Unit 1 This is me-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册语法专项（外研版）

Unit 1 This is me 语法专项 章 语法概览 ★现在完成时(1) ★现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 语法精讲精练一 1.现在完成时（1) 一初中外研新版初二上/中考难度 考点 定义与结构 关键点/示例 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响 1.定义 或结果；或表示从过去一直持续到现在 强调“过去”与“现在”的联系。 的动作或状态。 have/has+过去分词否定：have/has 例：I have finished my homework.(现 2.结构 not+过去分词疑问：Have/Has+主语 在完成了，可以休息。)She has gone +过去分词？ to Beijing.(她现在不在说话地点。) 规则动词：加-ed(同过去式)不规则 3.过去分词 动词：需单独记忆（如do→done, ★中考重点：不规则动词表必须掌握。 see-→seen,go→gone) ①I have lost my key.(现在没钥匙 4.三个基本 ①已完成且对现在有影响②经历（是 了。)②Have you ever visited the 否做过某事)③从过去持续到现在（常 Great Wall?(你曾经去过长城吗？)③ 用法 用for/since) He has lived here for3 years.(住到现 在。) √already已经（肯定句，可放句中或句 末)√yet（否定句和疑问句句末) 5.常用时间 例：I have just eaten lunch.They haven't just刚刚√ever曾经（疑问句）√ 状语 arrived yet.since 2010 since I was born. never从未√before以前（句末）√ for+时间段√since+时间点/从句 have been to:去过某地，现在已回来 6.易混辨 (强调经历)have gone to:去了某 析：have 地，现在不在说话地点（强调不在） ★中考高频考点 been to vs. 例：She has been to Shanghai..（去过， have gone to 现在回来了。)She has gone to Shanghai.(去了，还没回来。) 二、专项训练（中考/名校月考难度） (一)单项选择（共10小题） 1. you ever to the Great Wall?-Yes,I have. A.Have;gone B.Have;been C.Did;go D.Are;going 2.My mother not the housework yet.She is still busy. A.has;been B.have;done C.has;done D.did;do 3.I this movie twice.It's very interesting. A.see B.saw C.have seen D.will see 4.-Where is your brother?-He to the library. A.has been B.has gone C.went D.goes 5.We each other since we were children. A.know B.knew C.have known D.will know 6. you your homework? A.Did;finish B.Have;finished C.Do;finish D.Will;finish 7.She already the book.She can tell you the story. A.has;read B.have;read C.is;reading D.was;reading 8.I have never such a beautiful park before. A.see B.saw C.seen D.seeing 9.They have lived here 10 years. A.since B.for C.in D.firom 10. you ever to Beijing? A.Have;been B.Have;gone C.Did;go D.Are;going (二)语法填空（共10小题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的适当形式，使短文通顺、完整。 Hi,I'm Tom.I 1. (live)in this small town since 2010.I 2 have)a very happy life here.I3 (make)many good fiiends.They all 4. (help)me a lot. Last month,I 5. (finish)my final exam.I 6. (be)very nervous before it,but now I feel relaxed.I 7. (already receive)the result.I am satisfied My best friend Mike 8. (visit)me many times.He 9. (never been)to my school before,but now he knows it well.We 10. (talk)for hours every time we meet. (三)完成句子（共10小题） 1.我已经完成作业了。I my homework. 2.她从来没有去过北京。She never to Beijing. 3.你曾经吃过中国菜吗？ you ever Chinese food? 4.他还没有回来。He back yet. 5.我们住在这里已经有五年了。We here for five years. 6.他们刚刚到达火车站。They just at the train station. 7.我从2018年开始学习英语。I English since 2018. 8你昨天为什么没来上学？一一因为我生病了。 -Why you to school yesterday?-Because I 讪. 9.这本书我已经读了三遍了。I this book three times. 10.他去了上海，现在还没回来。He to Shanghai and hasn't come back yet. 三、 参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.C;3.C;4.B;5.C;6B;7.A;8.C9.B;10.A 选择 (二)语法 1.have lived 2.have had 3.have made 4.have helped 5.finished 6.was 7.have 填空 already received 8.has visited 9.has never been 10.have talked 1.have finished 2.has;been 3.Have;eaten /had 4.hasn't come 5.have lived; (三)完成 6.have;arrived 7.have learned studied 8.didn't;come;was 9.have read 10.has 句子 gone 章 语法精讲精练二 1.定义与共同点 时态 定义 共同点 表示过去某个时间发生的动 两者都表示过去发生的动 一般过去时 作或存在的状态，与现在无 作。 关。 表示过去发生的动作对现在 现在完成时 造成影响或结果，或动作从 两者都和“过去”有关。 过去持续到现在。 ★核心考点：一般过去时只谈过去，不谈现在；现在完成时强调与现在的联系。 2.四大核心区别（中考重点） (1)时间状语标志词不同 一般过去时 现在完成时 yesterday,last week,in 2010,just now,.ago,the already,yet,ever,never,just,recently,so far, day before yesterday since+时间点，for+时间段 例：I saw him yesterday. 例：I have already seen him. (2)动作状态不同 一般过去时 现在完成时 动作可能已结束（强调结果）或可能延续到 动作已结束，只描述过去事实。 现在。 例：He lived in Beijing for5yeas.(现在不在 例：He has lived in Beijing for5yeas.(现在 北京了) 还在北京) (3)与现在的联系不同 一般过去时 现在完成时 只说过去的事，不暗示现在如何。 强调过去对现在的影响或结果。 例：Ilost my key.(过去丢了，现在可能找到 例：I have lost my key..(现在还没找到，进不 了) 了门) (4)时间状语提问不同 一般过去时 现在完成时 When did you...?/What time...? How long have you...?/Have you ever...? 例：When did you buy the book? 例：How long have you had the book? 3.