Unit 4 Role Models（下）-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册知识点精讲（北师大版）

Unit 4 Role Models 知识点精讲（下） voluntary quality organized focused pick up pick ⊙单元核心词汇 advice basic struggle painful provide complete knowledge possible 。单元同步语法 动词+-ing形式、used to结构 。单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 1.voluntary/'vplentri/adj..自愿的；志愿的 词形变化：volunteer(n.志愿者；v.自愿) 搭配：voluntary work志愿工作；voluntary service志愿服务 词根：volunt-(意愿)+-ary(形容词后缀) 例佝：She takes part in voluntary activities.她参加志愿活动。 2.quality/'kwpleti/n.质量；品质；adj.优质的 词形变化：qualities(复数) 搭配：high quality高质量；quality of life生活质量 词根：qual-(性质)+-ity(名词后缀) 例佝：The quality of the product is good..这个产品的质量很好。 3.organiz2ed/o:genaIzd/adj.有组织的；有条理的 词形变化：organize(v.组织)；organization(n.组织)；organizer(n.组织者) 搭配：wel-organized组织良好的；organized activity有组织的活动 词根：organ-(器官/机构)+-ize(动词后缀)+-ed(形容词后缀) 例句：He is an organized student.他是一个有条理的学生。 4.focused/'feukest/adj.专注的；集中的 词形变化：focus(N.n.集中；焦点)；focuses(第三人称单数)；focusing(现在分 词 搭配：stay focused保持专注；focused on专注于 词根：focus(焦点)+-ed(形容词后缀) 例佝：Keep focused on your study.保持专注于你的学习。 5.pick/prk/v.挑选；采摘 词形变化：picked(过去式/过去分词)；picking(现在分词) 搭配：pick up捡起；接某人；学会；pick out挑选出 例句：Please pick up the book.请捡起那本书。 He picked some apples.他摘了一些苹果。 6.advice/ed'vaIs/n.建议；忠告（不可数） 词形变化：advise(N.建议)；adviser(n.顾问) 搭配：give advice给建议；take one's advice接受建议；a piece of advice一条建 议 词根：ad(向)+vis-(看)+-e(名词后缀) 例佝：Can you give me some advice?你能给我一些建议吗？ 7.asid/bersIk/adj..基础的；基本的 词形变化：base(n.基础)；basically(adw.基本上) 搭配：basic knowledge基础知识；basic skill基本技能 词根：bas-(基础)+-ic(形容词后缀) 例佝：Learning basic English is important.学习基础英语很重要。 8.struggle/'stragl/v.ln.挣扎；奋斗；斗争 词形变化：struggled(过去式/过去分词)；struggling(现在分词) 搭配：struggle with/.against与.斗争；struggle to do sth.努力做某事 例佝：He struggled to finish the work.他努力完成工作。 Life is a struggle.生活是一场奋斗。 9.painful/'peInfl/adj..痛苦的；疼痛的 词形变化：pain(n.疼痛)；painfully(adv.痛苦地)；painless(adj.无痛的) 搭配：be painful to对.痛苦；a painful experience一次痛苦的经历 词根：pain(疼痛)+-ful(形容词后缀) 例句：The injury is very painful..这个伤很痛。 10.provide/pre'vard/v.提供；供给 词形变化：provides(第三人称单数)；provided(过去式/过去分词)；providing(现 在分词) 搭配：provide sth.for sb.为某人提供某物；provide sb.with sth.提供给某人某物 词根：pro-(向前)+vid-(看)+-e(动词后缀) 例句：The school provides food for students.学校为学生提供食物。 11.complete /kem'plit/v.完成；结束；adj.完整的；完全的 词形变化：completes(第三人称单数)；completed(过去式/过去分词)；completing (现在分词)；completion(n.完成) 搭配：complete the task完成任务；complete set整套 词根：com-(完全)+plet(充满)+-e 例句：He completed his homework..他完成了作业。 12.knowledge/nold3yn.知识；学问（不可数） 词形变化：knowledgeable(adj.知识渊博的) 搭配：knowledge of...的知识；common knowledge常识 词根：know(知道)+-edge(名词后缀) 例句：Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。 13.possible/'posebl//adj.可能的 词形变化：possibly(adv.可能地)；impossible(ad.不可能的)；possibility(n.可能 性) 搭配：as soon as possible尽快；if possible如果可能 词根：pos-(能够)+-ible(形容词后缀) 例佝：It is possible to finish it today.今天完成它是可能的。 考点通关 单元词汇 (一）单句填空（用所给词的适当形试填空） 1.He is a (voluntary)worker in the hospital 2.The (quality)of this watch is very poor. 3.She always keeps her desk (organize). 4.Please stay (focus)during the class. 5.Can you (pick up)the pen for me? 6.My teacher gave me some good (advise). 7.This is a (base)question.Everyone can answer it. 8.They_ (struggle)to climb the mountain yesterday. 9.The cut on my finger feels (pain). 10.The charity (provide)food and clothes for the poor. 11.We need to (complete)the project by Friday. 12.He has a wide (know)of history. 