Unit 4 Role Models（上）-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册知识点精讲（北师大版）

Unit 4 Role Models 知识点精讲（上） 。单元核心词汇 admire selfless wooden publish arrive offer shoot; fight;drop tear replace stick stick to ⊙单元同步语法 反身代词的用法 。单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 1.admire/ed'mara(r)/v.钦佩；赞赏 词形变化：admired(过去式/过去分词)；admiring(现在分词)；admiration(n.钦佩) 例句：I admire the doctor because he saves many lives.我钦佩这位医生，因为他 救了很多人的命。 2.selfless/'selfles/adj.无私的；忘我的 词形变化：selflessly(ad.无私地)；selflessness(n.无私) 构词：self(自己)+less(没有)一没有自我的一无私的 例句：She is a selfless teacher.She always helps her students.她是一位无私的老 师。她总是帮助学生。 3.wooden/'w心dan/adj.木制的；木头的 词形变化：wood(n.木头)+en→wooden 例佝：The old house has a wooden door.那座老房子有一扇木门。 4.publish/'pAblf/v.出版；发表 词形变化：publishes(第三人称单数)；published(过去式/过去分词)；publishing (现在分词)；publisher(n.出版商) 搭配：publish a book/article出版一本书/发表一篇文章 例佝：The writer will publish his new story next month.这位作家下个月将出版他的 新故事。 5.arrive/e'rarv/v.到达；抵达 词形变化：arrives(第三人称单数)；arrived(过去式/过去分词)；arriving(现在分 词)；arrival(n.到达) 搭配：arrive in+大地点；arrive at+小地点；arrive home到家 例佝：e arrived in Beijing at8o'cIock..我们八点到达了北京。 6.offe/'ofe(r)/v.提供；主动提出n.提议 词形变化：offers(第三人称单数)；offered(过去式/过去分词)；offering(现在分词) 搭配：offer sb.sth.=offer sth.tosb.向某人提供某物；offer to do sth.主动做某事 例句：He offered me a cup of tea.他给我端了一杯茶。 7 shoot /u:t/v.射击；开枪；射猎 词形变化：shoots(第三人称单数)；shot(过去式/过去分词)；shooting(现在分词) 搭配：shoot at朝.…射击；shoot sb./sth.射中某人/某物 例句：Don't shoot the birds.They are our friends.不要射鸟。它们是我们的朋友。 8.fight /fart/v.打架；战斗；斗争n.斗争 词形变化：fights(第三人称单数)；fought(过去式/过去分词)；fighting(现在分词) 搭配：fight for为.而战；fight against与斗争 例佝：We should fight for our dreams.我们应该为梦想而战。 9.drop /drop/v.落下；掉下；下降n.滴；少量 词形变化：drops(第三人称单数)；dropped(过去式/过去分词)；dropping(现在分 词) 搭配：drop in顺便拜访；drop out退出；a drop of water一滴水 例佝：The apple dropped from the tree.苹果从树上掉了下来。 10.tear /tee(r)/v.斯开；撕裂e(r)/n.眼泪 词形变化：tears(第三人称单数/名词复数)；tore(过去式)；torn(过去分词)； tearing(现在分词) 例句：Don't tear the paper..(.)别形纸。 She wiped her tears away..(n.)她擦掉了眼泪。 11.replace/m'plers/v.代替；取代；放回原处 词形变化：replaces(第三人称单数)；replaced(过去式/过去分词)；replacing(现 在分词) 构词：re-(重新)+place(放置)一重新放置一→代替；放回 搭配：replace Awith B用B代替A 例句：We should replace coal with clean energy.我们应该用清洁能源代替煤炭。 12.stick/st缸kWv.粘贴；刺入；卡住n.棍子；枝条 词形变化：sticks(第三人称单数/名词复数)；stuck(过去式/过去分词)；sticking (现在分词)》 搭配：stick to坚持；粘在.上；stick out伸出 例佝：Stick the stamp on the envelope.把邮票贴在信封上。 13.stick to/sktu:/短语.坚持；粘住 例佝：You should stick to your plan..你应该坚持你的计划。 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.We all (admire)the brave firefighter. 2.The (wood)bridge is very old 3.The magazine will (publish)next week 4.When did you (arrive)at the station? 5.She (offer)to help me with my homework 6.The hunter (shoot)a deer yesterday 7.They often (fight)for peace 8.Please be careful not to (drop)the glass 9.He (tear)the letter into pieces in anger. 10.Who will (replace)the old teacher? 11.The stamp (stick)to the envelope is very nice 12.We should (stick)to our dreams (二)短文填空 Tom is a brave boy.He 1. (admire)his father who is a firefighter.His father always tells him to be 2. (selfless)and help others.Last week,Tom saw a man 3. (shoot)at a bird.Tom shouted,"Don't 4. (s hoot)！Birds are our friends."The man stopped and 5. _(drop)his gun.Tom told him that we should 6. (stick)to protecting animals.Then Tom 7._ _(offer） to teach the man how to take photos instead of hunting.The man agreed and (replace)his gun with a camera.Tom was very happy.He 9. (arrive)home late that day,but his mother didn't 10 (tear）his homework. She just said,"You did a good job." 