Unit 4 Fun in the Sun-2026-2027学年七年级英语上册语法专项（仁爱科普版）

Unit 4 Fun in the Sun 语法专项 章 语法概览 ★人称代词（宾格） ★现在进行时 语法精讲精练一 1.人称代词宾格的定义与功能 定义：人称代词宾格(Objective Case))是代词在句中充当宾语时的形式，表示动作的承受 者或介词的对象。 核心功能：宾格只能作动词的宾语、介词的宾语，在口语中也可作表语（如tse.)。不 能作主语，这是中考最基础的易错点。 人称代词主格与宾格对照表： 主格（作主 宾格（作宾 形容词性物主 名词性物主代 人称 数 语) 语) 代词 词 第一人称 单数 me my mine 第二人称 单数/复数 you you your yours 第三人称 单数 he/she/it him/her/it his/her/its his/hers/its 第一人称 复数 we us 0u1 ours 第三人称 复数 they them their theirs 中考重要提示： ①宾格形式必须记牢，特别是him/her/it/us/them的拼写。 ②注意you和t的主格与宾格形式相同，但用法不同（主格作主语，宾格作宾语）。 ③区分宾格与形容词性物主代词（如hr既是宾格又是形容词性物主代词，需根据句子成 分判断)。 2.人称代词宾格的基本用法（四大核心考点） (1)作动词的宾语（中考高频） 结构：及物动词+宾格 宾格跟在及物动词之后，表示动作的对象。 例句 动词 宾格 说明 Please help 动作“帮助”的对象是 help me me. “我” I like her 动作“喜欢”的对象是 like her very much. “她” We saw them 动作“看见”的对象是 saw them in the park. “他们” Can you find 动作“找到”的对象是 find us us? “我们” 易错辨析：I like she.X→I like her.√（宾格不能用主格) (2)作介词的宾语（中考高频） 结构：介词+宾格 介词后的人称代词必须用宾格形式。 例句 介词 宾格 说明 This gift is for you 介词for后跟宾格 for you. Come with with me 介词with后跟宾格 me. Please give it xO him 介词to后跟宾格 to him. She sits between us 介词between后跟宾格 between us. 常见介词搭配：for/to/with/of/fiom/about,/between/without+宾格 (3)作双宾语中的间接宾语（中考中档） 结构：动词+间接宾语（人，用宾格)+直接宾语（物） 常见动词：give,how,tell,buy,make,pass,send,bing,teach,etc 例句 动词 间接宾语（宾格） 直接宾语 My mother bought me a bought me a new book new book. Please pass pass him the salt him the salt. She told us a told us a funny story funny story. Can you show them show them your photo your photo? 易错考点：当间接宾语后置时，需加介词to或fo。 例：He gave me a pen.=He gave a pen to me, My mom made us a cake.My mom made a cake for us. (4)口语中作表语（特殊用法，中考低频） 结构：ts/Its+宾格 在非正式口语中，作表语的人称代词常用宾格代替主格，尤其是在答句中。 例句 说明 Who is it?- 正确答案是It'sme(口语)，书面语用It isI(少用) It's me. Open the door,please 表“是我们” It's us. I saw a boy 强调“是他” It was him. 注意：考试中如果出现选择，通常用宾格更符合口语习惯。但语法填空题需根据上下文判 断是否使用主格。 3.易混考点辨析（中考必考） (1)主格s宾格（成分判断法） 主格：在句中作主语（动作的发出者）或表语（书面正式）。 宾格：在句中作宾语（动作的承受者)或介词宾语。 句子 成分判断 正确答案 (I/me)am a 主语，动作发出者 student Please help 动词help的宾语 him (he/him). The letter is for 介词for的宾语 her (she/her). (We/Us)all like 第一个空主语，第二个空宾语 We/them (they/them) (2)宾格Vs形容词性物主代词 宾格：表示“我/你/他/她/它/我们/你们/他们”作为对象。 形容词性物主代词：表示“我的/你的/他的/她的/它的/我们的/你们的/他们的”，后面必 须跟名词。 易混句 正确形式 解析 This is 后面有名词b0ok,用形容词性物主代 my 词 (I/me/my)book. Please give me give+间接宾语(me)+直接宾语 (I/me/my)the book. She loves him loves后接宾格作宾语 (he/him/his) very much 后面有名词name,用形容词性物主代 (He/Him/His) His 词 name is Tom 二、专项训练（中考/名校月考难度，每题8-10小题，共3大题） (一)单项选择（每小题8个下划线填空，选项四列对齐） 1.My mother often takes to the park on weekends. A.I B.me C.my D.mine 2.Please give a cup of tea.I'm very thirsty. A.I B.my C.me D.mine 3.Look at the children over there.Can you see 2 A.they B.them C.their D.theirs 4.-Who is that girl?-Oh is my sister. A.she B.her C.hers D.herself 5.The teacher asked to finish the homework on time. A.we B.us C.our D.ours 6.I bought a gift for yesterday. A.he B.him C.his D.himself 7.-Mum,I can't find my shoes.