Unit 6 Earth and Beyond-2026-2027学年七年级英语上册语法专项（仁爱科普版）

Unit 6 Earth and Beyond 语法专项 章 语法概览 ★序数词 ☆一般现在时&现在进行时对比运用 语法精讲精练一 1.定义与功能 定义：序数词(Ordinal Numbers)表示事物的顺序或位置（第几）。 功能：在句中主要作定语（修饰名词），也可作表语、宾语、状语。 核心考点：序数词前通常加定冠词he,但表示“又一/再一”时用不定冠词(a/a)。 2.序数词的构成规则（记忆重点） 类型 规则 例词 four→fourth,six→sixth,seven→ 一般情况 基数词+h seventh 特殊变形 完全变成新词 one→first,,two→second,three→third (1-3) 以-y结尾 变y为ie+th twenty→twentieth,thirty→thirtieth (整十) 以ve结尾 改ve为f+h five→fifth,twelve→twelfth 以结尾 直接加h或去e+h eight→eighth,nine→ninth (eight/nine 两位数（非 twenty-.one一→twenty-first,.thirty-two→ 整十) 只变个位为序数词，十位保持基数词 thirty-second 3.序数词的基本用法（四大核心考点） (1)作定语（表示顺序、编号） 通常加the:the first day,the second floor,the third lesson 表示“编号”时，可用基数词代替序数词（名词+基数词）：Lesson Three=the third lesson 考点：“名词+基数词”与he+序数词+名词”可互换，但前者更口语化。 (2)表示日期、楼层、排名 日期：March the first/March 1（读作March first)) 楼层：the first floor(一楼)，注意英美差异（英式ground floor=美式first floor) 排名：win the first prize,.come in second (3)序数词前的冠词用法 定冠词he:表示“第…”（特指) 例：He is the first to come..(他是第一个到的。) 不定冠词a/am:表示“又一、再一” 例：I have a second try.(我再试一次。) 常考：a second(又一次)、athird(又一个) 零冠词：序数词作副词时（如fist,second表示“首先、其次”） 例：First.I'll check the list.Second,I'll call you. (4)序数词的特殊简化形式（缩写） 常考缩写：1st,2nd,3rd,4th,5th,11th,12th,21st,22nd,23rd,32nd等 ★规则：个位是1→st,个位是2→nd,个位是3→rd,其余一律→h（11、12、13除外) 4.易混考点辨析（中考必考） 对比项 基数词 序数词 功能 表示数量/编号 表示顺序/排名 常用结构 名词+基数词(Room101) the+序数词+名词(the first room) 冠词 般无冠词 常带he,特殊时带a He came second.√（作表语时不用 常见错误 He came two.X the) 特别提醒：序数词作表语（主语+be+序数词）时，不加he。 例：She is first in the race.（她跑第一。)√不写She is the first in the race.(但可理解为省略 the,考试严格区分时注意语境) 二、专项训练（中考/名校月考难度，每题10小题） (一)单项选择 1.My birthday is on of May. A.one B.the first C.first D.a first 2.Tom got prize in the English competition A.second B.a second C.the second D.two 3.Today we will leam lesson. A.the ninth B.nineth C.nine D.the nineth 4.He tried to do it for time,but he still failed. A.the third B.third C.a third D.three 5.-Which floor do you live on? A.twelve B.the twelfth C.twelveth D.a twelfth 6.Please turn to Page A.Third B.the third C.three D.thirdly 7.China is largest country in Asia. A.third B.a third C.the third D.three 8.He was the first to come and to leave A.the last B.last C.a last D.last one 9.There are months in a year.December is month A.twelve,the twelfth B.twelfth;twelve C.twelve;twelfth D.the twelve;twelfth 10.She got a gold medal.It was her medal A.the second;two B.second;two C.second;second D.two;second (二)语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入所给单词的适当形式（基数词或序数词）。 Dear diary, Today is my 1 (ten)birthday.I am so happy!My parents gave me a party.I got many gifts.The 2. (one)gift was a book from my grandma.It's the 3.(three)book she has given me. The 4. (two)gift was a beautiful dress from my aunt. We had a cake with 5 (five)candles.I made a wish.Then I opened the 6. (six)gift 一it was a bike！I was the7. (seven)person to get a bike in my class.My friend Lily came.She is the 8. (eight)friend to say "Happy birthday".We played games.I was the 9. (nine) in the game,but it was fun.Finally,we sang the song "Happy Birthday"for the 10 (ten)time. What a great day！ (三)完成句子 1.他住在第五层楼。He lives on floor. 2.这是我第一次来北京。This is my to Beijing 3.请翻到第二十页。Please turn to Page /the page. 4.他在比赛中得了第二名。He in the competition. 5.我再试一次吧。Let me have try. 6.一年中的第一个月是一月。The month of the year is January. 7.这是我拥有的第三只猫。This is the cat I have ever had. 8.她的生日是三月八日。Her birthday is on March /the of March. 9首先，我们需要买一些食物。其次，我们要准备礼物。 we need to buy some food. we should prepare gifts 10.他是我认识的第五个叫Tom的人。He is the person named Tom that I know. 三、参考答案 （一)单项 1.B;2.C;3.A;4.C;5.B;6.C;7.C;8.B;9.A;10.C 选择 (二)语法 1.tenth 2.first 3.third 4.second 5.five 6.sixth 7.seventh ;8.eighth 9.ninth 填空 10.tenth 1.the fifth ;2.first visit first time 3.Twenty twentieth ;4.came second/got the (三)完成 second place 5.a second 6.first 7.third 8.the eighth eighth 9.First;Second 句子 10.fifth 章 语法精讲精练二 1.时态定义与核心区别 时态 定义与功能 核心时间状语 动词形式 一般现在时 表示经常发生的动 every day,often, 主语≠第三人称单 作、客观事实、习惯 usually,always, 数：动词原形：主语 或当前状态。 sometimes,never,on =第三人称单数：动 weekends,once a 词+s/es week等 表示说话时正在进行 now,at the moment, 的动作，或现阶段持 现在进行时 look,listen,these days, aum/is/are+动词-img 续进行但未必此刻正 this week等 在做的动作。 ★易混考点： 般现在时强调“经常/事实”，现在进行时强调“此刻/现阶段”。 有些动词（如love,anow,want,belong to等）表示状态而非动作，通常不用现在进 行时。 √I know the answer.(正确)X I am knowing the answer..(错误) 2.一般现在时的核心用法（中考高频） 用法 示例 注意事项 ①表示习惯性或反复发生的 He plays basketball every 常与频率副词连用(always, 动作 Sunday. usually等) ②表示客观事实或真理 The sun rises in the east 不受时间影响，永远正确 ③表示主语当前的状态或特 She is a student./They like 动词多为状态动词(be,have, 征 swimming. 1like,love等) ④在时间/条件状语从句中 If it rains tomorrow,we will 主句用将来时，从句用一般 表将来（主将从现） stay at home 现在时 动词第三人称单数变化规则（口诀：一般情况下加s,s/x/sh/ch/o结尾加es,辅音+y变y为i 加es) 3.现在进行时的核心用法（中考高频） 用法 示例 注意事项 ①表示说话时正在进行的动 Look!The boys are playing 常与look,listen等提示词连 作 football 用 ②表示现阶段正在进行的动 He is studying for the exam 常与these days,.this week等 作（未必此刻） these days. 连用 ③表示按计划或安排即将发 We are leaving for Beijing 常用于go,come,leave,stat 生的动作（位移动词） tomorrow. aive等动词 ④表示逐渐变化的过程（用 常见动词gt,become,.tm, 进行时强调渐进) The weather is getting warmer. gIow等 动词-ing形式变化规则（口诀：大部分直接加ing,不发音e结尾去e加ing,重读闭音节双 写尾字母加ing） 4.一般现在时vs现在进行时对比辨析（中考必考) 对比点 一般现在时 现在进行时 every day,often,always,never, now,at present,at the moment, 时间状语 sometimes,on Mondays look,listen,these days 正在进行、现阶段持续、计 动作特征 经常性、习惯性、客观事实 划中将来 动词形式 原形或第三人称单数 am/is/are+doing He reads English every He is reading English now. 例句对比 momning.（习惯) 刻正在) 状态动词不能用于进行时 易错提示 注意be动词与主语保持一致 (know,have,love,want) ★标志词秒杀口诀： 一般现在时看频率(often,always,every day）,;现在进行时看“正在”(now,look, listen)。 5.特殊考点（中考高频） 表示感觉、心理、所有等状态动词（一般不用进行时）： see,hear,smell,taste,feel,like,love,hate,want,need,know,understand,remember, forget,have(拥有)，belong to等。 I want a cup of tea.X I am wanting a cup of tea. 现在进行时表示将来（常见于初中）： My mother is coming to see me next week.(计划好的安排) Look/Listen”作为提示词： Look!The cat is sleeping.(看到什么，就是正在发生) Itis+时间点”表示此刻状态： It is 7 o'clock now.I am having breakfast. 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择（共8题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.My brother often to school by bike,but this morning he on foot. A.goes;goes B.goes,is going C.is going;goes D.is going;is going 2.Look!The girls happily in the park. A.dance B.dances C.are dancing D.is dancing 3.He usually TV after dinner,but now he a book. A.watches;reads B.is watching;reads C.watches;is reading D.is watching;is reading 4. your mother often you to school?-No,she doesn't.I go by myself. A.Does;drive B.Is;driving C.Do;drive D.Are;driving 5.-Where is Jim?-He in his room.He usually there A.studies;studies B.studies;is studying C.is studying;studies D.is studying;is studying 6.Don't make noise.The baby A.sleeps B.slept C.is sleeping D.will sleep 7.Tom a new bike.He it very much. A.has;likes B.is having;likes C.has;is liking D.is having;is liking 8.The earth around the sun.It's a fact. A.goes B.is going C.go D.went (二)语法填空（共10空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的适当形式（一般现在时或现在进行时）， 使短文通顺完整。 It is Sunday morning.Tom's family 1. (be)at home.Look!Tom and his sister 2. (play)chess in the living room.Their mother 3. (cook)in the kitchen. She 4. (make)a big cake because today is Tom's birthday.Their father 5. (read)a newspaper on the sofa.He usually 6. (read)newspapers after breakfast Tom's grandparents 7. (live)in the countryside.They 8. (not come)to the city very often.But today they 9.(come)to celebrate Tom's birthday.Listen! Someone 10. (knock)at the door.It must be them! (三)完成句子（共10题) 根据中文提示完成句子，每空一词。 1.李明每天骑自行车上学。 Li Ming to school by bike every day. 2看！一些男孩正在操场上踢足球。 Look!Some boys football on the playground 3.他通常不吃早餐，但今天早上他正在吃。 He usually breakfast,but this morning he breakfast. 4妈妈现在正在厨房里做晚饭。 Mom dinner in the kitchen now. 5.每年春天，许多游客来我们城市。 Many tourists to our city every spring. 6这朵花闻起来很香。别闻了！ This flower nice.Don't smell it! 7现在几点了？一一七点。我正在吃早饭。 -What time is it?-It's seven.I breakfast. 8.我姐姐喜欢音乐，她现在正在听音乐。 My sister music,and she to music now. 9.如果明天下雨，我们就不去公园了。 Ifit tomorrow,we won't go to the park. 10.安静！老师正在走进教室。 Be quiet!The teacher into the classroom. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.B;2.C;3.C;4.A;5.C;6.C;7.A;8.A (二)语法 1.are 2.are playing 3.is cooking 4.is making 5.is reading 6.reads 7.live 填空 8.don't come 9.are coming 10.is knocking (三)完成 1.goes 2.are playing 3.doesn't eat,is eating 4.is cooking 5.come 6.smells 句子 7.am having 8.likes,is listening 9.rains 10.is walking