13.It is (possibly)for us to win the game. 14.She (pick)a red apple from the tree. 15.You should take your doctor's (advise)seriously. (二)短文填空 In our school,there is a 1. club.It 2. help for old people.The work is not difficult,but it needs 3. students.Everyone must stay 4. when doing the work.The 5. skills like listening and talking are important.Sometimes we feel 6. when we see old people 7. with housework.But we also get much 8. about life.9. a new skill is also 10. if we try hard.Our teacher often gives us 11. on how to 12. the tasks well.This is a good 13. experience for us. 参考答案 1.voluntary;2.quality;3.organized;4.focused;5.pick up;6.advice; (一)单句填空 7.basic;8.struggled;9.painful;10.provides;11.complete: 12.knowledge;13.possible;14.picked;15.advice 1.voluntary;2.provides;3.organized;4.focused;5.basic;6.painful; (二) 短文填空 7.struggle;8.knowledge;9.Picking up;10.possible;11.advice; 12.complete;13.quality A 教材同步语法全解全练 重点2 单元语法 动词+-ing形式（动名词作宾语） 定义 在英语中，某些动词后要接动词的-ing形试 (即动名词)作宾语，表示”做某事”。 enjoy(喜欢)、finish(完成)、practice 常用动词 (练习)、mind(介意)、keep(保 持)、be good at(擅长)、look forward to(期待)、can't help(忍不住) 主语+动词+动词-ing+其他 结构 例：I enjoy reading books.(我喜欢读 书。) 在动词前加don't/doesn't/didn't 否定结构 例：She doesn't mind waiting.(她不介意 等待。) 动词-ing形式具有名词性质，可作主语（但 初二上侧重宾语用法) 注意 例：Swimming is fun.(游泳很有趣。) 此用法稍作了解 used to结构 定义 表示"过去常常做某事”，暗示现在不再做 了。 主语+used to+动词原形+其他 结构 例：I used to get up late.(我过去常常晚 起。) 主语+didn't use to+动词原形（或：主 语+used not to+动词原形) 否定式 例：He didn't use to like coffee.(他过去 不喜欢咖啡。) Did+主语+use to+动词原形？ 疑问式 例：Did you use to play the piano?(你 过去常弹钢琴吗？) 常与now连用，强调过去与现在的对比 对比现在 例：She used to be shy,but now she is outgoing 考点通关 单元语法 语法专练一：单项选择(6题) 1.-Do you like soccer? -Yes,I do. A.play B.playing C.to playing 2.My brother finished his homework at 8:00 pm. A.do B.to do C.doing 3.We are looking forward to you soon. A.see B.seeing C.saw 4.She practices English every morning. A.speak B.speaking C.to speak 5.Please keep the baby is sleeping A.to quiet B.quiet C.quiet 6.I can't help when I hear the funny story. A.laugh B.laughing C.laughed 语法专练二：语法填空(6题) 用所给词的正确形式填空 1.1 (use)to walk to school,but now I take the bus. 2.He (not use)to like vegetables,but now he eats them. 3. your father (use)to smoke? 4.They used to (live)in a small village. 5.She (use)to be a teacher,and now she is a writer. 6.We (use)not to go to the gym,but we go there every week now. 语法综合练习 （一）单项选择(8小题) 1.-Do you mind the window?It's too cold. -Of course not. A.open B.opening C.to open 2.He used to short hair,but now he has long hair. A.has B.have C.having 3.She practices the piano for two hours every day. A.play B.playing C.to play 4.-Did you use to to school by bus? -Yes,I did. A.go B.going C.went 5.I enjoy books about history. A.read B.reading C.to read 6.Tom finished his room before dinner. A.clean B.cleaning C.to clean 7.My mother used not to coffee,but now she drinks it every morning A.drink B.drinking C.drank 8.We are looking forward to the Great Wall next month. A.visit B.visiting C.visited (二)语法填空(10小题) 阅读短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 11. (use)to be very shy.I didn't like 2. (talk)in front of class. But now I enjoy 3. (share)my ideas.My teacher said,"Try 4. (not be)afraid.Just keep 5. (practice)."So I started 6. (speak) more.I finished 7. (prepare)a speech last week.I used to 8. (feel)nervous,but now I feel confident.My classmates often ask me,"Did you use to 9. (be)scared?"I say yes,but I look forward to 10. (become)a better speaker 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.B;2.C;3.B;4.B;5.B;6.B 1.used;2.didn't use;3.Did;use;4.live;5.used;6. 