Unit 5 Humans and Nature Lesson 3-2026-2027学年高中英语教材全解必修二（北师大版）

Unit Humans and Nature Lesson 3 教材全解() explorer preparation sledge ski captain polar 。单元核心词汇 base anxiously break down ambition exploration cheerful等 ②单元同步语法 构词法：后缀 。单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 l.ambition/em'brn/n.抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿 词形变化：ambitious(adj);ambitiously(adv.) 搭配：ambition to do sth.;achieve one's ambition;full of ambition 辨析：ambition常含褒义“远大志向”，但也可指“野心”；aspiration更正式，指 崇高愿望。 例句：His ambition is to become a great explorer. She achieved her ambition of making a scientific discovery. 2.exploration/,ekspla'1ern/n.探险；探索 词形变化：explore(v.),explorer(m.) space exploration;oil exploration;exploration of the unknown 辨析：exploration强调对未知领域的系统考察；expedition指有目的的探险队或远 征。 例句：The exploration of the polar regions began centuries ago. Scientists continue the exploration of the deep ocean. 3.prove/pu:v/vt.证明；证实vi.证明是，结果是 词形变化：proof(n.),proven(adj,) 搭配：prove sth.tosb.;prove(tobe)adj./h. 辨析：prove强调通过事实或推理证实；confirm多指确认己有消息或猜测。 例句：The experiment proved that the theory was correct.. He proved himself to be a brave captain 4.distant/drstent/adj.久远的；遥远的；冷淡的 词形变化：distance(n.),distantly(adv.) 搭配：distant future;distant land;in the distance 辨析：distant可指空间或时间距离；far多指空间距离；remote强调偏僻隔离。 例句：They dreamed of exploring distant continents. The mountains looked distant and mysterious. 5.polar/'pul/adj.极地的，地极的；相反的 词形变化：polarity(n.) 搭配：polar region;polar bear;polar climate 辨析：polar专指南北极；arctic特指北极；antarctic特指南极。 例句：Polar exploration requires careful preparation., The two opinions are polar opposites. 6.anxiously/'enkfasli/adv.焦虑地；不安地 词形变化：anxious(adj,),anxiety() 搭配：wait anxiously;look at sb.anxiously 辨析：anxiously侧重紧张担忧；eagerly侧重热切渴望。 例句：The captain anxiously checked the equipment. She waited anxiously for the results. 7.break down短语.停止运转，出故障；垮掉；分解 词形变化：breakdown(n.) 搭配：break down the barriers;break down the problem;mental breakdown 辨析：break down指机器失灵、身体垮掉或化学分解；break up指关系破裂或散 开。 例句：The sledge broke down in the middle of the polar journey. The negotiation broke down because of misunderstandings. 8.cheerful/'tiaf/adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的；令人愉快的 词形变化：cheer(v.h.),cheerfully(adv.),cheerfulness(n) 搭配：cheerful mood;cheerful smile 辨析：cheerful多形容性格或心情开朗；glad指因具体事件感到高兴；happy最通 用。 例句：Despite the difficulties,the team remained cheerful,. She gave a cheerful greeting to everyone. 9.base/beis/n.基地，大本营；基础vt.以…为基地；基于 词形变化：basic(adj,),basement(.),based(adj,) 搭配：at the base;base sth.on/upon;military base 辨析：base可作实物基地或抽象基础；basis多指抽象基础；foundation强调坚实 的基础。 例句：They set up a base camp at the foot of the mountain. The report is based on scientific research l0.honesty/'Dnisti/n.坦诚；诚实，正直 词形变化：honest(adj.),honestly(adv.) 搭配：in all honesty;honesty is the best policy 辨析：honesty强调不说谎、不欺骗；sincerity强调感情或态度的真诚；integrity强 调道德原则的坚定。 例句：Honesty is a quality that every explorer should have. In all honesty,the journey was much harder than we expected. 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.The young scientist had a strong (ambitious)to explore the polar region. 2.The (explore)of space has brought many discoveries to mankind 3.The experiment (prove)that the medicine was effective. 4.In the (distant)future,humans may live on other planets. 5.The (polar)bear is well adapted to the extreme cold. 6.The team waited (anxious)for the arrival of the supply plane. 7.The car (break down)on the way to the base camp. 8.She is always (cheer)even in difficult situations. 9.The captain (base)his decision on the weather report. 10. (honest)is an essential quality for any leader. (二)短文填空 When planning a polar 1. you need great 2. and careful 3. The team must 4. their camp in a safe area.However,equipment may 5. due to the extreme cold.The captain must stay 6. to keep everyone's spirits high.A 7. goal requires patience and courage.8. among members builds trust.Scientists try to 9. their theories through field research.The crew often waits 10. for rescue or supplies. 