参考答案 1.admire;2.wooden;3.publish;4.arrive;5.offered;6.shot;7.fight; (一)单句填空 8.drop;9.tore;10.replace;11.stuck;12.stick 1.admires 2.selfless 3.shooting 4.shoot 5.dropped 6.stick; (二)短文填空 7.offered 8.replaced 9.arrived 10.tear A 教材同步语法全解全练 重点2 单元语法 反身代词的用法 项目 内容 表示动作返回到主语本身。 作动词或介词的宾语 例：I taught myself English./She looked at herself in the mirror. 意为"亲自”"本人”。 强调主语或宾语 例：Myself I don't like it./He did it (置于名词/代词后或句未) himself.I saw the teacher herself. 常见短语：by oneself(独自)，enjoy oneself(玩得开心)，hurt oneself(受 固定搭配 伤)，help oneself to(随便吃/用)。 例：He finished the work by himself./ We enjoyed ourselves at the party. 注意：主语和宾语指同一个人物时才用反身 代词 I cut myself.x I cut me. 否则用宾格 第一人称：myself/ourselves 反身代词形式表 第二人称：yourself/yourselves 第三人称：himself/herself/itself/ themselves 考点通关 单元语法 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) 1.-Who taught you to swim? -Nobody.I taught A.me B.my C.myself 2.The little girl is too young to look after A.her B.herself C.hers 3.Please help to some fruit,boys and girls A.you B.yourself C.yourselves 4.I can't believe it!He made the model plane all by A.him B,his C.himself 5.We enjoyed at the English party last night. A.us B.our C.ourselves 6.-Did you break the glass? -Yes,I'm sorry.I hurt A.me B.myself C.my 7.The cat cleaned after eating the fish. A.it B.itself C.its 8.You should take care of when your parents are away. A.you B.yourself C.your 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 用所给单词的适当形式填空，每空不超过一个词。 1.He taught (he)to play the guitar last year. 2.Be careful!Don't cut (you)with the knife. 3.The children are old enough to dress (they). 4.I finished the work by 0. 5.She hurt (she)when she fell off the bike 6.We must learn to protect (we)from danger. 7.The dog is cleaning (it)with its tongue. 8.You can't always think about (you) 9.They enjoyed (they)at the beach yesterday. 10.Please help (you)to some tea,Tom. 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.C;2.B;3.C;4.C;5.C;6.B;7.B;8.B 语法专练二：语法填空 1.himself;2.yourself;3.themselves;4.myself;5.herself; 6.ourselves;7.itself;8.yourself;9.themselves;10.yourself 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点1 文章精讲 Luding Bridge was some 103 metres or more,with 13 iron chains and wooden boards. 结构："some+计量单位+or more”表示"大约或更多”；"with.”结构 作伴随状语，描述桥梁的构成。 短语：iron chains铁链；wooden boards木板 译：泸定桥大约有103米甚至更长，有13根铁链和木板。 To stop the Red Army crossing the bridge,the enemy took away half the wooden boards. 结构：不定式"To stop."作目的状语，表示"为了阻止”；"stop sb.(from) doing sth.”阻止某人做某事。 短语：take away拿走；half the wooden boards一半的木板 译：为了阻止红军过桥，敌人拿走了一半的木板。 Who would be so crazy to cross on the chains alone and put themselves in great danger? 结构："so+形容词+to do sth.”表示"如此..以至于做某事”；"put oneself in danger”使某人自己处于危险中。 短语：on the chains在铁链上；in great danger处于极大的危险中 译：谁会如此疯狂，独自在铁链上过桥，让自己处于极大的危险中？ One by one the Red Army soldiers stepped forward to offer themselves and risk their lives. 结构："one by one”一个接一个；"step forward”向前站出（自愿做某 事)；"offer oneself'"自告奋勇；"risk one's life'"冒生命危险。 短语：volunteers志愿者 译：红军战士们一个接一个地站出来，主动请缨，甘冒生命危险。 They got above the boiling river,moving forward on their hands and knees,holding the iron chains. 结构："above the boiling river'"在翻滚的河流上方；"on one's hands and knees" 手膝并用地爬行；现在分词短语"moving...holding.”作伴随状语。 短语：boiling river翻滚的河流（形容水流湍急）；hold the iron chains抓住铁链 译：他们攀上铁索，手膝并用，抓着铁链，在湍急的河面上方匍匐前进。 The enemy shot at the soldiers high above the water with machine guns. 结构："shoot at sb.”向..…射击；"high above."在.上方很高处；“with +工具”用..。 短语：machine guns机关枪 译：敌人用机关枪向高高悬在水面上方的战士们射击。 They were not afraid of losing their lives. 结构："be afraid of doing sth”害怕做某事；"lose one's life”失去生命（丧 生)。 