四大核心考点（详解） 考点1：时间状语标志词（中考高频） 一般过去时常用标志：yesterday,last,…ago,inm2020,just now,this morning(已过去 的时间段) 现在完成时常用标志： ①already(肯定句)、yet(否定句/疑问句) ②ever(曾经)、never(从未) ③just(刚刚)、recently(最近) ④since+过去时间点/since+从句（一般过去时） ⑤for+时间段 ⑥so far/up to now(到目前为止) 例：I have already finished my homework.(已完成，现在不做了) 例：Ihaven't seen him yet.（还没见，现在还不知他在哪) 考点2：动作是否完成/是否延续（中考压轴） ★延续性动词ⅴs非延续性动词 动作类型 定义 常见词 延续性动词 live,study,work,keep,stay, 动作可延续一段时间 have 非延续性动词（瞬间动词） 动作瞬间完成，不能持续 buy,borrow,leave,anive,die, join,finish 现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for/sincei连用， 需改为延续性动词或“be+形 容词/名词/副词”结构。 非延续性动词 延续性替换 buy→have I have had the book for 3 days. borrow→keep I have kept the book for 2 weeks. leave→be away He has been away for an hour. die→be dead The dog has been dead for 5 years. 考点3：与现在的联系（四大用法对比） 用法 一般过去时 现在完成时 例句 I visited the Great Wall √只谈过去经验， ①表示经验 √强调“到目前为 last year./I have 不强调现在 止是否有过” visited the Great Wall twice. I ate breakfast at 7./I √强调过去动作对 ②表示结果 √只说过去动作 have eaten breakfast, 现在的影响 so I am not hungry. √correct::Ie has worked here since √动作从过去持续 ③表示持续 不可（动作结束） 到现在 2020.X wrong:He worked here since 2020. √correct::I finished √单纯描述已经完 √强调完成的结果 the work just now./I ④表示完成 成 或影响 have just finished the work. 考点4：易混点辨析（中考必考) 1 have been to vs have gone to vs have been in 结构 含义 例句 She has been to Shanghai. have been to 去过某地（已回） 过，现在已回) She has gone to Shanghai. have gone to 去了某地（未回） 了，现在不在说话地) 在某地待了多久（持续状 She has been in Shanghai for 5 have been in 态) yeas.（在那住了5年) ②一般过去时vs现在完成时的否定疑问 用“When”提问→一般过去时 用“Howlong”提问→现在完成时 When did you buy the bike?/How long have you had the bike? ③just/already/yet的先后顺序 just/al1eady常用于现在完成时（肯定句） yet常用于现在完成时（否定句/疑问句） just now只能用于一般过去时 I have just finished the work./I finished the work just now. 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择（共10题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. you ever to the Great Wall? A.Did;go;have been B.Have;been;went C.Have;gone;have gone D.D0,g0,g0 2.My grandfather for 10 years.I miss him very much. A.has died B.has been dead C.died D.was dead 3.-Where is your father? A.has gone;comes B.has been;will come C.has gone;will come D.has been;came 4.I this bike for two years.It's still new A.have bought B.bought C.have had D.buy 5.-When you the book? A.did;borrow;borrowed B.have;borrowed;have borrowed C.did;borrow,have borrowed D.have;borrowed;borrowed 6.So far,they 5 English songs A.learn B.learned C.have learned D.are learning 7. you your homework yet? A.Have;done;have done B.Did;do;did C.Have;done;did D.Do;do;do 8.She her hometown since she was 18. A.has left B.left C.has been away from D.has been left 9.1 him last night,but I haven't seen him today A.have seen B.saw C.see D.was seeing 10.-Howlong you this book? A.did;have B.have;had C.have;bought D.do;have (二)语法填空（共10空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的适当形式，使短文通顺、完整。 Tom is my good friend.He 1. (come)from London.He 2. (live)in China since 2018.So far,he 3. (learn)a lot about Chinese culture. Last week,he 4. (go)to the Palace Museum with his parents.He 5. (take) many photos there.He 6. (not visit)the Great Wall yet,but he hopes to go there next year. Yesterday,I 7. (ask)him,“How long8. you (be)in Beijing?” He answered,"I 9. (be)here for about two years.I 10. (start)to learn Chinese when I came here." (三)完成句子（共10题） 1.我已经读过这本书了，但我的弟弟还没读过。 this book,but my brother read it 2.他三年前买了这辆车，至今已经开了很长时间了。 He this car three years ago,and he it for a long time. 3你曾经去过上海吗？是的，我去年夏天去过。 you ever Shanghai?Yes,I there last summer. 4她离开北京已经十年了。 She from Beijing for ten years 5.到目前为止，我们已经学习了2000多个英语单词。 So far,we over 2000 English words. 6.你什么时候开始学英语的？我七岁就开始学了。 When you English?I it at the age of 7. 7这本书我已经借了三天了，明天必须还。 this book for three days,and I must return it tomorrow. 8我爷爷去世五年了，我很想念他。 My grandfather for five years.I miss him very much. 9她还没完成作业，她正在做呢。 She her homework she is doing it now. 10.你刚才看见他了吗？不，我最近没见过他。 you him just now?No,I him recently. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.B;3.C;4.C;5.A;6.C;7.C;8.C;9.B;10.B 选择 (二)语法 1.comes 2.has lived 3.has learned 4.went 5.took 6.hasn't visited 7.asked 填空 8.have;been 9.have been 10.started 1.have already read,hasn't,yet 2.bought,has had 3.Have;been to;went 4.has (三)完成 句子 been away 5.have leamed ;6.did,start leaming,started 7.have kept ;8.has been dead 9.hasn't finished;yet 10.Did,see,haven't seen