参考答案 (一)单句填空 1.ambition;2.exploration;3.proved;4.distant 5.polar,6.anxiously;7.broke down;8.cheerful;9.based;10.Honesty (二)短文填空 1.exploration;2.ambition;3.preparation;4.base;5.break down;6.cheerful; 7.distant;8.Honesty;9.prove;10.anxiously 教材同步语法全解全练 重点1 构词法：后缀 构词法：后缀 项目 内容 常加在动词后面，构成名词，表示“行为、过程、结果或状态”。 -tion/-sion educate→education;pollute→pollution 常加在动词后面，构成名词，表示“行为、结果或状态”。 -ment develop一development;move→movement 常加在形容词后，构成名词，表示“性质、状态、特征”。 -ness happy→happiness;sad→sadness 常加在动词后，表示“做…的人或物”。 -er/-or dance→dancer;teach→teacher 加在名词后，表示“充满…的，有…特性/能力的”。 -ful care→careful;help→helpful 加在名词后，表示“没有…的，无…的” -less home→homeless;care→careless 加在动词或名词后，表示“能…的，值得…的，可以…的”。 -able/-ible enjoy-→enjoyable;comfort→comfortable 加在动词后，表示“有…性质的，有…作用的”。 -ive create→creative;act→active 常加在名词或形容词后，表示“使…化，成为…” -ize /-ise Ieal→realize;apology→apologize 常加在形容词后，表示“使变得…” -en wide→widen;short→shorten 最常见的副词后缀，通常加在形容词后，表示“方式、程度、时间等”。 y 注意：以-le结尾的形容词变副词时，通常将-le变为-ly。 quick→quickly 表示“向…方向”。 -wards back-backward;forward(s) 考点通关 构词法：后缀 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) 1.The scientist made a great achievement in the study of the brain. A.achieve B.achievement C.achieving 2.The beauty of the city makes it a popular tourist destination. A.beautiful B.beautifully C.beauty 3.It is impossible to tell which direction is east without a compass A.possible B.impossible C.impossibility 4.The new policy aims to simplify the process of approving new drugs. A.simple B.simply C.simplify 5.She spoke so lively that everyone listened with great interest. A.lively B.liveliness C.lively 6.It was very caring of you to help the old man cross the street. A.care B.careful C.caring 7.The film's special effects were truly impressive. A.impressive B.impression C.impressed 8.After much discussion,they finally reached an agreement. A.discuss B.discussion C.discussing 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 1.Regular exercise can improve your general state of health and 2.The government should take action to reduce the of the river. 3.She has a very mind and is always coming up with new ideas. 4.The news came as a great to everyone. 5.He was after losing his job and his house in the same month. 6.The company is looking for someone who is in project management. 7.To our great the lost child was found safe and sound. 8.The teacher explained the problem so that finally I understood it. 9.The of penicillin was one of the most important events in medical history. 10.It is a book,full of practical advice for beginners. 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.B;2.C;3.B;4.C;5.A;6.C;7.A;8.B 1.fitness;2.pollution;3.creative;4.surprise;5.homeless; 语法专练二：语法填空 6.experienced;7.relief;8.patiently;9.discovery;10.useful A 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点句型 NEW ZEALAND 1.Generally,the further south you go,the colder it will be. 结构：the+比较级+主语+谓语，he+比较级+主语+谓语 中文：一般来说，你越往南走，天气就越冷。 用法：表示两个变化同时发生，一方随另一方程度增减而相应变化。 2.The most famous is the kiwi,which is a large bird that cannot fly. 结构：先行词+，+which+从句 中文：最著名的是几维鸟，它是一种不会飞的大鸟。 用法：用逗号与主句隔开，对先行词进行补充说明。 3.Almost every geographical feature in the world can be found in New Zealand. 结构：情态动词+be+过去分词 中文：世界上几乎每一种地理特征都能在新西兰找到。 用法：表示“能够被…”，情态动词常用can,could,may,might,must,should等。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：完成句子（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.New Zealand's forests are great for (hike)and camping. 2.Almost every geographical feature can (find)in New Zealand. 3.The further south you go,the (cold)it will be. 4.The kiwi is a bird cannot fly 5.New Zealand is home nearly 5 million people 6.The giant weta is the world's (large)insect 7.A mountain range (run)down the middle of the South Island. 8.It is a common saying you can get four seasons in one day. 9.New Zealand's beaches are perfect for (boat)and water sports. 10.Moa birds (be)native to New Zealand,but are now extinct. 练习二：翻译句子（在横线上写出完整句子） 1.一般来说，你越往南走，天气就越冷。 2.最著名的是几维鸟，它是一种不会飞的大鸟。 3.世界上几乎每一种地理特征都能在新西兰找到。 4.新西兰是近500万人口的家园。 5.摩亚鸟原产于新西兰，但现在已经灭绝了。 6.新西兰拥有比任何其他国家更多的企鹅种类。 7.全国三分之一的面积由国家公园组成。 