-Don't worry.Let help A.I;you B.me;you C.my;your D.mine;yours 8.Tom and are good friends.We often play basketball together. A.I B.me C.my D.mine 9.Please show your new bike A.I B.me C.my D.mine 10.This letter is from She writes to every month. A.she;I B.her,me C.hers;my D.herself mine (二)语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给代词的适当形式，使短文通顺、完整。 This is my fiiend Mike.I often play with 1 (he)after school.Yesterday his mother bought 2. (he)a new football.He was very happy and showed 3. (it)to 4. (①. This morning,Mike met 5. D)on the way to school.He said,"Let 6. (we)go to the playground together."I agreed.During the game,Mike passed the ball to 7. (I and I kicked it to the goal.Everyone cheered for 8. (we). After school,my mother picked 9. (D up.She asked,"Did you have a good time?"I said,"Yes, and I will tell 10. (she)all about it tonight." (三)完成句子 l.请把那本书递给我。Please pass 2.她教我们英语。She teaches 3.这张照片是为你拍的。This photo is taken 4.我妈妈给我买了一件新毛衣。My mother bought a new sweater 5.你能帮他们找到书包吗？Can you help the schoolbags? 6.李老师经常给我们讲有趣的故事。M红.Li often tells interesting stories 7.看！那是我的狗。请把食物给它。Look!That's my dog.Please give the food 8.我爸爸和我是好朋友，他常常和我一起踢足球。My father and are good fiiends.He often plays football with 9.把你的作业给老师看。Show your homework. l0.这封信是写给你的，请读一下。This letter is Please read 三、参考答案 （一)单项 1.B;2.C;3.B;4.A;5.B;6.B;7.B;8.A;9.B;10.B 选择 (二)语法 1.him 2.him 3.it 4.me 5.me 6.us 7.me 8.us 9.me 10.her 填空 (三)完成 1.the book to me 2.us English 3.for you 4.me 5.them to find 6.us 7.to it 8.I; 句子 me 9.the teacher 10.for you;it 语法精讲精练二 1.现在进行时的定义与构成 定义：现在进行时(Present Continuous Tense)表示现在正在进行的动作或现阶段持续的 状态。 构成：主语+be动词(am/is/are)+动词的现在分词(-ing形式)。 人称 be动词 现在分词 例句 第一人称单数虹 am doing I am reading a book. 第三人称单数he/she/it is doing She is singing 第二人称/复数 They are playing are doing you/we/they football. 1.动词-ing形式的构成规则（中考高频考点) 情况 规则 例词 一般动词 直接加-ing do→doing,Iead→reading 以不发音的e结尾 去e加-ing make→naking,wite→writing 重读闭音节末尾一个辅音字 双写该字母加-ig sit→sitting,1n→1 unning, 母 swim→swimming 以ie结尾 变ie为y再加-ing lie→lying,die→dyig, tie→tying 以ic结尾 加-ck再加-ing(少数词) picnic-→picnicking(中考少 见) 注意：初中易错词：begin--beginning（重读闭音节)，get→getting,put→putting。 1.现在进行时的基本用法（三大核心考点) (1)表示说话时正在进行的动作（最基础用法） 例：Listen!The birds are singing in the tree.(听！鸟儿正在树上唱歌。) Look!He is running very fast.(看！他跑得很快。) 【考点】常与now,at the moment,.Look!,.Listen!等时间状语或语气词连用。 (2)表示现阶段正在持续但此刻不一定在做的动作（阶段进行） 例：I am reading a book this month.(这个月我在读一本书。) She is learning to drive these days.(这些天她在学开车。) 【考点】与this week,these days,at present等时间状语连用。 (3)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作（将来时含义，初中常考） 【考点】常用于go,come,leave,.stat,aive,spend,.meet,return等表示“位移/起始”的 动词。 例：The train is leaving at8:00.（火车将在8，点出发。) We are going to Beijing next Monday.(我们下周一要去北京。) 【易混】现在进行时表将来vs一般现在时表将来：现在进行时侧重个人安排，一般现在 时侧重时刻表。 1.现在进行时的否定句和疑问句（中考基础） 句式 结构 例句 否定句 主语+be+not+动词-ing He is not sleeping now. 一般疑问句 Be+主语+动词-ing? Are you watching TV 疑问词+be+主语+动词 特殊疑问句 What are you doing ing 【考点】be动词的选用必须与主语保持一致，且否定句中not放在be后，口语可缩写 (isnt,aren't,但amnot没有缩写形式)。 