Unit 5 Humans and Nature Lesson 2-2026-2027学年高中英语教材全解必修二（北师大版）

Unit Humans and Nature Lesson 2 教材全解() rescue vehicle trap attempt interrupt death loss 。单元核心词汇 damage measure operation overseas site process; battle;duty等 ②单元同步语法 被动语态 。单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 l.rescue/'reskju:/n.&vt.营救；救援 词形变化：rescuer(n.)救援者；rescue(adj.）救援的 搭配：rescue sb from· 从…中救出某人；come/go to one's rescue来/去救援某 人；rescue operation救援行动 例句： The firefighters rescued the children from the burning building A rescue team was sent to the scene immediately. 2.trap /trap/vt.困住；使陷于危险中n.陷阱；圈套 词形变化：trapped(adj.)被困住的；trapper(m.)设陷阱者 搭配：be trapped in被困在…中；trap sb into doing sth诱使某人做某事 辨析：trap强调物理上被困住；catch一般指抓住；tick指欺骗 例句： Many people were trapped under the rubble after the earthquake He felt trapped in a dead-end job 3.attempt/e'tempt/n.&vt.努力，尝试，企图 词形变化：attempted(adj.)未遂的（如attempted murder) 搭配：make an attempt to do sth尝试做某事；attempt to do sth企图做某事；at one's first attempt第一次尝试 辨析：attempt比ty更正式，常含“努力但可能失败”之意；y更常用 例句： They made several attempts to climb the mountain. He attempted to escape but was caught. 4.interrupt/Inta'ipt/vi.&vt.打断讲话；中断 词形变化：interruption(n.）中断；打断；interrupted(adj.)中断的 搭配：interrupt sb/sth打断某人/某事；interrupt with sth用…打断 辨析：interrupt指暂时打断；disturb指干扰、打扰；stop指停止 例句： Don't interrupt the teacher when she is speaking The noise from the construction site interrupted our class. 5.measure/'me3/vt.估量，衡量；测量n.措施；尺寸 词形变化：measurement(n.)测量；尺寸；measurable(adj.)可测量的； measureless(adi.)无限的 搭配：take measures to do sth采取措施做某事；measure.by用…衡量；measure up符合标准 例句： We must take effective measures to protect the environment. The success of a person is not measured by wealth alone. 6.operation/ppe'rern/n.行动，活动：手术；操作 词形变化：operate(v.)操作；动手术；operational(adj.)可操作的；运行的； operator(n.)操作员 搭配：perform an operation做手术；peration room手术室；rescue operation救援 行动；in operation运行中 例句： The doctor said the operation was successful. A large-scale rescue operation was launched after the flood. 7.process/'prouses/n.过程，进程vt.处理；加工 词形变化：procession(n.)队伍；行进；processor(m.）处理器；processing(.) 处理 搭配：in the process of在…过程中；process information处理信息；a slow process缓慢的过程 辨析：process强调步骤、程序；procedure强调流程、手续；course强调进程 例句： Learning a language is a long process. The data is processed by a computer. 8.conduct/kan'dkt/vt.实施；进行；执行；指挥vi.&vt.引导；表现 词形变化：conductor(n.)指挥；售票员；conductive(adj.)传导的；conductivity ()传导性 搭配：conduct an experiment做实验；conduct a survey进行调查；conduct oneself 表现，为人；conduct electricity导电 例句： They conducted a series of tests on the new drug How did the students conduct themselves during the trip? 9.suffering/'SAforT/n.（肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨 词形变化：suffer(v.)遭受；忍受；sufferer(n.)受害者；sufferance(n.)忍耐 搭配：suffer from遭受；pain and suffering痛苦与折磨；economic suffering 经济苦难 例句： The war brought great suffering to the people. She suffered from a serious disease for years. l0.breathe/bi:/vi.&vt.呼吸 词形变化：breath(n.)呼吸；一口气；breather(n.)呼吸者；休息；breathing(n.) 呼吸；breathless(adj.)喘不过气的 搭配：breathe in吸气；breathe out呼气；breathe deeply深呼吸；breathe fresh air 呼吸新鲜空气 辨析：breathe是动词；breath是名词；breathing是动名词/现在分词 例句： He was so nervous that he could hardly breathe. Remember to breathe in deeply before you dive. ll.nearby/ra'ba/adv.附近adj.附近的 词形变化：无常见变形，但可作形容词和副词 搭配：a nearby village附近的村庄；live nearby住在附近 辨析：nearby既可作副词也可作形容词；near是介词或形容词，表示“近”；close 表示“接近” 例句： Is there a hospital nearby? The police searched the nearby houses. 12.run out 用完；耗尽（不及物动词短语） 搭配：un out of sth用完某物（及物）；sth run out某物耗尽；un out on sb抛弃 某人 辨析：un out主语是物，如“时间用完了”；un out of主语是人，如“我花光了 钱”；give out也可指“耗尽”，但更正式 例句： We ran out of gas on the highway. Time is running out-hurry up! 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.The rescue team managed to rescue the miners who had been (trap) underground for three days. 2.They made an (attempt)to climb the mountain,but failed due to bad weather. 3.Please don't (interrupt)me while I'm explaining the process. 4.The government has taken effective (measure)to reduce pollution 5.The doctor is performing an (operate)on the injured patient. 