8.巨型沙螽看起来像一只又大又吓人的蚱蜢，但实际无害。 9.如果你喜欢滑雪，南岛是最佳去处。 10.这个国家的海滩、湖泊和河流非常适合划船和水上运动。 参考答案 练习一：完成句子 1.hiking;2.be found;3.colder;4.which/that;5.to; 6.largest;7.runs;8.that;9.boating;10.were 练习二：翻译句子 1.Generally,the further south you go,the colder it will be. 2.The most famous is the kiwi,which is a large bird that cannot fly.;3.Almost every geographical feature in the world can be found in New Zealand.;4.New Zealand is home to nearly 5 million people.;5.Moa birds were native to New Zealand,but are now extinct.;6.New Zealand is home to more species of penguins than any other country.;7.One third of the country is made up of national parks.8.The giant weta looks like a big, scary grasshopper,but it is actually harmless.9.If you love skiing,the South Island is the best place to go.;10.The country's beaches,lakes and rivers are perfect for boating and water sports. 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 Passage A In 1925,a deadly diphtheria outbreak threatened the remote town of Nome,Alaska.With the only available serum in Anchorage,over 600 miles away,and no road or rail connections in the harsh winter,the only hope was a relay of dog sled teams.Twenty mushers and about 150 dogs braved blizzards,temperatures dropping to -50C,and treacherous ice to deliver the life-saving medicine.The serum arived in just five and a half days,saving countless lives.This event is now commemorated annually by the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race,a grueling 1,000-mile competition that tests both human and canine endurance. Today,the Iditarod faces new challenges.Climate change has made the trail increasingly unpredictable Warmer winters mean thinner ice on rivers and lakes,forcing mushers to find altemative routes.Some stretches that were once reliably frozen are now dangerously open water.The race organizers have had to shorten the route in recent years due to lack of snow.In 2023,the starting point was moved north to ensure adequate snow cover. Yet the spirit of the race endures.Mushers still rely on the same bond with their dogs that saved Nome a century ago.Each team consists of 12 to 16 dogs,carefully bred and trained for strength,stamina, and loyalty.The musher must know each dog's personality-which ones lead best,which ones pull hardest,which ones need encouragement.A good musher treats the dogs with respect and care, because the race is not just about winning;it's about completing a journey together. Environmentalists,however,argue that the race contributes to animal welfare concerns and carbon emissions.Some have called for its cancellation.But supporters point to the cultural heritage and the deep bond between humans and animals.The Iditarod raises awareness about the fragile Arctic environment and the impacts of climate change.As one musher put it,"We are running not just against each other,but against the clock of a warming planet." The race also highlights the broader relationship between humans and nature.For centuries,Indigenous peoples of the Arctic have relied on dog sleds for survival.The Iditarod keeps that tradition alive,but it also forces us to question how we treat our environment and the creatures that share it with us.As the planet warms,what other traditions might be lost?The Iditarod is more than a race-it is a reminder of our dependence on nature and our responsibility to protect it. ()1.What was the original pupose of the 1925 dog sled relay? A.To establish a new trail for dog sledding. B.To deliver medicine to a town during a disease outbreak. C.To celebrate the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race. D.To test the endurance of dogs in extreme cold. ()2.How has climate change affected the Iditarod race? A.The race is now longer and more challenging. B.The trail has become safer due to better weather. C.Organizers have had to change the route and shorten it. D.The number of participants has increased dramatically. ()3.What does the author imply about the bond between mushers and dogs? A.It is purely based on winning the