语法专练二：语法填空 used 语法综合练习（一)单项 选择 1.B;2.B;3.B;4.A;5.B;6.B;7.A;8.B 语法综合练习（二）语法 1.used;2.talking;3.sharing;4.not to be;5 填空 practicing;6.speaking;7.preparing;8.feel;9.be;10 becoming 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点3 文章句型 1.Qian Xuesen was planning to return to China. 结构：was/were planning to do sth.过去进行时表示"当时正计划做某事" 短语：plan to do sth.计划做某事 译：钱学森当时正计划返回中国。 2.He decided to go back and help his country himself. 结构：decide to do sth.决定做某事 短语：go back回去；help his country himself亲自帮助他的国家 译：他决定回去亲自帮助他的国家。 3.The USA refused to let him leave because he was a valuable scientist. 结构：refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事 短语：let sb.do sth.让某人做某事；a valuable scientist一位有价值的科学家 译：美国拒绝让他离开，因为他是一位有价值的科学家。 4.Qian Xuesen struggled for five years,and he did not give up. 结构：struggle for+时间为.奋斗了多久 短语：give up放弃 译：钱学森奋斗了五年，他没有放弃。 5.Finally,in 1955,he managed to get back to China 结构：manage to do sth.设法做成谋事 短语：get back to回到 译：最终，在1955年，他设法回到了中国。 6.As soon as he returned,Qian Xuesen started a satellite and missile programme. 结构：As soon as+从句，主句一"..就.." 短语：start a programme启动一个项目 译：他一回来，钱学森就启动了卫星和导弹项目。 7.He worked day and night and his hard work paid off. 结构：work day and night夜以继日地工作 短语：pay off取得成功，得到回报 译：他夜以继日地工作，他的努力得到了回报。 8.Five years later,he and his team tested the first Chinese missiles. 结构：时间+later表示"之后” 短语：test the first Chinese missiles测试第一枚中国导弹 译：五年后，他和他的团队测试了第一枚中国导弹。 9.In 1970.China sent the first satellite into space. 结构：send..into space把..送入太空 短语：the first satellite第一颗卫星 译：1970年，中国把第一颗卫星送入了太空 10.Qian Xuesen also set up a science centre in China. 结构：set up建立，设立 短语：a science centre一个科学中心 译：钱学森还在中国建立了一个科学中心。 11.He trained many people there and they are now great rocket scientists themselves. 结构：train sb.培训某人 短语：rocket scientists火箭科学家；themselves他们自己（强调） 译：他在那里培训了许多人，他们现在自己也是伟大的火箭科学家。 12.The science centre has become one of the best in the world. 结构：has become已经成为（现在完成时） 短语：one of the best+复数名词最好的..之一 译：这个科学中心已经成为世界上最好的之一。 13.During his life,Qian Xuesen received many awards. 结构：receive many awards获得许多奖项 短语：during his life在他的一生中 译：在他的一生中，钱学森获得了很多奖项。 14.In 1991,he received the award for National Outstanding Contributing Scientist. 结构：receive the award for..因..获奖 短语：National Outstanding Contributing Scientist国家杰出贡献科学家 译：1991年，他获得了国家杰出贡献科学家奖。 15.People always remember him as "the father of China's missile and space programme” 结构：remember sb.as..把某人铭记为 短语：the father of..之父 译：人们永远铭记他为"中国导弹和太空计划之父”。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：单项选择 1.Qian Xuesen to return to China in 1950. A.plans B.planned C.was planning D.is planning 2.He decided back to help his country. A.go B.to go C.going D.went 3.The USA refused him leave A.let B.to let C.letting D.lets 4.He for five years and finally succeeded. A.struggled B.struggle C.struggles D.struggling 5.In 1955,he managed back to China A.get B.to get C.getting D.got 6 he returned,he started the missile programme. A.As soon as B.Because C.Although D.If 7.He worked day and night,and his hard work A.paid off B.paid for C.paid back D.paid out 8.China the first satellite into space in 1970. A.sent B.sends C.sending D.to send 9.He a science centre in China. A.set up B.set out C.set off D.set in 10.The centre has become one of in the world. A.good B.better C.best D.the best 11.People remember him "the father of China's space programme". A.as B.for C.with D.to 12.He many awards during his life A.received B.accepted C.took D.got 练习二：完成句子（根据中文提示完成英文句子，每空一词） 1钱学森当时正计划返回中国。 Qian Xuesen to return to China. 2.他决定回去帮助他的国家。 He go back and help his country. 3美国拒绝让他离开。 The USA let him leave. 4他奋斗了五年，没有放弃。 He struggled_ five years and did not 5.他终于设法回到了中国。 Finally he get back to China. 6.他一回来就启动了导弹项目。 he returned,he started the missile programme 7.他夜以继日地工作。 He worked 8他的努力得到了回报。 His hard work 9他们把第一颗卫星送入了太空。 They the first satellite space. 10.他建立了一个科学中心。 He a science centre. 11.他培训了许多人。 He many people 12.人们把他铭记为中国导弹之父。 People remember him the father of China's missiles. 练习三：翻译句子 1.钱学森是一位有价值的科学家。 2.他计划回到中国。 3.美国拒绝让他离开。 4.他奋斗了五年。 5.他没有放弃。 6.他设法回到了中国。 7.他一回来就开始了这项工作。 8.他夜以继日地工作。 9五年后，他们测试了第一枚导弹。 10.中国把第一颗卫星送入了太空。 11.他建立了一个科学中心。 12.他培训了许多火箭科学家。 参考答案 1.c 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.A 练习一：单项选择 7.A 8.A 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.A 1.was planning 2.decided to 3.refused to 4.for;give up 5.managed to 6.As soon as 练习二：完成句子 7.day and night 8.paid off 9.sent;into 10.set up 11.trained 12.as 1.Qian Xuesen was a valuable scientist. 2.He planned to return to China. 3.The USA refused to let him leave. 4.He struggled for five years. 5.He did not give up. 6.He managed to get back to China 练习三：翻译句子 7.As soon as he returned,he started the work. 8.He worked day and night. 9.Five years later,they tested the first missile. 10.China sent the first satellite into space. 11.He set up a science centre. 12.He trained many rocket scientists. 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 A篇 In 2003,Yang Liwei became the first Chinese astronaut to go into space.His journey on Shenzhou V was a historic moment for China.However,behind his success was a story of hard work and courage. Yang Liwei was born in 1965 in Liaoning Province.He loved flying when he was a child. After joining the army,he became a pilot.In 1998,he was chosen as one of the first astronauts for China's space programme.The training was very difficult.He had to practice in a simulator()for many hours every day.He also had to learn how to deal with emergencies(紧急情况)."The training was like a test of your body and mind,"Yang said."But I never thought of giving up." On 15th October,2003,Shenzhou V lifted off.Yang Liwei was in the spaceship alone. During the 21-hour flight,he completed many tasks.He also took photos of the Earth from space.When he returned,he became a national hero.People all over China celebrated his success. Yang Liwei's story shows that with hard work and strong will,dreams can come true. He is a role model for many young Chinese,encouraging them to follow their dreams. ()1.What was Yang Liwei's job before he became an astronaut? A.A teacher. B.A pilot. C.A scientist. D.A driver. ()2.Why did Yang Liwei never think of giving up during training? A.Because training was easy for him. B.Because he was already a hero. C.Because he had a strong will. D.Because he wanted to take photos. ()3.What does the underlined word "lifted off"in Paragraph 3 mean? A.Landed on the ground. B.Flew up into the sky. C.Stopped moving. D.Crashed. ()4.How long did Yang Liwei's space flight last? A.About 2 hours. B.About 21 hours. C.About a day D.About a week. ()5.What is the passage mainly about? A.How to become an astronaut. B.The training of Chinese astronauts. C.The story of China's first space hero. D.The history of Shenzhou spaceships B篇 When people talk about great scientists,they often think of Albert Einstein or Marie Curie.But in China,there is a scientist named Tu Youyou,who won the Nobel Prize in 2015.She is a role model for many young people. Tu Youyou was born in 1930 in Zhejiang Province.She studied medicine at Peking University.In the 1960s,she joined a project to find a cure for malaria )At that time,malaria was a terrible disease that killed millions of people every year. Tu Youyou and her team studied ancient Chinese medicine books.They tried over 2,000 traditional recipes().Finally,they found that a plant called qinghao (sweet wormwood)could help.Tu Youyou tested the extract (on herself first to make sure it was safe.Her brave action saved many lives. Because of her work,the medicine called artemisinin (was developed.It has helped millions of people around the world.In 2015,Tu Youyou received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Tu Youyou's story teaches us that hard work,patience and courage can lead to great success.She never gave up,even when the work was difficult.Her spirit inspires us to make the world a better place. ()1.Which disease did Tu Youyou try to find a cure for? A.Cancer. B.Malaria. C.COVID-19. D.Heart disease. ()2.What did Tu Youyou do to test if the extract was safe? A.She gave it to animals first. B.She asked her team to try it. C.She tested it on herself. D.She used it on patients directly. ()3.How many traditional recipes did Tu Youyou's team try? A.Over 200. B.Over 2,000. C.Over20,000. D.Over200,000. ()4.What can we learn from Tu Youyou's story? A.Success comes without effort. B.Traditional medicine is useless. C.Hard work and courage are important. D.Only scientists can be role models. ()5.In which year did Tu Youyou win the Nobel Prize? A.1930. B.1960. C.2015. D.2019. 二、完形填空 Zhang Guimei is a great teacher and a role model.She has helped hundreds of girls in poor areas get education.Her story 1.many people. Zhang Guimei was born in 1957 in Heilongjiang.She became a teacher in Yunnan Province.In 2008,she started the first free high school for girls in the poor 2. The school is called Huaping Girls'High School.At first,the school had no money and few students.But Zhang Guimei didn't 3.up.She visited many families and 4. the girls to come to school.She told them,"Education can 5.your life." The life at the school was very hard.The girls got up at 5:30 a.m.and studied until late at night.Zhang Guimei worked with them every day.She often had to take medicine 6. she was in poor health.But she 7.complained ()She said,"I want these girls to have a 8.future." Thanks to her hard work,more than 1,800 girls have gone to college from her school. Many of them are now doctors,teachers and scientists.Zhang Guimei says,"I'm not doing this for 9.,I just hope these girls can fly high." In 2020,Zhang Guimei was given the title "Role Model of the Times".Her story shows that one person can make a big 10. A.moves B.is moving C.moved D.has moved A.cities B.mountains C.countries D.towns A.give B.gave C.giving D.given A.asked B.encouraged C.refused D.ordered A.change B.finish C.improve D.destroy A.because B.so C.although D.but A.always B.usually C.sometimes D.never A.better B.worse C.common D.simple A.myself B.herself C.himself D.yourself A.decision B.mistake C.difference D.promise 三、阅读短文回答问题 Zhong Nanshan is a famous doctor in China.He was born in 1936 in Nanjing.When he was young,he studied medicine and became a doctor.In 2003,a serious disease called SARS broke out.Many doctors were afraid,but Zhong Nanshan said,"Send the most serious patients to me."He worked day and night and helped many people get better. In 2020,another dangerous disease,COVID-19,appeared.Zhong Nanshan was already 84 years old.But he still went to Wuhan,the city with the most patients.He told people how to stop the disease from spreading.His words gave people confidence. Thanks to his efforts,the situation got better. Zhong Nanshan is not only a great doctor but also a role model.He always puts the people's health first.He once said,"Being a doctor is to save lives."His bravery and hard work have inspired millions of Chinese people. 1.When was Zhong Nanshan born? 2.Why did Zhong Nanshan say "Send the most serious patients to me"in 2003? 3.How old was Zhong Nanshan when he went to Wuhan in 2020? 4.What does Zhong Nanshan think being a doctor is for? 5.What qualities()make Zhong Nanshan a role model?(Use two words from the passage) 四、短文填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单 词。) success hard they young give become one teacher study after Yuan Longping is known as"the father of hybrid rice(杂交水)”.He was a great scientist and a role model for all of us. Yuan Longping was born in 1930.When he was 1.,he saw many people die because they didn't have enough food.He decided to 2. agriculture(农业)to solve the problem.He worked 3. in the fields every day.Many people thought his idea of growing more rice was impossible,but he didn't 4.up. In 1973,he 5.the first hybrid rice.This kind of rice could grow much more than common rice.It helped feed millions of people in China and around the world.6. that,he kept on doing research().He taught his 7.how to grow better rice.He hoped that young people could continue his work. Yuan Longping once said,"I have a dream.I hope the rice plants are as tall as a person."His dream made him work all his life.He is no longer with us,but his 8. will live on.His story tells us that if we have a dream and work hard,we can 9. Everyone should learn from Yuan Longping's spirit.He spent 10. whole life helping people. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 7. 8. 9. 10. 五、写作 话题：My Role Model 提示： 1.Who is your role model? 2.What do you know about him/her?(age,job,achievements,etc.) 3.Why do you think he/she is a role model? 4.What can you learn from him/her? 要求：80词左右，语句通顺，语法正确。 参考答案 一、阅读理 A篇：1.B2.C3.B4.B5.C 解 B篇：1.B2.C3.B4.C5.C 二、完形填 空 1.A;2.B;3.A;4.B;5.A;6.A;7.D;8.A;9.A;10.C 1.in1936 2.to help the most serious patients to save lives 三、阅读短 3.84 文回答问题 4.save lives 5.Bravery and hard work 四、短文填 1.young 2.study 3.hard 4.give 5.became 6.After 7.students 8.success 9. 空 succeed 10.his 五、写作 范文： My Role Model My role model is Zhong Nanshan.He is a famous doctor,born in 1936.When SARS and COVID-19 broke out,he went to the front line to help patients.He was not afraid of danger.He always puts people's health first.I think he is a role model because he is brave,hard-working and selfless.From him,I learn that we should use our knowledge to help others.I want to study hard and become a useful person like him.