6.The (process)of applying for a visa can be quite complicated. 7.The students were asked to (conduct)a survey on the use of smartphones. 8.The war caused great (suffer)to the local people. 9.He was so scared that he could hardly (breath). 10.We (run out)of food and water after the earthquake. 11.There is a small store (nearby)so we can buy some snacks. 12.She (suffer)from a bad headache last night. 13.The (measure)of the room is 5 by 6 meters. 14.The firemen (rescue)the cat from the tree yesterday 15.The (operate)of the machine is quite simple. (二)短文填空 A powerful earthquake hit the city,causing great 1. among the people.Many residents were 2. under collapsed buildings.The government immediately launched a large-scale 3. to save them.Rescue workers 4. the search day and night.They had to 5. carefully because the ruins were unstable.Some victims had difficulty 6. because of the dust.A 7. hospital was set up to treat the injured.Doctors performed several 8. on the wounded.The rescue 9. was slow,but everyone kept trying.However,food and water began to 10. and more supplies were needed. 参考答案 1.trapped;2.attempt;3.interrupt;4.measures;5.operation;6.process;7.conduct; (一)单句填空 8.suffering;9.breathe;10.ran out;11.nearby;12.suffered;13.measurement; 14.rescued;15.operation 1.suffering;2.trapped;3.rescue operation;4.conducted;5.breathe;6.breathing; (二)短文填空 7.nearby;8.operations;9.process;10.run out A 教材同步语法全解全练 重点1 被动语态 被动语态 项目 内容 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即“主语被…”。其动作的执行 定义 者通常由by短语引出，也可省略。 核心结构 主语+be(变化)+及物动词的过去分词(done)+(by+执行者) am/is/are done 一般现在时 e.g.English is taught in many countries. was/were done 一般过去时 e.g.The bridge was built in 1990. have/has been done 现在完成时 e.g.The work has been finished. 情态动词+be+done 情态动词 e.g.This problem must be solved at once. will be done am/is/are going to be done 一般将来时 e.g.The meeting will be held next week. ①强调动作的承受者，而非执行者。 Your car has been repaired. ②动作执行者不明、不重要或不愿说出。 使用场景 The window was broken last night. ③在科技、新闻、说明文等客观文体中常用。 It is said that.../It is reported that... 主动变被动时，原宾语变主语，原主语变为by后的宾语（可省略）。 不及物动词（如happen/appear/die)无被动语态。 注意事项 某些动词（如need/want/require)后接doing表被动含义。 e.g.The car needs washing. 考点通关 被动语态 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) 1.The new library last year. A.built B.was built C.is built D.has built 2.These flowers every day. A.must water B.must be watered C.must be watering D.are watering 3.So far,the project by the local government. A.has supported B.was supported C.has been D.is supporting supported 4.The classroom now.Please wait outside. A.is cleaning B.is being cleaned C.has cleaned D.was cleaned 5.The famous novel into many languages. A.translated B.was translated C.has translated D.is translating 6.These trees next spring. A.will plant B.are planted C.will be planted D.have been planted 7.The basketball match because of the bad weather A.cancelled B.was cancelled C.has cancelled D.is cancelling 8.It is said that the old temple in the 13th century. A.built B.was built C.has built D.is built 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 阅读下面句子，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.The Great Wall all over the world. 2.This kind of machine in China in 2010. 3.The students to keep quiet in the library just now. 4.More trees should every year to protect the environment. 5.So far,the old house 6.The homework must in before Friday. 7.Look!The bridge at the moment. 8.The book by a famous writer. 9.English as a second language in many countries. 10.The windows once a week. 语法专练一：单项选择 1.B;2.B;3.C;4.B;5.B;6.C;7.B;8.B 1.is known;2.was made;3.were told;4.be planted;5.has 语法专练二：语法填空 not been sold;6.be handed;7.is being repaired;8.was written;9.is spoken;10.are cleaned 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点句型 The Race to the South Pole 1.While he was on the way to Antarctica,he received a message.. 结构：Whle+主语+谓语（进行时/一般时），主句 中文：当他在去南极洲的路上时，他收到了一条信息。 用法：wle强调主句动作发生在从句动作持续的过程之中。