race. B.It has weakened over the past century. C.It remains essential for completing the joumney. D.It is similar to the relationship between humans and pets. ()4.What is the main argument of environmentalists against the Iditarod? A.The race is too long and dangerous. B.It harms animal welfare and produces emissions. C.It ignores the cultural heritage of Indigenous peoples. D.It does not raise enough money for climate research. ()5.What is the author's overall attitude toward the Iditarod? A.Strongly supportive. B.Completely opposed. C.Balanced,recognizing both value and problems. D.Indifferent. Passage B When people think about fighting climate change,they often imagine wind turbines or solar panels.But one of the most powerful tools for absorbing carbon is right beneath our feet:soil.Healthy soil can store vast amounts of carbon,keeping it out of the atmosphere where it contibutes to global warming. However,modem industrial farming practices have degraded soil,releasing stored carbon and turning a natural carbon sink into a source of emissions. Soil organic matter,composed of decomposed plants and animals,holds carbon in a stable form. Plowing,overgrazing,and the use of chemical fertilizers disturb this matter,exposing it to oxygen and causing it to break down,which releases carbon dioxide.It is estimated that agricultural soils have lost 50 to 70 percent of their original carbon content.The good news is that this lost carbon can be restored through regenerative agricultural practices. Regenerative agriculture focuses on rebuilding soil health.Key practices include no-till farming,where crops are planted without disturbing the soil;cover cropping,which keeps the soil covered year-round; and rotational grazing,which mimics the natural movement of wild animals.These methods increase organic matter,improve water retention,and boost biodiversity both above and below ground.Studies show that regenerative practices can sequester between 1 and 2 tons of carbon per hectare per year. Farmers who adopt these methods also benefit economically.Healthier soil requires fewer chemical inputs,reducing costs.It also holds water better,making crops more resilient to drought.In the long run,regenerative agriculture can improve yields while restoring the land.Some farmers have reported that after a few years of transition,their profits increased despite lower initial yields. Critics argue that regenerative agriculture alone cannot solve climate change.The amount of carbon that soil can store is limited,and it is not a substitute for reducing emissions.However,supporters point out that even a modest increase in soil carbon across the world's agricultural lands could make a significant dent in atmospheric carbon levels.Moreover,it is a low-tech solution that can be implemented now,without waiting for breakthroughs in carbon capture technology. The relationship between humans and nature is often framed as one of exploitation.But regenerative agriculture offers a different narrative:one where humans work with nature to restore balance.By caring for the soil,we not only mitigate climate change but also ensure food security for future generations.The Earth's skin-its soil-deserves our attention as much as the air we breathe. ()1.What is the main idea of the passage? A.Soil is more important than renewable energy in fighting climate change. B.Soil restoration can be a key part of climate solutions. C.Industrial farming has permanently destroyed soil. D.Regenerative agriculture is too expensive for most farmers. ()2.How does modem industrial farming contribute to climate change? A.By using too much water. B.By releasing stored carbon from soil. C.By producing methane from livestock. D.By reducing the number of trees. ()3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a regenerative agricultural practice? A.No-till farming. B.Cover cropping. C.Using more chemical fertilizers. D.Rotational grazing. ()4.What economic benefit does regenerative agriculture offer farmers? A.Immediate increase in crop yields. B.Lower costs due to fewer chemical inputs. C.Higher prices for organic products. D.Goverment subsidies for carbon credits. ()5.What is the author's attitude toward regenerative agniculture? A.Skeptical and critical. B.Cautiously optimistic. C.Enthusiastic and unquestioning. D.Neutral and objective. 