短语：lose their lives失去他们的生命 译：他们不怕牺牲。 The enemy couldn't believe their eyes. 结构：can't believe one's eyes不敢相信自己的眼睛（表示极度惊讶） 译：敌人简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。 Were they human beings or madmen or gods? 结构：选择疑问句"…or.or?”是还是.还是.？ 短语：human beings人类；madmen疯子；gods神 译：他们是人、是疯子、还是神？ The enemy tore up the rest of the boards and set fire to the bridge. 结构："tear up'”撕斯毁、扯掉；"set fire to sth”放火烧某物。 短语：the rest of the boards剩下的木板 译：敌人扯掉了剩下的木板，并放火烧桥。 More Red Army soldiers got on the chains and arrived to put out the fires and replace the boards. 结构："out out'”扑灭（火）；"replace”替换、放回原处。 短语：get on the chains攀上铁链；arrive to do sth.到达去做某事 译：更多的红军战士攀上铁链赶来，扑灭了大火，重新铺上了木板。 In an hour or two,the whole army crossed the Dadu River. 结构："in+一段时间”表示"在.之后”；"the whole army"整个部队。 短语：cross the river过河 译：一两个小时垢，整个部队就渡过了大渡河。 考点通关 文章精讲 练习一：单项选择 1.Who would be so crazy cross the chains? A.to B.for C.of D.with 2.The enemy took half the wooden boards. A.away B,off C.of D.in 3.They moved forward their hands and knees. A.in B.on C.with D.at 4.The soldiers were not afraid losing their lives. A.to B.at C.of D,with 5.The enemy couldn't believe eyes. A.they B.them C.their D.theirs 6.The enemy fire to the bridge. A.put B.set C.made D.took 7.Soldiers arrived to put the fires. A.away B.up C.down D,out 8.In an hour two,the whole army crossed the river. A.and B.or C.but D.so 9.One one,soldiers stepped forward to help. A.and B.by C.after D.for 10.They had to cross the bridge more enemies arrived. A.after B.so C.before D.when 练习二：完成句子（根据中文提示用英语短语或句型完成句子） 1.红军战士冒着生命危险。 their 2.他们手膝并用地前进。 their and 3敌人不敢相信他们的眼睛。 their 4.他们不害怕牺牲。 losing their lives. 5.一个接一个，他们站了出来。 they stepped forward. 6敌人放火烧桥。 fire the bridge. 7战士们扑灭了大火。 the fires. 8整个部队渡过了大渡河。 crossed the Dadu River 9.谁愿意自愿站出来？ themselves? 10敌人拿着机关枪射击。 machine 练习三：翻译句子（将下列佝子完整地翻译成英语，注意使用划线部分） 1.这座桥大约有103米长。 2敌人拿走了一半的木板。 3.谁如此勇敢，敢在铁链上爬行？ 4.我不怕失去生命。 5.他们是人还是神？ 6.一两个小时后，他们到达了对岸。 7.战士们扑灭了火。 8红军过了河。 参考答案 练习一：单项选择 1.A;2.A;3.B;4C;5.C;6.B;7.D;8B;9.B;10.C 1.risked;lives;2.on;hands;knees;3.believe;eyes;4. 练习二：完成句子 afraid;of;5.One;by;one;6.set;to;7.put;out;8.whole; army;9.offer;10.with;guns 练习三：翻译句子 1.The bridge was some 103 metres long.;2.The enemy took away half the wooden boards.;3.Who would be so brave to crawl on the chains?;4.I am not afraid of losing my life.;5.Are they human beings or gods?;6.In an hour or two,they arrived at the other side.7.The soldiers put out the fire.;8.The Red Army crossed the river. 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 A篇 Can a robot be a role model?In China,a high-tech robot named "Xiao Zhu"is teaching students to be kind,brave and helpful. Xiao Zhu is not like other robots.It can talk,walk and even tell stories.But the most special thing is that it teaches students how to be good people.In class,Xiao Zhu tells students stories about great people like Lei Feng and Zhong Nanshan."Lei Feng helped people every day.He was very kind,"the robot says.Students listen carefully and learn to help others. Xiao Zhu also shows students how to face difficulties.Once,a student named Li Ming failed his math test.He felt very sad.Xiao Zhu said to him,"Don't give up!Great people like Thomas Edison failed many times,but they never stopped trying."Li Ming felt better and worked harder.Finally,he got good grades. Now,more and more schools are using Xiao Zhu.Some say it's just a machine,but students think it's their friend."Xiao Zhu teaches us important things,"a student says."It makes me want to be a better person." ()1.What is the most special thing about Xiao Zhu? A.It can walk and