从句常用进行时态。 注意：whle还可表示对比，但此处为时间状语。 2.They were shocked when they saw the Norwegian flag. 结构：感官动词(see/hear/watch/notice/find)+宾语+宾语补足语(doing/do/形 容词等) 中文：当他们看到挪威国旗时，他们很震惊。 用法：感官动词后可接宾语和宾语补足语，表示看见/听见/发现某人/物做某事或处 于某种状态。 注意：若用do(不带to)表示看见全过程，用doing表示正在进行。 3.The weather conditions were so terrible that they could not leave their tent. 结构：s0+形容词/副词+that+从句 中文：天气条件如此糟糕，以至于他们无法离开帐篷。 用法：so后接形容词或副词，that后接结果。可与such.that..互换。 4.The weather was too cold to go out. 结构：too+形容词/副词+to do sth 中文：天气太冷了，不能出去。 用法：该结构本身表示否定含义，相当于“so.that.not”。 5.Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole. 结构：fail to do sth 中文：斯科特未能赢得这场竞赛。 用法：fail to do=未能成功做某事 6.They carried twenty kilos of rocks all the way with them,proving that Antarctica was once covered by plants 结构：主句+现在分词短语（表主动、伴随或结果） 中文：他们一路带着二十公斤的岩石，证明了南极曾经被植被覆盖。 用法：逻辑主语是主句主语，分词表示主动伴随或结果。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：完成句子（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.While he (travel)to Antarctica,he received a message. 2.I saw the explorers (set)up their tent on the ice 3.The snow was so deep the horses could not move. (用that或to) 4.The weather was too cold for them (continue). 5.Scott failed (reach)the pole first. 6.The men returned, (carry)heavy rocks. 7.Amundsen's team arrived safely, (be)ahead of schedule. 8.Scott's diary (write)in his last hours became famous. 9.Oates said he was going outside and (may）be some time. 10.The news of Scott's death (shock)the whole world. 练习二：翻译句子（在横线上写出完整句子） 1.当他正在南极洲旅行时，他收到了一个坏消息。 2.我看见挪威国旗矗立在南极点。 3.天气如此糟糕，以至于他们无法离开帐篷。 4.冰太薄了，不能在上面行走。 5.斯科特没能赢得这场竞赛。 6.队员们饿着肚子，继续向前走。 7.阿蒙森使用狗和滑雪板，因此进展很快。 8.斯科特给他的妻子写了一封充满悲伤的信。 9. 他们携带的岩石证明南极曾经有植物。 10.奥茨船长走出去，表现出了巨大的勇气。 参考答案 1.was travelling;2.setting;3.that;4.to continue;5.to reach; 练习一：完成句子 6.canrying;7.being;8.written;9.might;10.shocked 1.While he was travelling to Antarctica,he received bad news.; 2.I saw the Norwegian flag standing at the South Pole.;3.The weather was so terrible that they could not leave the tent.;4.The ice was too thin to walk on.;5.Scott failed to win the race.; 练习二：翻译句子 6.The team went on,feeling hungry.;7.Amundsen used dogs and skis,so he made rapid progress.8.Scott wrote a letter full of sadness to his wife.;9.The rocks they carried proved that Antarctica once had plants.10.Captain Oates walked out, showing great courage. 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 Passage A In the heart of the Pacific Ocean,the island nation of Tuvalu is slowly sinking.Its highest point is only about 4.6 meters above sea level,making it one of the most vulnerable countries to rising sea levels. For generations,the people of Tuvalu have lived in harmony with the ocean,fishing its waters and planting crops in its fertile soil.But now,their home is being swallowed by the very sea that once sustained them. Climate change has caused the global sea level to rise at an accelerating rate.As the polar ice caps melt and ocean waters expand due to higher temperatures,the water creeps closer and closer to the homes of Tuvaluans.King tides,which are the highest tides of the year,now regularly flood the islands'main roads and even pour into houses.The saltwater is poisoning the soil,making it impossible for gardens to grow the taro and pulaka that have been staples of the Tuvaluan diet for centuries Faced with this existential threat,the government of Tuvalu has developed a comprehensive plan.One major part of this plan involves a land reclamation project.By dredging sand from the seabed,they are raising the height of key areas,such as the airport runway and government buildings.Another ambitious initiative is the "Floating Future"project,which aims to create a series of artificial islands that can rise with the sea levels.These floating islands would be equipped with modem infrastructure, including housing,schools,and hospitals. However,these engineering solutions are expensive and technologically challenging for a small, developing nation.Many experts argue that the only