Unit 2 Amazing numbers-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册知识点精讲（沪教版）

U2 Amazing numbers 知识点精讲 。单元核心词汇 schedule;challenge;promise;reply;hesitation;wonder;agree;cur rently;sharply;symbol;represent;without hesitation;instead of 。单元同步语法 基数词、序数词 。单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 1.schedule/'fedju:?W(英)或/'sked3uW(美)n.计划表；日程安排v.安排；预定 词形变化：scheduled(adj.己安排好的)；scheduling(n.安排) 词根：源自拉丁语schedula“小纸条" 搭配：a tight schedule紧凑的日程；on schedule按时schedule a meeting安排 会议 例句：We have a busy schedule this week.这周我们日程很紧。 2.challenge/t与elnd3n.挑战v.向.挑战；质疑 词形变化：challenging(adj.有挑战性的)；challenger(n.挑战者) 词根：源自拉丁语calumnia“欺骗 搭配：face a challenge面对挑h战；challenge sb.to sth.向某人挑h战… 例句：It is a big challenge for me.这对我来说是个大挑战。 3.promise/'prpmIs./n.诺言V.许诺；保证 词形变化：promising(adj.有前途的)；promised(过去式/过去分词) 词根：源自拉丁语promissum“承诺” 搭配：make a promise许下诺言；keep a promise遵守诺言；break a promise违 背诺言 例句：He promised to help me.他答应帮助我。 4.reply/'plar/v.&n.回答；回复 词形变化：replies(第三人称单数)；replied(过去式/过去分词)；replying(现在分 词) 搭配：reply to sb.lsth.回答；in reply to作为对的答复 例句：Please reply to my email soon..请尽快回复我的邮件。 5.hesitation/,hezr'tern/n.犹豫；迟疑 词形变化：hesitate(.犹豫)；hesitant(adj.犹豫的) 词根：源自拉丁语haesitare“粘住，犹豫” 搭配：without hesitation毫不犹豫地 例句：She answered without hesitation.她毫不犹豫地回答了。 ★without hesitation用作副词短语，修饰动词。 6.wonder/'wnda(r)lv.想知道；感到惊讶n.惊奇；奇迹 词形变化：wonderful(adj.精彩的)；wonderfully(adv.精彩地) 词根：源自古英语wundor“惊奇 搭配：no wonder难怪；wonder at对感到惊奇 例句：I wonder what he is doing.我想知道他在做什么。 7.agree/agri/v.同意；赞成 词形变化：agreement(n.协议)；disagree(v.不同意)；agreeable(adj.令人偷快 的) 搭配：agree with sb.同意某人；agree to do sth.同意做某事 例佝：I agree with your idea.我同意你的想法。 8.currently/'kArentli/adv.当前；目前 词形变化：current(adj.当前饷的；n.水流) 词根：源自拉丁语currere“跑” 搭配：currently available当前可用的 例佝：He is currently working in Shanghai..他目前在上海工作。 9.sharply/'a:pli/adv.急剧地；严厉地；鲜明地 词形变化：sharp(adj.锋利的；急剧的)；sharpen(M.使锋利) 搭配：rise sharply急剧上升；speak sharply严厉地说 例佝：The price of oil rose sharply..石油价格急剧上涨。 10.symbol/'sImbl/n.象征；符号 词形变化：symbolic(ad.象征性的)；symbolize(v.象征) 词根：源自希腊语symbolon“标志' 搭配：a symbol of..的象征 例句：The dove is a symbol of peace.鸽子是和平的象征。 11.represent/.repr'zent/v.代表；表示 词形变化：representation(n.代表)；representative(n.代表adj.有代表性的) 词根：re-“又”+present“呈现 搭配：represent sb.lsth.代表某人/某物 例句：The red light represents danger..红灯表示危险。 12.instead of /in'sted ev/prep..代替；而不是 搭配：instead of doing sth.代替做某事 例佝：I will go instead of you.我将代替你去。 考点通关 单元词汇 (一）单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.We should keep our (promise). 2.He (reply)to my letter last week 3.She agreed (help)me with the project. 4.The number of students is (sharp)increasing 5.The Great Wall is a (symbol)of China 6.The red rose (represent)love. 7.He answered the question (without hesitation) 8.I wonder what the (schedule)for tomorrow is. 9.It is a big (challenge)for a beginner. 10.She is (current)studying in the library 11.1 don't agree you on this point. 12.Let's take a walk (instead of)staying at home. (二)短文填空 Dear classmates, Our school has a busy 1 this term.We will face many 2 but we should face them bravely.I 3. to work hard.If you have any questions, please 4. to me.Don't 5. to ask.I 6. if we can finish all tasks on time.Our teachers 7. to support us.8. we are planning a sports meeting.The number of participants is rising 9. The school flag 10. our school spirit.We should take action 11. just talking.Let's try our best! 参考答案 1.promise;2.replied;3.to help;4.sharply;5.symbol;6.represents; (一)单句填空 7.without hesitation;8.schedule;9.challenge;10.currently;11.with; 12.instead of (二)短文填空 1.schedule;2.challenges;3.promise;4.reply;5.hesitate;6.wonder; 7.agree;8.Currently;9.sharply;10.represents;11.instead of A 教材同步语法全解全练 重点2 单元语法 基数词与序数词 项目 内容 定义 基数词表示数量，回答"多少个”；序数词 表示顺序，回答"第几个”。 核心用法 基数词表示数量、年龄、号码、时间等。序 数词表示顺序、日期、楼层、名次等。 基数词变序数词：1-3特殊变化(first, second,third);4-19大多加-th(注意 nine去掉e加th、five变f加th、eight只加 构成规律 h、twelve变f加th);整十数变y为ie加th; 多位数只变最后一位。 常见易错点：five→fifth;eight一→ eighth;twelve→twelfth.。 1.问数量：How many+可数名词复数+ ...-There are ten apples. 2.问顺序：What is the+序数词+名词？ 常用句型 -She is the first to arrive. 3.日期表达：It's October(the)first.或It's the first of October. 4.楼层表达：on the third floor 考点通关 单元语法 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) 1.There are months in a year:December is the month. A.twelve;twelfth B.twelfth;twelve C.twelve;twelve 2.-How many students are there in your class?- A.Thirty-first B.Thirty C.Thirteenth 3.Tom lives on the floor,and I live on the floor. A.ninth;fifth B.nine;five C.nineth;fifth 4.The lesson is very interesting.We all like it. A.three B.third C.threeth 5.May is the month of the year. A.five B.fifth C.fiveth 6.-What time is it?-It's A.seven twenty B.the seventh twenty C.seven twentieth 7.The boy is years old.Today is his birthday A.twelve;twelve B.twelfth;twelfth C.twelve;twelfth 8.There are eggs in the basket.Please give me the one. A.five;fif B.five;fifth C.fifth;five 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 用所给词的适当形弑填空。 1.There are (twenty)girls in my class. 2.My birthday is on June the (twelve). 3.Please read the (one)paragraph again. 4.Mike is the (three)student to get to school today. 5.They live on the (twenty)floor. 6.We have (nine)classes every day. 7.The (eight)picture is my favorite. 8.He is (eleven)years old,and his sister is (twelve). 9.The (four)season of the year is winter. 10.There are (seven)days in a week Sunday is the (one)day 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.A;2.B;3.A;4B;5.B;6.A;7.C;8.B 1.twenty;2.twelfth;3.first;4.third;5.twentieth; 语法专练二：语法填空 6.nine;7.eighth;8.eleven;twelve;9.fourth;10.seven; first A 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点3 文章句型 1.One of the earliest was called "tally sticks". 结构：One of+名词复数+was/were called..中的一个被称为. 短语：tally sticks计数棒 译：最早的方法之一被称为"“计数棒”。 2.Each "stick"stands for a thing we want to count. 结构：stands for代表，象征 短语：a thing we want to count我们想数数的东西 译：每一根“棍子”代表一个我们要数的东西。 3.Tally sticks are easy to understand,but it can take a long time to write down large numbers. 结构：It takes+时间+to do sth.做某事花费时间 短语：write down写下；large numbers大数字 译：计数棒容易理解，但要写下大数字可能会花很长时间。 4.To write "1,000",you have to draw a thousand tally sticks! 结构：To do sth,主句为了做某事，… 短语：have to不得不；draw画，划 译：要写"1000”，你必须画一千个计数棒！ 5.People began using different abstract symbols to represent different numbers. 结构：begin doing sth..开始做某事 短语：abstract symbols抽象符号；represent代表 译：人们开始使用不同的抽象符号来表示不同的数字。 6.Researchers do not know exactly how this happened. 结构：do not know exactly how..不确定..…是如何发生的 短语：how this happened这是如何发生的 译：研究人员并不确切知道这是如何发生的。 (7.These Indian numerals became popular,and people in the Arab world started using them too. 结构：became+形容词变得... 短语：Indian numerals印度数字；the Arab world阿拉伯世界 译：这些印度数字变得流行，阿拉伯世界的人们也开始使用它们。 8.Thanks to the Arabs,this way of writing numbers spread to Europe and across the world. 结构：Thanks to+名词/代词，主句多亏了…。 短语：spread to传播到；across the world全世界 译：多亏了阿拉伯人，这种写数字的方式传到了欧洲和全世界。 9.The ancient Romans wrote numbers in a different way. 结构：in a different way以不同的方式 短语：ancient Romans古罗马人 译：古罗马人用不同的方式写数字。 10.The Roman numerals used to be the most common way of writing numbers in Europe. 结构：used to do sth.过去常常做某事 短语：the most common way最常见的方式 译：罗马数字曾经是欧洲最普遍的数字书写方式。 11.Today we still see them in many places,for example,on clock faces,on buildings or in books. 结构：for example例如 短语：clock faces钟面；in books在书中 译：今天我们在许多地方仍然能看到它们，例如在钟面、建筑物上或书里。 12.But Roman numerals are not as common as Arabic numerals,maybe because they are too difficult to use! 结构：not as.…as.不像..一样.… 短语：too difficult to use太难用 译：但罗马数字不像阿拉伯数字那么常见，也许是因为它们太难用了」 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：单项选择 1.One of the earliest counting methods called "tally sticks". A.was B.were C.is D.are 2.Each tally stick for a thing we want to count. A.stand B.stands C.standing D.stood 3.Tally sticks are easy to understand, it takes a long time to write large numbers. A.so B.and C.but D.or 4.To write "1000",you have to draw a tally sticks. A.thousand B.thousand of C.thousands D.thousands of 5.People began different symbols to represent numbers. A.use B.using C.used D.to using 6.Researchers don't know exactly how this A.happens B.happened C.happen D.happening 7.Indian numerals became popular,and people in the Arab world started them too. A.use B.used C.using D.to using 8. to the Arabs,this way of writing numbers spread to Europe. A.Thank B.Thanks C.Thanking D.Thanks with 9.The ancient Romans wrote numbers a different way. A.in B.on C.by D,with 10.Roman numerals used the most common way of writing numbers in Europe. A.to being B.to be C.be D.being 11.Today we still see Roman numerals in many places, on clock faces. A.such as B.like C.for example D.as 12.Roman numerals are not common as Arabic numerals. A.so B.as C.such D.more 练习二：完成句子 1最早的方法之一被称为“计数棒”。 One of the earliest methods "tally sticks". 2每一根棍子代表一个我们要数的东西。 Each stick a thing we want to count. 3计数棒容易理解，但写下大数字会花很长时间。 Tally sticks are easy to understand, it a long time to write down large numbers. 4.要写“1000”，你必须画干个计数棒。 To write "1000",you draw a thousand tally sticks. 5.人们开始使用不同的抽象符号来表示数字。 People began different abstract symbols represent numbers. 6.多亏了阿拉伯人，这种写数字的方式传到了全世界。 the Arabs,this way of writing numbers to the world. 7古罗马人用不同的方式写数字。 The ancient Romans wrote numbers a way 8.罗马数字曾经是欧洲最常见的书写数字的方式。 Roman numerals be the most common way of writing numbers in Europe. 9.今天我们在许多地方仍然能看到它们。 Today we still them in many places. 10.罗马数字不像阿拉伯数字那么常见。 Roman numerals are not common Arabic numerals. 练习三：翻译约子 1最早的数字方法之一被称为“计数棒”。 2每一根计数棒代表我们要数的一个东西。 3计数棒容易理解，但写下大数字要花很长时间。 4.要写“1000”，你不得不画一干个计数棒 5.人们开始使用不同的抽象符号来表示数字。 6.研究人员并不确切知道这是如何发生的。 7这些印度数字变得流行，阿拉伯世界的人们也开始使用它们。 8.多亏了阿拉伯人，这种书写数字的方式传到了欧洲和全世界。 9古罗马人用不同的方式写数字。 10.罗马数字曾经是欧洲最常见的数字书写方式。 参考答案 1.A;2.B;3.C;4.A;5.B;6.B;7.C;8.B;9.A;10.B;11.C; 练习一：单项选择 12.B 1.was called;2.stands for;3.but;takes;4have to;5.using; 练习二：完成句子 to;6.Thanks to;spread;7.in;different;8.used to;9.see; 10.as;as 练习三：翻译句子 One of the earliest methods was called "tally sticks". Each tally stick stands for a thing we want to count. Tally sticks are easy to understand,but it takes a long time to write down large numbers. To write "1000",you have to draw a thousand tally sticks! People began using different abstract symbols to represent numbers. Researchers do not know exactly how this happened. These Indian numerals became popular,and people in the Arab world started using them too. Thanks to the Arabs,this way of writing numbers spread to Europe and across the world. The ancient Romans wrote numbers in a different way. Roman numerals used to be the most common way of writing numbers in Europe A 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 A篇 Have you ever wondered how people counted in ancient times?Long before calculators and computers,humans needed ways to keep track of numbers.One of the earliest methods was using tally marks.People would carve lines on bones or wood to count animals,food,or days.Each line stood for one item.This simple method worked well for small numbers,but it became difficult when counting larger amounts. Around 3000 BC,the ancient Egyptians developed a more advanced system.They used pictures called hieroglyphs (to represent numbers.For example,a single stroke (meant "1",a heel bone meant "10",a coil of rope meant "100", and a lotus flower meant "1,000".With these symbols,they could write numbers much faster.However,the system still had problems-writing a number like "9,999" required many symbols. The biggest change came from India.Around the 5th century,Indian mathematicians invented a system with nine symbols(1-9)and a special symbol for zero.This place- value system made calculations much easier.Later,Arab traders brought these numbers to Europe,and they became known as "Arabic numerals".Today,we use them all over the world. The invention of zero was especially important.Without zero,you couldn't tell the difference between 12 and 102.Zero made mathematics more powerful,helping scientists and engineers solve complex problems. ()1.What was one problem with using tally marks? A.They were too difficult to carve. B.They took too much time for large numbers. C.They could only count animals. D.They were easy to understand. ()2.According to the passage,how did ancient Egyptians show the number 100? A.By carving a lotus flower. B.By drawing a heel bone C.By using a coil of rope. D.By writing nine strokes. ()3.Why is zero considered an important invention? A.It allowed people to count faster. B.It helped tell different numbers apart. C.It was used by Arab traders. D.It was the first number symbol. ()4.What is the best title for this passage? A.The History of Numbers B.How Egyptians Counted C.The Importance of Zero D.Arabic Numerals Today B篇 Numbers are not just for counting-they appear everywhere in our daily lives.Some numbers are so special that they have their own names and stories. Take the number 7 for example.In many cultures,seven is considered lucky.There are seven days in a week,seven colors in a rainbow,and seven continents on Earth.In some countries,people believe that finding a seven-leaf clover brings good luck. Because of its popularity,many hotels and buildings skip the 13th floor but never skip the 7th. The number 13 has a very different reputation.Many people think it is unlucky.Some buildings don't have a 13th floor-the numbers go from 12 to 14.In some cultures, people avoid having 13 guests at a dinner party.This fear of the number 13 even has a name:triskaidekaphobia. Then there is the number 0.It might seem like "nothing",but it changed mathematics forever.Before zero,people couldn't easily show an empty place.Zero made it possible to write numbers like 10,100,and 1,000.Without zero,we wouldn't have computers or modern science. Another interesting number is it(pi).It starts with 3.14159 and goes on forever without repeating.People have been trying to calculate it for thousands of years.Today, computers have figured out over 100 trillion digits of it! ()1.Why do some buildings skip the 13th floor? A.Because the number 13 is too difficult to write. B.Because people think 13 is unlucky. C.Because they want to save money. D.Because 13 is not a real number. ()2.Which of the following is TRUE about the number 7 according to the passage? A.It is considered unlucky in many cultures B.It appears in nature and daily life. C.Hotels never have a 7th floor. D.It was invented by mathematicians. ()3.What does the passage mainly talk about? A.How to use numbers in daily life. B.Special numbers and their stories. C.The history of mathematics. D.Why zero is important. 二、完形填空 Did you know that numbers have an interesting history?Long ago,people used different 1.to count things.Some used stones,some used sticks,and 2. used their fingers.But counting large numbers was 3. Around5,O00 years ago,the Sumerians苏美尔人)in Mesopotamia invented a clever system.They used a 4. to make marks on clay tablets.For the number 1,they made a small wedge ()For 10,they made a larger wedge.This was their way of 5. numbers. Later,the ancient Romans created 6. own number system.They used letters like l,V,X,L,C,D,and M.For example,Vll means 7 (5+1+1).But you can see that writing a number like 99 takes many 7.-XCIX. The number system we use today came from India.Indian mathematicians invented the symbols for 1 to 9,and 8.importantly,the symbol for zero.This system reached Europe 9.Arab traders,so people call them "Arabic numerals". Today,almost everyone in the world uses Arabic numerals.They are 10. because they make adding,subtracting,and multiplying so much easier. A.ways B.way C.things D.ideas A.the other B.others C.another D.other A.easy B.exciting C.hard D.interesting A.stick B.stone C.pen D.finger A.writing B.write C.writes D.wrote A.they B.them C.their D.theirs A.letters B.numbers C.symbols D.time A.more B.most C.much D.very A.thanks B.thank C.thanks to D.because A.popular B.easy C.difficult D.special 三、阅读短文回答问题 Do you know how numbers got their names?The word "digit"comes from the Latin word "digitus",which means "finger".That makes sense because people used their fingers to count! The number zero has a very long history.The ancient Babylonians used a space to show "nothing"around 300 BC.But they didn't have a symbol for it.Later,Indian mathematicians around 600 AD created a dot (for zero.They called it "sunya" which means "empty"in Sanskrit.When the Arabs learned this system,they translated "sunya"into "sifr".In Latin,"sifr"became "zephirum",and later changed into "zero"in Italian.That's how we got the word "zero". The number 1 is also interesting.The shape of "1"might come from a single stroke ()-a line.In many ancient counting systems,a vertical or horizontal line stood for "one".Over time,people just kept using that simple line. For numbers 2,3,4,and so on,their shapes changed a lot through history.The Indian symbols looked quite different from what we use today.For example,the old Indian symbol for "2"looked like two lines,and "3"looked like three lines.Gradually, these symbols became simpler and easier to write. Today,when you write the number 8,you might not know it used to look like two circles on top of each other!The history of numbers is full of changes and surprises. 1.What does the word "digit"mean in Latin? 2.Who first created a symbol for zero? 3.How did the word "zero"finally come into English from Indian "sunya" 4.According to the passage,what did the old Indian symbol for "3"look like? 5.What is the passage mainly about? 四、短文填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单 词。) ancient become easy find invent one possible so symbol they Do you know that the number 0 was a great 1.?Long ago,people could count 1,2,3,but they didn't have a way to show "nothing".The 2. Babylonians left a space,but it was confusing. Around 600 AD,Indian mathematicians 3.a dot for zero.This small 4 changed everything!With zero,writing numbers like 10 and 100 became 5. But it took a long time for zero to 6.popular in Europe.Many people didn't understand it at 7. Today,zero is everywhere.Without zero,we couldn't have computers or modern science.8.,zero is one of the most important numbers.9.job is to show an empty place,but it makes big numbers 10. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 7 8. 9. 10 五、导作 话题：Numbers in Our Daily Life 提示： 1.列举生活中你用到数字的地方（至少三个）。 2.说明数字为什么重要。 3如果你要发明一个新的数字符号，它会是什么样子？为什么？ 4.你对数字的看法是什么？ 要求：80词左右，语句通顺，语法正确。 参考答案 一、 阅读理 A篇：1.B2.C3.B4.A 解 B篇：1.B2.B3.B 二、完形填 1.A;2.B;3.C;4.A;5.A;6.C;7.C;8.B;9.C;10.A 空 1.finger 2.Indian 三、阅读短 3.zero 文回答问题 4.three lines 5.history/origin 四、短文填 1.invention 2.ancient 3.found 4.symbol 5.easier 6.become 7.first 8.So 9 空 Their 10.possible 五、写作 范文： Numbers in Our Daily Life Numbers are everywhere in my life.I use numbers to tell the time on my watch,to check the price when I buy things,and to read the temperature on the weather report. Numbers are important because they help us measure and understand the world. Without numbers,we couldn't plan our day or do science.If I could invent a new number symbol,I would design a star shape for "infinity"().It would remind us that numbers never end.I think numbers are amazing-they are a universal language that everyone understands.