二、完形填空 Eric was an experienced mountain climber,but nothing could have prepared him for what he faced on Mount Everest that spring.He had always been drawn to the (1) of standing on top of the world,but the joumey there was (2)with danger.As he climbed higher,each step became a battle against the thin air and freezing temperatures. One aftemnoon,just below the summit,he came across a fellow climber named David,who was (3) from altitude sickness and unable to move.David was not part of Eric's team,and helping him would mean giving up his own chance to reach the top-a goal he had trained for years to (4) Eric faced a difficult(5) In mountaineering,there is an unwritten rule:each climber is responsible for their own safety.Pausing to rescue someone at this altitude could be(6) for both.But Eric could not ignore the (7)in David's eyes.He decided to stay and help. Using his radio,Eric called for a rescue team.He then wrapped David in his own warm layers, knowing full well that this (8)his own risk of frostbite.For hours,they waited,shivering together.Finally,a helicopter anived.Both men were evacuated to safety. Later,at the base camp,reporters asked Eric:"Was it worth (9)your dream?" Eric replied,"In the mountains,you learn that nature does not care about your ambitions.But people do.The summit will always be there.A life lost is gone forever.I made a choice that I can live (10) n Eric's story spread,and he was (11) as a hero.But he insisted that he did not do anything special."In nature,we are all connected.When we help (12) we help ourselves in a deeper sense,"he said. The(13) between humans and nature is not only about conquering,but also about understanding our place within it.Nature can be harsh,but it also teaches us (14) compassion,and the value of human life.Eric learned that the highest peak is not the one you (15) but the one you choose to climb together. 1.A.fear B.dream C.danger D.height 2.A.filled B.covered C.faced D.loaded 3.A.suffering B.recovering C.escaping D.learning 4.A.forget B.achieve C.avoid D.change 5.A.question B.task C.decision D.problem 6.A.safe B.helpful C.easy D.deadly 7.A.anger B.hope C.fear D.joy 8.A.reduced B.increased C.ignored D.controlled 9.A.giving up B.holding onto C.looking for D.running after 10.A.with B.for C.without D.by 11.A.praised B.blamed C.forgotten D.doubted 12.A.others B.ourselves C.nature D.climbers 13.A.conflict B.relationship C.difference D.similarity 14.A.selfishness B.courage C.ignorance D.loneliness 15.A.climb B.see C.move D.conquer 三、阅读短文回答问题 Read the following passage and answer the questions. For centuries,the relationship between humans and nature has been viewed as a struggle for dominance.We cut down forests,dam rivers,and drill for oil,believing that nature exists solely for our use.However,a growing number of scientists are arguing that this viewpoint is not only wrong but dangerous.They propose a new way of thinking:"biophilia,"a term popularized by biologist E.O. Wilson,which suggests that humans have an innate tendency to connect with nature.This connection is not just emotional but also essential for our physical and mental well-being. Studies have shown that spending time in green spaces can lower blood pressure,reduce stress,and improve mood.Hospital patients with a view of trees recover faster than those looking at a brick wall. Children who play in natural environments develop better motor skills and creativity.Yet in modem society,we have increasingly isolated ourselves from the natural world.The average American spends 93%of their time indoors.This "nature deficit disorder"may be contributing to rising rates of anxiety and depression. The biophilia hypothesis also has implications for environmental protection.If humans are naturally drawn to nature,then destroying it is not only ecologically harmful but also psychologically damaging. Conservation efforts should not focus solely on preserving species and ecosystems;they should also recognize the intrinsic value of nature for human fulfillment.National parks,urban green spaces,and even backyard gardens all serve as bridges between humans and the natural world. However,critics wamn that biophilia could be used to justify human-centered conservation,where only nature that benefits humans is protected.They argue that nature has value in itself,regardless of its usefulness to us.The debate continues,but one thing is clear:the health of the planet and the health of humanity are deeply intertwined.As we face climate change and biodiversity loss,understanding our relationship with nature has never been more urgent. l.What is the main idea of the passage?(不超过15词) 2.According to the passage,what are the benefits of spending time in nature?(列出两点) 3.What does the term "nature deficit disorder"refer to? 4.Why do critics worry about the biophilia hypothesis? 5.Why does the author say "the health of the planet and the health of humanity are deeply intertwined'”？(用文中信息回答) 四、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Global warming is causing the polar ice caps(1) at an alarming rate.This process has serious (2) for both humans and wildlife.For example,polar bears depend on sea ice as a (3) for hunting seals.With less ice,they must swim longer distances,(4) to exhaustion and drowning.Scientists have documented a (5) decrease in polar bear populations over the past few decades. But the impact extends beyond animals.Coastal communities around the world are(6) by rising sea levels.Small island nations like Tuvalu and Maldives may become (7) within this century.Even major cities like New York and Shanghai are investing in sea walls and other (8) measures. (9) this crisis,intemnational agreements like the Paris Accord aim to limit global temperature rise.However,some critics argue that these efforts are (10)and call for more aggressive action. 2 3. 5 8. 10. 五、写作 假设你是李华，你的英国朋友T0来信询问人类应该如何与自然和谐相处。请你回信，内容包 括： 1.人类与自然的关系现状（如过度开发、环境污染等）； 2.个人对和谐共处的建议（至少两条，如节约资源、保护生物多样性等）； 3.呼吁每个人从小事做起。 注意： 1.词数100-120词； 2.可以适当增加细节，使内容连贯： 3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Tom, I'm glad to hear from you and I'd like to share my thoughts on how humans can live in harmony with nature. Yours, Li Hua 参考答案 Passage A:1.B 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.C 一、阅读理解 Passage B:1.B 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.B 1.B;2.A;3.A;4.B;5.C;6.D;7.C;8.B;9.A;10.A;11.A;12.A;13.B;14. 二、完形填空 B;15.D 三、阅读短文1.Humans have an innate connection with nature that benefits health and 回答问题 conservation. 2.Lower blood pressure,reduce stress,improve mood,faster recovery in hospitals, better motor skills and creativity in children.(任选两点) 3.The lack of contact with nature in modern society,which may cause anxiety and depression. 4.Because it could justify protecting only nature that benefits humans,ignoring nature's intrinsic value. 5.Because the health of the planet (e.g.,climate,biodiversity)directly affects human well-being,and vice versa. 1.melting 2.consequences 3.platform 4.leading 5.significant 6.threatened 7. 四、短文填空 uninhabitable 8.protective 9.To address 10.insufficient 五、写作 范文： Dear Tom, I'm glad to hear from you and I'd like to share my thoughts on how humans can live in harmony with nature. Currently,many human activities such as over-exploitation of forests,pollution of rivers,and greenhouse gas emissions are damaging the environment.To live in harmony with nature,we should first reduce waste by recycling and conserving energy.Second,protecting biodiversity is crucial-we can support wildlife reserves and avoid buying products made from endangered animals.Every small action counts,like planting trees or using public transport.I believe if everyone takes responsibility,we can restore the balance between humans and nature. Yours, Li Hua