Unit 4 Changing and Growing-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册语法专项（仁爱科普版）

Unit 4 Changing and Growing 语法专项 章 语法概览 ★形容词后缀-less、-fl ★过去进行时 语法精讲精练一 1.后缀-less的含义与用法 含义：表示“无…的、不…的”，通常加在名词后构成形容词。 用法：在句中作定语或表语，修饰名词或说明主语的状态。 例：homeless(无家可归的)、careless(粗心的)、useless(无用的) 2.后缀-ful的含义与用法 含义：表示“充满…的、有…的”，通常加在名词后构成形容词。 用法：在句中作定语或表语。 例：helpful(有帮助的)、beautiful(美丽的)、hopeful(充满希望的) 3.常见词对对比表(-fml与-less) 名词 ful形容词 -less形容词 含义对比 care careful careless 小心的/粗心的 help helpful helpless 有帮助的/无助的 hope hopeful hopeless 有希望的/绝望的 use useful useless 有用的/无用的 color colorful colorless 多彩的/无色的 power powerful powerless 强大的/无力的 thought thoughtful thoughtless 体贴的/欠考虑的 cheer cheerful cheerless 快乐的/沉闷的 home (无常见词) homeless 无家可归的 beauty beautiful (无常见词) 美丽的 4.构词变化规则（初中高频考点) 一般情况：直接在名词后加-fl或-less。 例：help→helpful/helpless;power→powerful/powerless 以不发音的e结尾的名词：去掉e再加-fl/-less。 例：care→careful/careless;hope→hopeful/hopeless;use→useful/useless 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词：变y为i再加-fl。 例：beauty→beautiful(注意：-less形式不常见) 以元音字母+y结尾的名词：直接加-fl。 例：joy→joyful(初中范围仅需识记) 5.易混辨析（中考常考) 区分意思：-fl表“有”，-less表“无”。 例：He is careful(小心的)vs He is careless(粗心的) 词性不变：两者都是形容词，不能误用为副词。 例：She works carefully(副词)→不可用careful或careless 使用场景：根据句意选择肯定或否定含义。 例：This tool is useful.(有用)/This tool is useless.(没用) 二、专项训练（中考/名校月考难度） (一)单项选择 1.Be careful!The knife is very sharp.You should be when using it. A.careful B.careless C.care D.carefully 2.The old man is He has no family or friends A.helpful B.hopeful C.homeless D.careful 3.This book is very It tells us how to learn English well. A.useful B.useless C.use D.used 4.Don't be so You should think before you act. A.thoughtful B.thoughtless C.thought D.thinking 5.The movie was Everyone felt touched. A.hopeful B.cheerless C.powerful D.beautiful 6.She is a girl.She always helps others. A.helpful B.helpless C.help D.helping 7.Without wate:虹，the plants will become A.colorful B.colorless C.color D.colored 8.The little boy was after hearing the good news. A.cheerful B.cheerless C.cheer D.cheering 9.It's to argue with your parents.Try to understand them. A.useful B.useless C.use D.used 10.The doctor said the patient's condition was He might get better soon. A.hopeful B.hopeless C.hope D.hoping (二)语法填空 用所给单词的适当形式填空，每空一词，需使用-less或-fl后缀。 1.I think the information on the Internet is not always (help).Be careful 2.The (home)dog was taken to the animal shelter. 3.She gave a (beauty)performance at the party.Everyone clapped 4.It's (use)to cry over spilt milk.You need to move on. 5.The children were (cheer)when they saw the presents 6.He is a (thought)person.He always considers others'feelings 7.The garden looks (color)in spring with all the flowers 8.After the accident,the car was (use).We had to buy a new one. 9.She felt (hope)when she failed the exam again. 10.The teacher gave us some (power)advice on how to improve our grades. (三)完成句子 根据中文提示，每空一词。 1.请小心过马路。Please be when crossing the road 2.这个玩具没有用，它坏了。The toy is It is broken. 3.她是一个乐于助人的女孩。She is a girl 4.无家可归的动物需要我们帮助。 animals need our help 5.这场演讲很有力量，鼓舞了所有人。The speech was very 6.不要这么粗心大意。Dom't be so 7.她对这个好消息充满希望。She is about the good news. 8.他感到绝望，因为他又失败了。He felt because he failed again 9.这个花瓶没有颜色，看起来很单调。The vase is and looks boring. 10.他是我们班最粗心的学生。He is the most student in our class. 三、 参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.C;3.A;4.B;5.D;6.A;7.B;8.A;9.B;10.A 选择 (二)语法 1.helpful 2.homeless 3.beautiful 4.useless 5.cheerful 6.thoughtful; 填空 7.colorful 8.useless 9.hopeless 10.powerful (三)完成 1.careful 2.useless 3.helpful 4.Homeless 5.powerful 6.careless 7.hopeful 句子 8.hopeless 9.colorless 10.careless 语法精讲精练二 1.过去进行时的定义与结构 定义：表示过去某个时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。 结构：主语+was/were+动词现在分词(doing) ★注意：was用于第一/第三人称单数，were用于其他人称。 【考点】主语与be动词的搭配： I/He/She/Itwas doing We/You/They →were doing 2.过去进行时的基本用法（四大核心考点) (1)表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作（中考高频） 常与表示过去具体时间的状语连用，如at this time yesterday,at8:00 last night,at that moment等。 例：What were you doing at9:O0 yesterday evening?(你昨晚9点在干什么？) 【考点】时间点必须是“过去某一时刻”，不能是一段时间。 (2)表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作（中考中档） 常与时间段状语连用，如from8:00tol0:00 last night,all morning,.the whole afternoon等。 例：We were having a class meeting from7:00to8:00 last night.(昨晚7点到8点我们在开 班会。) 【考点】动作在时间段内一直在进行，不强调是否完成。 (3)与一般过去时搭配：一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行（中考核心高频） 结构：过去进行时（长动作）+when+一般过去时（短动作） 或：while+过去进行时（长动作），一般过去时（短动作） 例：I was watching TV when my mother came back.(妈妈回来时我正在看电视。) while也可以连接两个过去进行时，表示两个动作同时进行。 例：Tom was reading while Lucy was drawing.(汤姆在读书，而露西在画画。) 【考点】when后接瞬间动词（come,ock,aive等)；while后接延续性动词或进行时 态。 (4)表示过去反复发生的动作或某种情绪（中考低频） 常与always,.constantly等词连用，表示过去经常发生且带有感情色彩（如抱怨、夸 奖)。 例：He was always losing his keys.(他过去总是丢钥匙。一一抱怨) 【考点】此用法区别于一般过去时，强调“反复”和“感情”。 3.易混考点辨析（中考必考） (1)过去进行时vs一般过去时 过去进行时：强调动作在过去某时“正在进行”，未完成。 般过去时：强调动作“已经完成”或发生的事实。 例：I was writing a letter at8p.m.last night..(昨晚8点我正写信，未提及完成) I wrote a letter last night.(昨晚我写了一封信，已完成) 【考点】语法填空常通过时间状语区分：at that time→进行时；last night→一般过去 时。 (2)过去进行时vs现在进行时 过去进行时：时间状语为过去(yesterday,.at6 yesterday等) 现在进行时：时间状语为现在(now,at present等) 例：Look!They are playing basketball..(现在) At that time,they were playing basketball.( (3)动词的现在分词变化规则（中考基础) 一般情沉加-ing:watch→watching 以不发音e结尾，去e加-ing:make→naking 重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音加-ing:1un→unning,begin-beginning 以ie结尾，改ie为y加-ing:die→dying,lie-lying 【考点】双写规则中的重读闭音节判断，常考孔egin,swim,shop,get等。 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.-I called you at 8:00 last night,but nobody answered.-Oh,I a shower at that time A.take B.took C.was taking D.have taken 2.While the twins chess,their mother came in. A.play B.are playing C.were playing D.played 3.-What you when I called you? A.did;do B.were;doing C.are;doing D.do;do 4.She an English magazine from 8:00 to 9:00 yesterday A.reads B.read C.was reading D.is reading 5.He his bike when it began to rain A.was riding B.rode C.is riding D.has ridden 6.-Why didn't you answer the phone?-I the house A.cleaned B.was cleaning C.clean D.have cleaned 7.At 10:00 a.m.this morning,my father a meeting in his office. A.has B.had C.is having D.was having 8.His grandma him stories when he was young. A.was always telling B.always tells C.told always D.always told 9.The students a biology experiment in the lab at that moment. A.did B.were doing C.do D.are doing 10.I met a friend of mine while I for the bus. A.wait B.am waiting C.was waiting D.waited (二)语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入所给单词的适当形式，使短文通顺、完整。 Last Sunday,I 1. (have)a wonderful day.At 8:00 a.m.,I 2 (clean)my room while my mother 3. (cook)breakfast in the kitchen.Then I went out to play with my friends.When we 4. (play)basketball in the park,it suddenly started to rain.We had to stop. At6:00p.m,I5. (do)my homework in my room.Suddenly,my phone rang.It was my best friend Tom.He 6. (call)me to ask for help with his math.I 7. (help)him solve the problems from 7:00 to 8:00 p.m.After that,I 8. (watch)a funny movie on TV.At 10:00 p.m.,my dad came back.He 9. (work)very hard that day.I said good night to him and 10. (fall)asleep soon. (三)完成句子 1.昨天下午3点，学生们正在教室里上英语课。 At 3:00 yesterday afternoon,the students an English class in the classroom. 2.她打电话时，我正在洗澡。 I a shower when she called. 3.他们昨晚从7点到9点一直在看足球比赛。 They the football match from 7:00 to 9:00 last night. 4.当我到家时，妈妈正在厨房做饭。 When I got home,my mother in the kitchen. 5.你昨天这个时候在做什么？ What at this time yesterday? 6.他过去总是丢手机，真让人烦恼。 He his phone.It was really annoying 7我弟弟在睡觉的时候，我正在写作业。 While my brother ,I my homework. 8.那个男孩跳进河里时，两个女孩正在河边唱歌。 The two girls near the river when the boy jumped into it. 9昨天一整天都在下雨，所以我们待在家里。 It all day yesterday,so we stayed at home 10.我没有听到你去年的音乐会，因为我那时正在国外旅行。 I didn't go to your concert last year because I abroad at that time. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.C;2.C;3.B;4.C;5.A;6.B;7.D;8.A;9B;10.C (二)语法 1.had ;2.was cleaning 3.was cooking 4.were playing 5.was doing 6.was 填空 calling 7.helped ,8.watched 9.worked/was working 10.fell (三)完成 1.were having 2.was taking 3.were watching 4.was cooking 5.were you 句子 doing 6.was always losing 7.was sleeping;was doing ;8.were singing 9.was raining 10.was traveling