1.现在进行时与一般现在时的区别（中考必混考点） 时态 含义 标志词 例句 此刻或现阶段正在进 now,look,listen,at the 现在进行时 She is cooking dinner 行的动作 moment,these days now 经常性、习惯性动 一般现在时 always,often,usually, She cooks dinner every 作，或客观事实 sometimes,every day day 【考点】有些动词（如anow,love,hate,want,understand,belong等）表示状态，通常不 用于现在进行时。 例：I know the answer../（不能说I am knowing the answer.) 不过初中少见，但语法填空偶尔出现。 1.现在进行时的特殊句式：There be+主语+doing(表“有…正在做”) 例：There are some boys playing basketball on the playground.(有一些男孩正在操场上打 篮球。) 【考点】doing作后置定语，表示动作正在进行，中考语法填空常考。 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择（共10题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.-Where is Tom? A.studies B.is studying C.studied D.will study 2.Look!The children happily in the park. A.are playing B.play C.played D.will play 3.My mother often TV in the evening,but now she a book. A.watches;reads B.is watching;is reading C.watches;is reading D.is watching;reads 4. you your homework? A.Do;do B.Are;doing C.Is;doing D.Are;do 5.Listen!Someone for help in the next room. A.cries B.is crying C.cried D.will cry 6.1 a letter to my friend these days A.write B.am writing C.wrote D.will write 7.The train at 7:00 tomorrow morning A.leaves B.is leaving C.left D.has left 8.-What are you doing now? A.clean B.am cleaning C.cleaned D.will clean 9.The woman a blue dress now. A.is wearing B.wears C.wore D.will wear 10.-How often do you exercise? A.exercise;stay at home B.am exercising;stay at home C.exercise;am staying at home D.exercised;stayed at home (二)语法填空（共10空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的适当形式。 Today is Sunday.It's 9:00 a.m.Tom's family 1. (be)all at home.His father 2. (read)a newspaper in the living room.His mother 3. (cook)lunch in the kitchen.She 4. (make)some dumplings.Tom's sister,Amy,5. (do)her homework in her room.She 6. (be)a hard-working girl.Look!Tom 7. (not study).He 8. (play)computer games with his friend online.They 9. (have)fun together. Suddenly,his father says,"Tom,your mother 10. (call)you.Come and help her set the table!" (三)完成句子（共10题） 1.看！孩子们正在操场上踢足球。 Look!The children football on the playground. 2.我妈妈此刻正在厨房做饭。 My mother dinner in the kitchen at the moment. 3别说话！老师正在走进教室。 Don't talk!The teacher the classroom. 4.这些天我哥哥正在学习开车。 My brother drive these days. 5.他们下周要动身去上海。 They for Shanghai next week 6.他不在睡觉，他在听音乐。 He He to music. 7.一你们在做什么？ 一我们在为考试做准备。 -What you -We for the exam. 8.那个正在唱歌的女孩是我的朋友。 The girl who is my friend 9.树上有一些鸟在唱歌。 There some birds in the tree. 10.汤姆总是上学迟到，但现在他正努力改变。 Tom is always late for school,but now he change. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.A;3.C;4.B;5.B;6.B;7.B;8.B;9.A;10.C 选择 (二)语法 1.are 2.is reading 3.is cooking 4.is making ;5.is doing 6.is 7.is not 填空 studying 8.is playing ;9.are having 10.is calling (三)完成 1.are playing 2.is cooking 3.is coming into 4.is leamning to ;5.are leaving 6.is not sleeping,is listening ;7.are;doing,are preparing ;8.is singing 9.are; 句子 singing 10.is trying to