talk. B.It looks like a real person. C.It teaches students to be good people D.It helps students with their homework. ()2.How did Li Ming feel when he failed the math test? A.Happy B.Angry. C.Sad. D.Surprised. ()3.Why did Xiao Zhu tell Li Ming about Thomas Edison? A.To teach him how to do math. B.To tell him a funny story. C.To show him a great scientist. D.To encourage him not to give up. ()4.What can we learn from the passage? A.Robots can replace teachers in schools. B.Xiao Zhu helps students learn life lessons. C.Only robots can be good role models. D.Students don't like learning from robots. B篇 Role models can change our lives.They are people we admire and want to be like.But who can be a role model?Is it only famous people like movie stars or sports players? The answer is no. In fact,role models can be around us.They could be our parents,teachers,or even classmates.My role model is my mother.She is not a famous person,but she is the greatest person in my heart. My mother is a nurse.She works hard every day.During the COVID-19 pandemic )she volunteered to work in the hospital.She was very busy and sometimes didn't come home for days.I was worried about her.But she said,"Saving people is more important than anything else."Her words touched me deeply. From my mother,I learned what selflessness (is.She doesn't care about money or fame().She just wants to help others.Because of her,I want to be a doctor in the future.I want to help people like my mother does. Everyone can be a role model.A true role model doesn't have to be perfect.What matters(重要的是)is that they inspire激励)us to be better.Do you have a role model in your life? ()1.What does the writer think of role models? A.They must be famous people. B.They can only be parents. C.They can be people around us. D.They should be perfect. ()2.What did the writer's mother do during the pandemic? A.She stayed at home. B.She asked for more money. C.She volunteered to work. D.She became a doctor. ()3.The underlined word "selflessness"in Paragraph 4 probably means. A.自私 B.无私 C.勇敢 D.聪明 ()4.What does the writer want to be in the future? A.A nurse. B.A doctor. C.A teacher. D.A volunteer. ()5.What is the passage mainly about? A.How to become a good person. B.The writer's mother's job. C.Why role models are important. D.What a true role model is. 二、完形填空 I have a special person in my life.She is my grandmother,and she is my role model. My grandmother is 75 years old,but she is still very 1.,Every morning,she gets up early and goes to the park to exercise.She says,"A healthy body helps you do everything well." Grandma is 2.a kind person.She often helps her neighbors.When Mrs.Wang next door was sick,grandma cooked soup for her every day.She also 3. to take care of Mrs.Wang's garden."We should help each other,"grandma always says. 14. grandma for her selflessness.Once,I asked her,"Grandma,why are you so kind to everyone?"She smiled and said,"Life is short.Being kind makes 5. happy and others happy too." Grandma also 6. me to be brave.When I failed my English exam,I felt very sad. She told me,"Don't be 7.of failure.Just learn from it and keep trying."Her words gave me 8. Now,I try to be like my grandma.I help my classmates 9. their studies.I also visit old people in the neighborhood.I want to be a person 10. makes others feel warm,just like my grandma. A.lazy B.weak C.active D.quiet A.such B.so C.too D.very A.offered B.refused C.forgot D.stopped A.teach B.admire C.hate D.believe A.me B.her C.myself D.herself A.taught B.teaches C.teaching D.teach A.proud B.afraid C.tired D.sure A.trouble B.money C.courage D.advice A.at B.with C.for D.about A.which B.what C.who D.whose 三、阅读短文回答问题 Yuan Longping (1930-2021)was a great scientist.People call him the "Father of Hybrid Rice杂交水稻之父)".He spent most of his life working on hybrid rice to help feed the world. Yuan was born in Beijing.When he was young,he saw many people die because they didn't have enough food.This made him decide to study agriculture().He wanted to grow more rice to help people. In the 1960s,China had a serious food shortage ()Yuan started his research on hybrid rice.People thought it was impossible,but he didn't give up.He worked hard in the fields every day.After many years of hard work,he succeeded in growing the world's first hybrid rice in 1973. Hybrid rice can grow more rice than common rice.It helped China feed 20%of the world's population with only 9%of the world's farmland ()Yuan's work also helped many other countries like India,Vietnam and the Philippines. Yuan once said,"I have two dreams.One is to enjoy the cool shade under rice crops taller than men.The other is to grow hybrid rice all over the world."He worked on his dreams until the end of his life. Yuan Longping is a true role model.He used his knowledge to help people and make the world a better place. 1.Why did Yuan Longping decide to study agriculture? 2.When did Yuan Longping succeed in growing the first hybrid rice? 3.How much of the world's population does China feed with hybrid rice? 4.What were Yuan Longping's two dreams? 5.What can we learn from Yuan Longping? 四、短文填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单 词。) publish,admire,offer,arrive,fight,drop,tear,replace,stick to,selfless I have a great role model-my uncle.He is a doctor.I really 1. him because he is a 2. person who always puts others first. Last year,when the disease broke out,my uncle 3.to work in the hardest-hit area.Before he 4.there,he told us,"I have to go.I must 5. against this disease."We were very worried,but we supported him. In the hospital,he worked day and night.He never 6. his dream of saving people.Once,he 7. his protective suit while helping a patient.He had to 8. it with a new one quickly.After many months,he finally 9.home.He looked very tired,but he was happy My uncle plans to 10.a book about his experiences.He hopes to encourage more people to help others.He is my hero and I want to be a doctor like him in the future. 1. 2. 3. 4 5. 6. 7 8. 9. 10. 五、导作 话题：My Role Model 1.谁是你生活中的榜样(role model)? 2.他/她是一个什么样的人？（至少描述两个品质) 3.他/她做了什么让你敬佩的事？ 4.你从他/她身上学到了什么？ 要求：80词左右，语句通顺，语法正确。 参考答案 一、阅读理 A篇：1.C2.C3.D4.B 解 B篇：1.C2.C3.B4.B5.D 二、完形填 1.C;2.A;3.A;4.B;5.C;6.A;7.B;8.C;9.B;10.C 空 1.Because when he was young,he saw many people die because they didn't have enough food. 2.ln1973. 三、阅读短 3.20%of the world's population. 文回答问题 4.One is to enjoy the cool shade under rice crops taller than men.The other is to grow hybrid rice all over the world. 5.We can learn to be hard-working,never give up,and use our knowledge to help others. 四、短文填 1.admire 2.selfless 3.offered 4.arrived 5.fight 6.dropped 7.tore 8.replace 空 9.stuck to 10.publish 五、写作 范文： My role model is my father.He is a kind and hard-working person.He works as a teacher and always helps his students.I admire him because he never gives up.Once,a student in his class had difficulty learning English.My father spent many hours helping him after school.Finally,the student improved a lot.From my father,I learned the importance of patience and kindness.I want to be a person like him who helps others and makes the world a better place.