进行时不符合问答逻辑。故选 A。 6. I don't want to see the film Kung Fu Panda, because I it already. A.has seen B.saw C.have seen D.had seen 【答案】C 【详解】本题考查现在完成时标志词 already。already 是现在完成时标志，动作发生在过去，对现在造成 “不想再看” 的影响；主语 I 搭配 have seen。A has 用于三单主语；B 一般过去时不能搭配 already；D 过去完成时无过去参照点。故选 C。 7. -How long you the Army? -Since I graduated from university four years ago. A.do; join B.did; join C.have; joined D.have; been in 【答案】D 【详解】本题考查 how long 与延续性动词搭配。how long 提问持续时长，join 是短暂动词，需转换为延续短语 be in；since 引导答句，主句用现在完成时，主语 you 搭配 have been in。A、B 为过去 / 现在时；C joined 短暂动词不可与 how long 连用。故选 D。 8. Lisa in Chengdu since graduation from university, but she in Kunming with her parents 5 years ago. A.lives; lives B.lived; lived C.has lived; lived D.had lived; lived 【答案】C 【详解】本题考查现在完成时与一般过去时区分。前半句 since graduation 是现在完成时标志，用 has lived；后半句 5 years ago 是明确过去时间，只用一般过去时 lived。A 全现在时、B 全过去时、D 过去完成时无参照，均错误。故选 C。 9. -Johnson,where is your brother? -He Germany on business, and he will be back next month. A. has gone to B.went to C.has been on D.has been to 【答案】A 【详解】本题考查 have gone to 与 have been to 辨析。后文 will be back next month 说明人去了德国还未回来，have gone to 表示 “去某地未归”；have been to 表示去过已回；B 一般过去时只陈述过去动作，无法体现现在人不在场；C been on 用于活动、影片持续。故选 A。 【考点三 过去进行时】 一、概念 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作或状态，常与时间状语at this time＋yesterday/last＋时间、at that time, at that moment, just then, at ten o'clock yesterday evening、when/while＋过去时态的时间状语从句等连用。 e.g. What were you doing at seven yesterday evening？昨天晚上七点你们在做什么？ At that time, they were working in a car factory.那时他们正在汽车厂上班。 My mother was shopping in the supermarket when I called her. 我跟妈妈打电话时正在超市购物。 二、构成 可以通过比较现在进行时和过去进行时的构成来掌握过去进行时的构成。 be动词（am/is/are）+ 动词ing（现在分词）→be动词（was/were）+ 动词ing（现在分词） 肯定句：S（主语） + was / were + 动词ing（现在分词）. 否定句：S（主语） + wasn’t / weren’t + 动词ing（现在分词）. 一般疑问句：Was / Were + S（主语） + 动词ing（现在分词）? 三、注意 在翻译题中要注意以下两点： 1. while引导的从句表示一段持续的时间且谓语动词往往是表示状态的延续性动词，表示主句与从句的行为同时进行 e.g. While my father was reading newspapers, my mother was doing some sewing. 我的爸爸在读报时，我的妈妈在缝衣服。 2.when在过去进行时中表示“与此同时”，主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时，且谓语动词往往是瞬间动词 e.g. I was walking past the bus-stop when an old boy stopped me. 我正要经过车站，就在这时一个大男孩拦住了我。 【即时训练】 1. I some newspaper at seven yesterday evening. A.am reading B.read C. was reading D.will read 【答案】C 【详解】本题考查过去进行时精准时刻标志。at seven yesterday evening（昨晚七点）是过去精确时点，强调当时正在做某事，结构为主语 + was/were+doing，主语 I 搭配 was reading。A 现在进行时、B 一般过去时（仅表完成）、D 将来时不符合 “正在” 含义。故选 C。 2. He said that he with Mr. Black at that time. A. talked B. was talking C. is talking D. would talk 【答案】B 【详解】本题考查宾语从句过去进行时。主句 said 为一般过去时，at that time（那时）是过去进行时标志，从句时态对应为过去进行时 was talking。A 一般过去时无 “正在” 含义；C 现在进行时时态冲突；D 过去将来时逻辑不符。故选 B。 3. The three sheep over there grass on the hills just then. A.ate B. was eating C.has eaten D. were eating 【答案】D 【详解】本题考查过去进行时主谓一致。just then（就在那时）为过去进行时标志，主语 the three sheep 是复数，搭配 were eating。A 一般过去时；B was 搭配单数；C 现在完成时时态不匹配。故选 D。 4. While he was waiting for the bus, he a newspaper. A. is reading B.read C. was reading D.reads 【答案】C 【详解】本题考查 while 引导过去进行时同步动作。while 连接两个同时持续的长动作，主从句均使用过去进行时，主语 he 搭配 was reading。A、D 现在时态；B 一般过去时无法体现同步进行。故选 C。 5. It hard when I left my house. A. is raining B.rains C. was raining D.will rain 【答案】C 【详解】本题考查 when 引导过去进行时句式。从句 left 是一般过去时（短暂动作），主句描述当时正在发生的持续动作，用过去进行时 was raining。A、B 现在时态；D 将来时时态冲突。故选 C。 6. He on the phone when I went into the office. A.talked B was talking C.talk D. is talking 【答案】B 【详解】本题考查 when 引导过去进行时固定搭配。when 从句为一般过去时（went 进入办公室），主句强调当时正在打电话，使用过去进行时 was talking。A 一般过去时无进行含义；C 动词原形不能单独作谓语；D 现在进行时时态错误。故选 B。 （四川省2024年高职单招）I bought a new car in 2023, but I _________ the old one yet, so at the moment I have two cars. A. didn’t sell B. haven’t sold C. hadn’t sold D. don’t sell 【答案】B 【详解】本题考查现在完成时标志词 yet。yet 是现在完成时否定句标志性词汇，动作 “没卖掉旧车” 从过去持续到现在，造成现在有两辆车的结果，结构为 haven’t sold。A 一般过去时不能搭配 yet；C 过去完成时需要过去动作作参照，本题无；D 一般现在时不符合语境。故选 B。 （四川省2023年高职单招）It’s the third time John ________ late for work this month. A. was B. is C. has been D. had been 【答案】C 【详解】本题考查固定句型 It’s the + 序数词 + time that… 时态规则。该固定从句必须使用现在完成时，主语 John 三单，用 has been。A 一般过去时、B 一般现在时、D 过去完成时均不符合该句型语法要求。故选 C。 （四川省2022年高职单招）Peter took a picture of the girl while she ________. A. dances B. is dancing C. danced D. was dancing 【答案】D 【详解】本题考查 while 引导过去进行时。主句 took 为一般过去时，while 从句描述同步持续动作，使用过去进行时 was dancing。A、B 现在时态与主句过去时冲突；C 一般过去时无法体现动作同步持续。故选 D。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $