Unit 5 Love Mother Nature-2026-2027学年七年级英语上册语法专项（仁爱科普版）

Unit 5 Love Mother Nature 语法专项 章 语法概览 ★冠词 ★can/can't情态动词 语法精讲精练一 1.冠词的定义与分类 定义：冠词(Article))是一种虚词，放在名词前，帮助说明名词的含义。本身不能单独使 用，也不能作句子成分。 分类： 类别 单词 基本含义 不定冠词 a/an 泛指“一个”“某一” 定冠词 the 特指“这个”“那个” 零冠词 不用冠词 表示泛指或习惯用法 2.不定冠词a/am的用法（核心考点） 用法场景 规则说明 示例 ①表示“一个/一位” 用于可数名词单数前，泛指类 I have a book./She is an 别或数量 English teacher ②表示“某一类” 强调类别，不强调数量 A tiger is a dangerous animal three times a day/60 km an ③表示“每一” 用于时间、速度等表述中 hour have a cold:take a walk:make a ④固定搭配 常见词组 living ★a与an的区分（中考高频易错） 条件 使用 例子 a university a house/a one- 辅音音素开头的单词前 hour trip 元音音素开头的单词前 an hour an orange /an honest an boy 核心记忆：判断看音标，不是看字母！ 常见陷阱：a useful book(u:/辅音)≠an unusual story(/W元音) 一个useful字母u发/ju:/(辅音)，所以用a;musual发//（元音），所以用a。 3.定冠词he的用法（核心考点） 用法场景 规则说明 示例 ①特指 上文提到过的人或物 I saw a cat.The cat is white ②双方都知道 谈话双方共同指代的对象 Please close the door. ③独一无二 世界上独一无二的事物 the sun,the moon,the earth the first lesson the most ④序数词/最高级前 必用he beautiful girl ⑤乐器前 西洋乐器前要加the play the piano play the violin the Great Wall the USA/the ⑥由普通名词构成的专有名词 某些国名、机构、地点前 Red Cross the Yellow River the Pacific ⑦江河、海洋、山脉、群岛 地理名词前 Ocean the ⑧形容词前表示一类人 the+形容词=复数名词 rich,the poor,the young 4.零冠词（不用冠词）的常见情况（中考必考） 场景 示例 ①专有名词（人名、地名、国名） China,Tom,Beijing ②不可数名词（物质名词、抽象名词）泛指 Water is important./Love is great. have breakfast/play basketball study English/ ③三餐、球类、学科、语言、棋类 play chess on Monday in May in summer/on New Year's ④星期、月份、季节、节日 Day ⑤称呼语、头衔（单独使用） Mr.Smith Doctor Li Mother is home. ⑥固定搭配 at home/by bus/go to school/in bed on foot 5.冠词易混辨析（中考压轴） 易混点 说明 正误对比 a/an与one的 a/an表类别（非强调数量）；one表数 I need a pen.(泛指)/Ineed one 区别 量上的“一个” pen.(强调一支，不是两支) 三餐前是否加 有形容词修饰时加a/an;特指某顿餐 have a quick breakfast/the breakfast of the? 加he;泛指不加 today /have breakfast 球类与乐器的 球类前不加he,乐器前加the 对比 play football/play the guitar 疾病前是否加 大多数疾病名不加冠词(have a have a cold(固定)/get cancer(不 冠词？ cold/flu是固定搭配) 加) 序数词前是否 the third time（第三次) /a third time 表“另一”时用a/an 一定加he? (又一次) 二、 专项训练（中考/名校月考难度） (一)单项选择(8~10小题) 1.There is ch”in the word "hour?”. A.a B.an C.the D.1 2.My mother is teacher.She works in university. A.a;a B.an;a C.a;an D.an;an 3.-Do you know woman in red? A.a;an B.the;an C.the;a D.a;the 4.Playing piano is interesting hobby. A./,an B.the;an C.the;a D./a 5. Great Wall is one of wonders in the world A.The;the B./,the C.The;/ D.A;the 6.I usually have breakfast at 7:00,but today I had big breakfast. A./;a B.a;a C.51 D.a,/ 7. moon is much nearer to us than sun A.A;a B.The;the C.The;a D.6/ 8.-What useful book！ A.a,/ B.an;the C.a;the D.an;/ 9.My father bought me new bike bike is black. A.a;A B.the;The C.a;The D.the;A 10.He is honest boy.We all like him. A.a B.an C.the D.1 (二)语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的冠词，使短文通顺、完整。 Last Sunday,I went to 1. park with my family.2. park was very big.There was 3. old man playing 4. erhu under 5. tree I saw 6. interesting thing.7. little cat climbed up 8. tree.9. man helped it.What 10. kind man! (三)完成句子 1.她是一位诚实的女孩，我们从不说谎。Sheis honest girl.We never tell lies 2.我最喜欢的科目是英语。 favorite subject is English. 3.看！太阳正从东方升起。Look! sun is rising in east. 4.他每天弹钢琴两小时。He plays piano for two hours day. 5.我叔叔在银行工作。他是一位银行家。My uncle works in bank.He is banker. 6.你晚饭想吃什么？What would you like for dinner? 7.这是他第一次来北京。This is first time he comes to Beijing. 8.我们学校前面有一条河。河水很清。There is river in front of our school. water is very clean. 9.她一小时能跑10公里。She can run10 kilomete1s hour. l0.汤姆擅长打篮球，但他不会弹吉他。Tom is good at playing basketball,but he can't play guitar 三、 参考答案速查 (一)单项 1B;2.A;3.B;4.B;5.A;6.A;7.B;8.A;9.C;10.B 选择 (二)语法 填空 1.a;2.The;3.an;4.the;5.a;6.an;7.A;8.a;9.The;10.a (三)完成 句子 1.an;2.My;/3.The;the;4.the;a;5.a;a;6./;7.the;8.a;The;9.an;10./;the 章 语法精讲精练二 1.can的定义与功能 can是情态动词，表示能力、请求与许可、可能性。 cant(cannot)是can的否定形式，表示没有能力、不允许或不可能。 情态动词不能单独作谓语，必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。 情态动词无人称和数的变化（不受主语是he/she/it影响）。 用法 含义 例句 能力 表示“会/能” I can swim.我会游泳。 请求与许可 表示“可以/能…吗？” Can I use your pen?我可以用 你的笔吗？ The news can be true.这个消 可能性 表示“可能” 息可能是真的。 否定 “不会/不能/不允许” He can't speak English.他不会 说英语。 2.can的基本句型结构（三大核心考点） (1)肯定句 主语+can+动词原形+其他. 例：he can play the piano. (2)否定句 主语+can+not(cant)+动词原形+其他. 例：They can't find the way. (3)一般疑问句 Can+主语+动词原形+其他？ 肯定回答：Yes,主语+can. 否定回答：No,主语+cant, 例：一Can you dance?-Yes,Ican./No,Ican't, 【考点提醒】 can在句中不能与do/does/did连用（直接跟动词原形）。 一般疑问句直接把can提到主语前面，不需要助动词。 3.易混考点辨析 (I)can与may表“请求”的区别（中考常考单选） CanI..?口语中更常见，语气较随意。 MayI.?更正式、更礼貌。 例：Can I come in?(口语)/May I come in?(礼貌) (2)can与be able to表“能力”的区别（初一易错） can只有现在时和过去时(could);be able to有各种时态。 一 般现在时：can更常用； 将来时/完成时：只能用be able to。 例：He is able to finish it tomorrow. (（正确》 错误：le can finish it tomorrow.(can一般不用于将来时) (3)cant表“不可能”与must表“一定”（中考高频辨析） cant表示否定推测，意为“不可能”。 must表示肯定推测，意为“一定”。 The boy can't be in the room because he is outside 例：The boy must be tired after running so long 4.常见固定搭配与特殊句式 Can you help me?你能帮我吗？（请求帮助） Ican't wait to do sth.我迫不及待做某事。 Can't you...? 难道你不能…吗？（表示惊讶或建议) 例：Can't you see the sign?你难道看不见标识吗？ 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择（共10题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. you play the guitar? A.Are B.Do C.Can D.Does 2.My little brother ride a bike,but he can ride a horse. A.can B.can't C.is D.doesn't 3.-Can I borrow your dictionary?-Of course,you Here you are. A.can B.can't C.may D.must 4.The girl is only two years old.She read or write. A.can B.can't C.must D.needn't 5.-Mum,I can't find my schoolbag A.can B.can't C.must D.need 6.He speak English very well,and he often helps me with English. A.can B.can't C.does D.is 7.- you come to my birthday party tomorrow? A.Can;can't B.Can;can C.Do;don't D.Will;won't 8.-Look!That man in black be our teacher,Mr.Li.-It be him.He has gone to Shanghai. A.can;can't B.must;can't C.must;mustn't D.can;mustn't 9.-Can I swim here?-No,you Look at the sign 'No Swimming'. A.can B.can't C.may D.needn't 10.Birds fly in the sky,but fish A.can;can B.can;can't C.can't;can D.can't;can't (二)语法填空（共10空) 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，每空一词。每空可能涉及can/can't 或其他语法点。 Hello,I'm Tom.I 1. (have)a good friend,Mike.He 2. (be)a smart boy. He 3. (can)speak three languages:English,Chinese and French.But I 4. (can not)speak Japanese. Last week,we 5. (go)to the park.Mike 6. (can)play basketball very well.I 7. (can not)play it,but I can play football.Mike often says,You 8. (can)learn it if you try hard."I think he is right. Now I practice basketball every day.19.(can)play a little now.I am happy.I believe I 10. (can)do anything if I never give up. (三)完成句子（共10题》 根据中文提示完成句子，每空一词。 1.你会唱歌吗？ you 2.她不会跳舞，但会弹钢琴。 She dance,but she the piano. 3.我能用一下你的橡皮吗？ I your eraser? 4.这些孩子太小了，不能去上学。 These children are young go to school. 5.我爸爸不会游泳，但他能教我骑自行车。 My father swim,but he teach me a bike. 6.那些鸟能飞得很高。 Those birds very high 7.我不能来你的派对，因为我要照顾生病的妈妈。 I come to your party because I have to my sick mother. 8他一定在房间里，因为灯亮着。 He be in the room because the light is on. 9.那个男人不可能是她的爸爸，他太年轻了。 That man be her father.He is too young 10.你能帮我拿一下这个箱子吗？ you help me this box? 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.C;2.B;3.A;4.B;5.C;6.A;7.A;8.B;9.B;10.B 选择 (二)语法 1.have 2.is 3.can 4.can't 5.went 6.can 7.can't 8.can 9.can 10.can 填空 (三)完成 1.Can;sing 2.can't,can play 3.Can;use 4.too;to 5.can't,can;lide 6.can fly 句子 7.can't,look after 8.must ;9.can't 10.Can;cany