long-term solution is a dramatic reduction in global greenhouse gas emissions.But for the people of Tuvalu,the clock is ticking.The country is also discussing what would happen if their land becomes uninhabitable.They are exploring the concept of "migration with dignity,"which means negotiating with other nations,such as australia and New Zealand,to allow Tuvaluans to move there as a special category of climate refugees.The story of Tuvalu is not just about a single nation;it is a wamning to the entire world about the real and immediate consequences of climate change. ()1.What is the main reason for Tuvalu's vulnerability to sea-level rise? A.It is located in the center of the Pacific Ocean. B.It is a small,developing country with limited resources. C.Its highest point is very low above sea level. D.The people rely too heavily on the ocean for food. ()2.The phrase "existential threat"in paragraph 3 most probably refers to a threat to A.the nation's survival B.the country's economy C.the people's health D.the local customs ()3.According to the passage,what is the "Floating Future"project intended to do? A.Reclaim land from the sea. B.Move the entire population to Australia. C.Build man-made islands that can adjust to water levels. D.Raise the height of the auport runway ()4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the long-term solution for Tuvalu? A.It is too late for Tuvalu to be saved. B.International cooperation and emission cuts are crucial. C.The "migration with dignity"plan is the best and only solution. D.Land reclamation and floating islands will definitely solve the problem. Passage B Ernest Shackleton is remembered not for reaching the South Pole,but for a miraculous feat of survival In 1914,he led the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition,aiming to be the first to cross the Antarctic continent.His ship,the Endwrance,became trapped in pack ice in the Weddell Sea.For ten months,the crew watched as the ice slowly crushed their ship.Eventually,the Endurance sank,leaving 28 men stranded on the ice floes. Shackleton's leadership skills were immediately tested.He maintained discipline and morale,insisting on a strict routine of work and play.He ordered the men to shoot their sled dogs,a difficult decision,to save food.The team drifted on the ice for months until it began to break up,forcing them into their three small lifeboats.They navigated treacherous icy waters for seven days until they landed on the remote,uninhabited Elephant Island. Here,they made a desperate plan.Shackleton selected a crew of five men to accompany him on an 800-mile voyage in the 22-foot lifeboat,the James Caird,across the stormy Southern Ocean to South Georgia Island,where a whaling station was located.It was one of the most dangerous small-boat voyages in history.They battled huricane-force winds and monstrous waves for 16 terifying days. Navigating by the stars,Shackleton somehow managed to land the boat on the rocky coast of South Georgia. But their ordeal was not over.They had landed on the wrong side of the island.To reach the whaling station,Shackleton and two others had to cross the island's uncharted,mountainous interior.They climbed glacier-covered peaks and descended icy slopes without proper equipment.36 hours later,they stumbled,exhausted and filthy,into the whaling station.The manager,who had last seen them nearly two years before,could not believe his eyes. Once recovered,Shackleton's primary concem was rescuing the 22 men left behind on Elephant Island After three failed attempts in other ships,he finally secured the help of a Chilean tugboat.On the fourth attempt,he sailed into the bay and found his men alive.They had survived for four and a half months on a diet of penguins,seals,and seaweed.Incredibly,not a single member of the expedition was lost.Shackleton's greatest achievement was not conquering the continent,but bringing every single one of his men home alive. ()1.What was the original goal of Shackleton's expedition? A.To reach the South Pole. B.To rescue a stranded crew. C.To cross the Antarctic continent D.To test a new type of ship ()2.Why did Shackleton order the sled dogs to be shot? A.They were sick and dying B.They were too difficult to control. C.The lifeboats were too small for them. D.To conserve limited food supplies ()3.What was the most difficult part of Shackleton's journey to South Georgia? A.Finding a suitable boat for the journey B.Landing the boat on the island's rocky coast. C.Crossing the island's mountains on foot. D.The 16-day voyage across the turbulent Southem Ocean. ()4.What makes Shackleton's story "miraculous"according to the passage? A.He successfully crossed the Antarctic continent. B.He became famous despite his failure to reach the Pole. C.He saved the lives of all 28 of his crew members. D.He survived for many years alone on Elephant Island. 二、完形填空 A devastating earthquake struck Nepal in 2015,and I was there.I was part of a medical(1) providing aid.The initial chaos was overwhelming.People were(2)in the rubble of their homes.Our first priority was to (3) _as many survivors as possible We worked day and night,performing (4)in makeshift operating rooms.The (5) of the people was immense.We saw broken bones,deep cuts,and emotional trauma.One woman, trapped for 24 hours,could barely (6) when we found her.We quickly gave her oxygen.The rescue (7) was slow and dangerous because aftershocks constantly threatened to cause more collapse. Despite the suffering,the spirit of the people was remarkable.They helped each other,sharing food and water.We made an (8)to reach a remote village,but a landslide blocked the road.We had to tum back.Later,we (9)a different route and finally got through.When we arived,the villagers were conducting their own small(10)operations to help the injured.We immediately started to (11) the situation and treat the wounded. A week into our mission,our supplies began to(12)We had to carefully measure out our remaining resources.Just as hope was fading,we heard the sound of helicopters.A new(13) team had arrived with fresh supplies.It was a moment of pure relief.The entire (14) of recovery was long,but seeing the resilience of the human spiit in the face of such a natural disaster was a (15) I will never forget. 1.A.operation B.team C.measure D.attempt 2.A.rescued B.trapped C.conducted D.suffered 3.A.rescue B.process C.interrupt D.measure 4.A.operations B.attempts C.processes D.breaths 5.A.suffering B.rescue C.teamwork D.performance 6.A.breathe B.speak C.breathe D.walk 7.A.attempt B.operation C.process D.measure 8.A.rescue B.attempt C.decision D.choice 9.A.interrupted B.conducted C.measured D.attempted 10.A.suffering B.rescue C.operation D.breathing 11.A.trap B.rescue C.suffer D.measure 12.A.run out B.run over C.give out D.give in 13.A.rescue B.suffering C.trapped D.operation 14.A.process B.attempt C.operation D.suffering 15.A.lesson B.measure C.team D.attempt 三、阅读短文回答问题 Read the following passage and answer the questions in complete sentences. Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay's successful ascent of Mount Everest in 1953 was a landmark event in human exploration.However,what many people don't know is the immense respect they had for the mountain,which they referred to not as something to be "conquered,"but as a living entity to be passed.This philosophy is central to understanding the relationship between humans and nature in extreme environments. Before their final push,Hillary and Tenzing were accompanied by a team of scientists and climbers who conducted a series of experiments on the human body's reaction to high altitude.These experiments were crucial for understanding how to measure and manage the effects of low oxygen levels,a vital step for future mountaineers.The entire operation was a carefully planned process,with multiple camps set up along the mountain's slopes to allow climbers to acclimatize. The greatest challenge came near the summit,a steep rock face now known as the Hillary Step.Here, Hillary had to make a perilous attempt to haul himself up a narrow crack while balancing on a small ledge.This required not only physical strength but also the ability to control his breathing.He reported that every movement felt slow and required immense concentration.The suffering from the extreme cold and altitude was intense After their successful return,both men became heroes,but they used their fame to help the people of Nepal.Tenzing,in particular,devoted his life to improving the living conditions of the Sherpa community,building schools and hospitals near his home.Their story is not just about a human triumph over a natural obstacle,but a testament to the harmony,respect,and cooperation that can exist between people and the powerful,untamed world. 1.According to the text,how did Hillary and Tenzing view Mount Everest? 2.What was the pupose of the experiments conducted by the team of scientists before the final push? 3.What made the "Hillary Step"so challenging for Edmund Hillary? 4.Besides physical strength,what other ability was required to climb the "Hillary Step"? 5.How did Tenzing Norgay use his fame after the successful ascent? 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The destruction of a natural habitat is a slow and painful(process).When a forest is cut down,the animals that once lived there are(trap)in a new,hostile environment.Many (attempt)to find new homes,but often fail.Conservationists must take effective (measure)to protect these creatures.A major rescue(operate)is often required to move animals to a safer area.This is a complex task that must be(conduct)with great care. The team must first(measure)the size of the animal population and the health of the remaining habitat.If resources (run out),the situation becomes critical.The animals,already (suffer)from stress,may find it hard to adapt to a new location.It is a race against time,and every (breath)counts. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 8. 9. 10. 五、写作 假设你是李华，你的新西兰笔友Tom来信询问关于自然灾害中人类互助的故事。请你结合本单 元关于“人类与自然”的思考，给他写一封回信。 内容包括： 1.讲述一个你在新闻中所知的在面对自然灾害时，人们互相帮助、团结一致的故事（例如：地 震、洪水、台风等)。 2.谈谈你从这个故事中学到了什么，特别是关于人类在自然面前的勇气与互助精神。 3.在信的结尾，表达你对人与自然关系的看法，以及人类应该如何与自然和谐相处。 注意： 1.词数100左右（开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数)。 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3.请使用正确的书信格式。 开头： Dear Tom, I'm so glad to hear from you.I was deeply touched by your question about human solidarity in the face of nature. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 参考答案 PassageA:1.C 2.A3.C4.B 一、阅读理解 Passage B:5.C 6.D7.D8.C 1.B,2.B,3.A,4.A;5.A;6.A;7.C,8.B,9.B;10.B;11.D;12.A,13.A;14.A;15 二、完形填空 A 1.They viewed it not as something to be "conquered",but as a living entity to be passed. 2.The experiments were crucial for understanding how to measure and manage the effects of low oxygen levels. 三、阅a读短文3.lamacki 回答问题 balancing on a small ledge 4.The ability to control his breathing 5.Tenzing Norgay used his fame to help the people of Nepal by building schools and hospitals for the Sherpa community. 1.process 2.trapped 3.attempt 4.measures 5.operation 6.conducted 7.measure 8.run 四、短文填空 out 9.suffering 10.breath 五、写作 范文： Dear Tom, I'm so glad to hear from you.I was deeply touched by your question about human solidarity in the face of nature I remember a news story about a massive flood in China.Many villages were cut off and people were trapped.However,ordinary citizens formed rescue teams and risked their lives to help strangers. Soldiers and volunteers worked day and night,conducting operations to save the trapped.I leamed that true courage is not the absence of fear,but the decision to help others despite it. I believe humans are part of nature,not its master.We should respect natural forces and take measures to protect our environment.Only by living in harmony with nature can we avoid such disasters in the future Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua