Unit 2 The World of Art-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册语法专项（仁爱科普版）

Unit 2 The World of Art 语法专项 章 语法概览 ☆不定代词、地点/时间副词 ★感叹句 语法精讲精练一 1.不定代词 定义与功能 定义：不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的词，用于泛指人或事物。 核心功能：在句中作主语、宾语或表语。 核心分类与用法 类别 常见词 核心考点与用法 例句与解析 肯定：Someone is waiting some.系列：常用于肯定 for you.否定：There isn't someone somebody, 句。 any-系列：常用于 anything in the box.疑 anyone anybody,no one/ 否定句和疑问句。n0-系 问：Do you have ①指人/指 nobody,everyone/ 列：表示否定，本身具有 物 anything to say?后置：I everybody something, 否定意义。evey-系 have something important anything,nothing, 列：表示“每一个”。) to tell you./something everything 定语后置：形容词修饰 不定代词时，必须后置。 important X important something ②指两者/ both,either,neither all, Both/Neither/Either:只用 两者：Both of them are 三者以上 none,any 于两者之间。〉both意 students..(他们俩都是学 为“两者都”，作主语时 生)Neither answer is 谓语用复数。>neither ight.(两个答案都不对) 意为“两者都不”，本身 You can take either book. 是否定，作主语时谓语常 (你可以拿任意一本书)三 用单数。)either意为 者以上：All the students “两者中的任何一个”， are here..(所有学生都在 作主语时谓语常用单数。 这)None of them knows A/None/Any:用于三者或 the truth.(他们中没人知道 三者以上。)all意为“所 真相)Is any of the girls 有”，作主语时指人用复 here?(有女孩在这吗？) 数，指物/抽象概念用单 数。>none意为“没有 一个”，本身是否定。) any意为“任何一个”， 用于否定或疑问。 There are a few apples in >many/few(可数名词复 the basket..(有一些)He 数)>much/1 ittle(不可数 has few friends here.(几乎 many,much,(a)few,(a) ③其他 名词))afew/a little表 没有朋友)I need a little little 示“有一点”（肯定） water.(需要一点水) few/little表示“几乎没 有”（否定） There is little milk left. 下的牛奶很少) 2.地点/时间副词 定义与功能 地点副词：表示地点或位置关系的副词。如：here(这里)，here(那里)，home(家)， upstairs(楼上)，abroad(国外)，everywhere(到处) 时间副词：表示时间的副词。如：now(现在)，hen(然后)，today(今天)，yesterday(昨 天)，already(已经)，yet(还未)，ever(曾经)，never(从不) 核心功能：在句中作状语，修饰动词，表示动作发生的地点或时间。 核心用法与易混点 类别 核心考点与用法 例句与解析 作状语：Please come here·(请过来) 常见位置：通常在动词之后（不及物动 Put the book there,(把书放那儿)She 词)或宾语之后（及物动词）。〉表语 地点副词 功能：部分地点副词（如here,there, went upstairs.(她上楼了)作表语：Is your mother in?(你妈妈在家吗？)I home)可以放在系动词后作表语。 will be there on time.(我会按时到那儿) 时间副词 常见位置：>句首或句末：表确定时间 句末：I will finish it tomorrow.句中： 的副词（如today,yesterday, He often goes to the park.She has already tomorrow)。)句中（系动词后/实义动 finished her homework.(她己经完成了) 词前)：表频率/不确定时间的副词 Have you ever been to Beijing?(你曾经 always,often,never,already, 去过北京吗？)I have never seen such a ever）。易混辨析：>already/yet- beautiful view.(我从未见过这么美的景 already用于肯定句（已经）。-yet用 色)He hasn't come back yet.(他还没 于否定句（还）和疑问句（已经）。) 回来)Is everything ready yet?(一切都 ever/never-ever用于疑问句中（曾 准备好了吗？) 经)。 never用于句中（从来不，从 未)。 3.易混考点辨析（中考必考） 易混组合 辨析要点 典型错误与正确用法 someone(某人)是复合不定代词；any 错误：Any one is in the room.正确： someone any one(任何一个)是“any+one”,强调 Someone is in the room.正确：You one 群体中的个体，可与of连用。 can choose any one of the books. everyone(每人)只指人，不能跟of短 错误： Everyone of the students is here. everyone 语；every one(每一个)指人/物，常 正确： Every one of the students is every one 跟of短语。 here go常与一般过去时连用，表示以现在 ago:I met him two days ago.(两天 为起点的“之前”。before常与过去 before He said he had seen the ago/before 完成时/现在完成时连用，表示以过去 film before.(他之前说过)Ihave 某时刻为起点的“之前”或泛指“以 never been here before.(我以前从没 前”。 来过) 二、专项训练（中考/名校月考难度，8-10题/大题， 共3大题) (一)单项选择 1.-Who helped you finish the work? I did it all by myself A.Someone B.No one C.Anyone D.Everyone 2.There isn't in the room.It's completely empty. A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 3.I have two tickets for the concert.You can take of them. A.neither B.every C.either D.all 4.The movie is so boring that of us wants to watch it again. A.some B.both C.none D.all 5.Hury up!The bus is coming A.here B.there C.now D.then 6.-Have you been to the Great Wall?-No, A.ever;ever B.ever,never C.never;ever D.never,never 7.I've looked for my pen but I can't find it A.everywhere;anywhere B.somewhere;everywhere C.anywhere;somewhere D.anywhere;everywhere 8.There are only students in the classroom.The rest are on the playground. A.a few B.few C.a little D.little 9.Would you like to eat?I have some cookies. A.anything B.something C.nothing D.everything 10.My mother has cooked dinner but my father hasn't come back A.already;already B.already;yet C.yet,already D.yet,yet (二)语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号内所给单词的适当形式。 Last Sunday,I was at home with my sister.We had 1. (something /anything)interesting to do Suddenly,she asked,"Is there 2. (some/any)good news today?"I didn't know,so I tumned on the TV. There was a documentary about space.It was so amazing that 3. (everyone/every one)of us watched it carefully.The show told us that astronauts can find 4 (nothing /anything)like water or food in space easily.5. (Neither/None)of those basic things exist naturally there.It's a very difficult environment. After the show,my mother asked us to help set the table for dinner.She had 6. (already /yet) cooked a big meal.We were very hungry,so 7. (something everything)on the table was eaten up very soon.I had 8. (a few /a little)more rice than usual because the food was so delicious. 9. (Somewhere/Nowhere)I read that we shouldn't waste food.That night,I felt happy because 10 (no one/everyone)at the table wasted any food.We all had a wonderful time (三)完成句子 1.这本书里没有什么新内容。There is in this book 2.我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。Ihave to tell you. 3我们两个都没有看过这部新电影。 of us seen the new film. 4.你以前去过北京吗？Have you been to Beijing ? 5.我已经做完作业了，但我弟弟还没做完。Ihave finished my homework,but my brother hasn't 6.教室里几乎没有人。（用few)There are people in the classroom. 7.他到处找他的钥匙，最后在桌子上找到了。He looked for his key and finally found it on the desk 8.所有学生都在这儿吗？不，不全是。Ae the students here?No,not 9.你还好吗？你想吃点或喝点什么吗？Are you OK?Would you like to eat or to drink? 10.这两个答案都不对。请再试一次。 answer is correct.Please try again. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B2.B;3.C;4.C;5.C;6B;7.A;8.A;9B;10.B 选择 (二)语法 1.nothing 2.any 3.every one 4.nothing ;5.None 6.already 7.everything 8.a 填空 little 9.Somewhere 10.no one (三)完成 1.nothing new ;2.something important 3.Neither,has 4.ever,before 5.already, 句子 yet 6.few ;7.everywhere 8.all,all 9.something,something 10.Neither 语法精讲精练二 1.感叹句的定义与功能 感叹句(Exclamatory Sentence)用于表达强烈的情感（如惊讶、赞美、喜悦、愤怒 等)，通常以what或how开头，句末用感叹号“！”。 2.两种基本结构 结构类型 公式 例句 注意点 ①修饰可数名词单 What(什a/an)+形容 What a beautiful 数时加a/an;②修饰 What感叹句 词+名词+（主语 flower (it is)！ 不可数名词或可数名 +谓语)！ 词复数时不加冠词。 How感叹句 How+形容词/副词 How beautiful the ①不能直接跟名 (主语+谓语)！ flower is! 词；②主语和谓语 可省略（口语中常 用)。 补充： What感叹句的完整结构： √What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！ √What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语！ √What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！ How感叹句的完整结构： √How+形容词+主语+谓语！ √How+副词+主语+谓语！ √有时可省略主语和谓语：How nice! 3.易混考点辨析（中考必考） ★what与how的选择 判断方法：①若句子中心词是名词，用what;②若句子中心词是形容词或副词， 用how。③特殊结构：What+a/an+形容词+名词vs How+形容词+a/an+名 词+主语+谓语（后者较正式，中考少见）。 例： beautiful girl she is!(中心词girl为名词→What) beautiful the girl is！(中心词beautiful为形容词→How) ★感叹句的省略 口语中常省略主语和谓语，但写作中建议补全。 例：What a pity！（省略了itis) 例：How fast!(省略了he runs) ★感叹句的语序 感叹句是陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后），不倒装。 例：What a clever boy he is!(不能说What a clever boy is he?) 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择（共10题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. wonderful movie we saw last night! A.What a B.What C.How D.How a 2. fast the boy runs!I can't catch up with him. A.What B.What a C.How D.How a 3. important news it is!We must tell everyone. A.What B.What an C.How D.How an 4. hard-working students they are!They always study in the library. A.What B.What a C.How D.How a 5. exciting experience we had in the summer camp! A.What B.What an C.How D.How an 6. beautiful weather it is today!Let's go for a picnic. A.What a B.What C.How D.How a 7. careful you are!You made no mistakes in the exam. A.What B.What a C.How D.How a 8. interesting story the teacher told us! A.What B.What an C.How D.How an 9. lazy boy Tom is!He never does his homework. A.What a B.What C.How D.How a 10. slowly the old man walks!We should help him. A.What B.What a C.How D.How a (二)语法填空（共10空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的适当形式，使短文通顺、完整。 Last Sunday,my family went to the zoo.When we saw the monkeys,my little sister cried out, 1 (What /How)clever they are!"I looked at the monkeys and said,"Yes, and look at the panda! 2 (What /How)a cute panda it is!" Later we visited the bird house.There was a parrot that could talk.My mother said, 3 (What/How)amazing the parrot is!"The parrot repeated, 4 (What How)amazing!"We all laughed. On the way home,we saw a rainbow.My father said," 5 (What How) beautiful colors!I haven't seen such a rainbow for a long time."I thought it was 6 (true)a wonderful day. My brother took many photos.He said to me, 7 (What/How)a good photographer I am!"But his photos were not very clear.I replied," 8 (What/How)unhappy I feel because you moved too much!"He laughed and promised to practice. Now when I think of that day,I still feel 9 (excite).It was 10 (real)a fantastic trip (三)完成句子（共10题） 1.这真是一个令人激动的消息！ news it is！ 2.他们跑得真快啊！ they run! 3.多么善良的老师啊！她总是帮助我们。 teacher she is!She always helps us. 4.今天的天气多么好啊！ the weather is today! 5.多么有趣的一部电影！我们都看哭了。 novie！We all cried. 6.这些花闻起来真香！ these flowers smell! 7.你多么勇敢啊！敢于独自走夜路。 you are!You dare to walk alone at night. 8.多么糟糕的考试结果！他很难过。 exam result!He is very sad. 9.他唱得多么好听啊！ he sings! 10.多么有用的建议！我会记住的。 advice it is!I will remember it. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.C;3.A;4.A;5.B;6.B;7.C;8.B;9.A;10.C 选择 (二)语法 1.How 2.What 3.How 4.How 5.What 6.tuly 7.What ;8.How; 填空 9.excited 10.really 1.What exciting news 2.How fast 3.What a kind 4.How fine 5.What an