Unit 4 Inventions-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册知识点精讲（沪教版）

U4nventions 知识点精讲 although;attach;international;depend;doubt;personally;predicti ⊙单元核心词汇 on;benefit;distance;avoid;mixture;take place;depend on;without doubt,make fun of 。单元同步语法 good/bad/far比较等级；原级比较not as.…as 。单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 1.although/:'au/conj.虽然；尽管 词形变化：无（连词） 用法：引导让步状语从句，不与but连用。 例句：Although it rained,we went out.虽然下雨了，我们仍然出去了。 2.attach/'taet"/l v.附上，连接；依恋 词形变化：attached(过去式/过去分词)；attachment(n.附件；依恋) 搭配：attach..to..把…附在…上 例句：Please attach a photo to the form.请把照片附在表格上。 3.international/,Inte'naefnel/adj..国际的 词根：inter--(在…之间)+national(国家的) 词形变化：internationally(adv.) 例句：The UN is an international organization..联合国是一个国际组织。 4.depend/dI'pend/v.依赖；取决于 词形变化：depends(三单)；dependent(adj.依赖的)；dependence(n.) 搭配：depend on依靠；取决于 例句：You can depend on him.你可以信赖他。 The answer depends on the question.答案取决于问题。 5.doubt/daut/n.N.怀疑；疑虑 词形变化：doubtful(adj.怀的)；doubtless(adv.无疑地) 搭配：without doubt毫无疑问 例句：I doubt his story..我怀疑他的故事。 Without doubt,he is the best.毫无疑问，他是最好的。 6.personally/'p3:seneli/adv.就个人而言；亲自 词根：person（人)+-al+y 词形变化：personal(adj.个人的)；personality(n.个性) 例句：Personally,.I like this movie.就个人而言，我喜欢这部电影。 7.prediction/pr'drkfn/n.预测；预言 词根：pre-(之前)+dict(说)+-ion 词形变化：predict(v.);predictable(adj.可预测的) 例佝：The prediction came true.这个预测成滇了。 8.benefit/benIfrt/.n.好处；利谥v.受益 词根：bene(好)+fit(做) 词形变化：beneficial(adj.有益甜的) 搭配：benefit from从.中受益 例句：Exercise benefits our health.运动有益健康。 We benefit from reading.我们从阅读中受益。 9.distance/'drstens/n.距离；远处 词根：dis-(分开)+stance(站) 词形变化：distant(adj.遥远的) 搭配：in the distance在远处 例佝：The school is a short distance away.学校离得不远。 10.avoid/e'vord/v.避奂；回避 词形变化：avoided(过去式)；avoiding(现在分词)；avoidance(n.) 搭配：avoid doing sth.避奂做某事 例句：You should avoid making mistakes.你应该避奂犯错。 11.mixture/'mIkstfe(r)Mn.混合物；混合 词根：miⅸ（混合）+-ture(名词后缀) 词形变化：miⅸ(M.);mixed(adj.混合的) 例佝：The cake is a mixture of flour and eggs.蛋糕是面粉和鸡蛋的混合物。 12.take place短语.发生；举行 注意：无被动语态，多指计划中的事件。 例句：The meeting will take place next week.会议将在下周举行。 13.make fun of短语.取笑；嘲笑 例佝：Don't make fun of others.不要取笑别人。 考点通关 单元词汇 (一)单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1. it rained heavily,they still went hiking.(although) 2.Please_ the document to the email.(attach) 3.The meeting will be held in Shanghai.(international) 4.Whether we go or not on the weather.(depend) 5.There is no that he is honest.(doubtful) 6. I think this plan is a good one.(person) 7.The scientist made a about the future.(predict) 8.Regular exercise brings many to us.(beneficial) 9.Can you see the mountain in the ？(distant) 10.Try to eating too much sugar.(avoidance) 11.The drink is a of juice and water.(mix) 12.The sports meet will place next Friday.(take) 13.Don't fun of the disabled.(make) (二)短文填空 Scientists made a 1 that robots will help us a lot in the future. 2 I agree with them.3. some people 4. this idea, robots can 5. _us in many ways.For example,they can work in dangerous places and help us 6. risks.Also,they can be a 7. of Al and human effort.However,we should not 8. robots too much.Some important changes may 9 even without machines.And we should never 10. those who cannot use robots well.11. the future of robots is bright. 参考答案 1.Although;2.attach;3.international;4.depends;5.doubt;6.Personally; (一)单句填空 7.prediction;8.benefits;9.distance;10.avoid;11.mixture;12.take; 13.make (二)短文填空 1.prediction;2.Personally;3.Although;4.doubt;5.benefit;6.avoid; 7.mixture;8.depend on;9.take place;10.make fun of;11.Without doubt A 教材同步语法全解全练 重点2 单元语法 good/bad/far比较等级&原级比较not as..as 一、比较等级（比较级与最高级）的基本概念 比较级：用于两者之间的比较，表示"更”。 最高级：用于三者或三者以上的比较，表示“最…”。 原级：表示"和.…一样”或"不如”，常用not as...as结构。 二、规侧变化vs.不规则变化(good/bad/far) 原级 比较级 最高级 用法提示 指"好”或"健康、 good well better best 状态好” bad badly 指"坏差”或"糟 worse worst 糕地” farther/,farthest指 具体距离； far farther further farthest furthest further/furthest可 指抽象"进一步” 三、原级比较结构：not as.as 结构：A+be/实义动词+not as+原级形容词/副词+as+B. 意思：A不如B… 注意：形容词/副词用原形，不可加-er或more。 例句：This book is not as good as that one.(这本书不如那本好。) 肯定形式：as.as表示"和一样”。 四、常用句型与例句 类型 结构 例句 A+be+比较级+than+ Tom is better at math than 比较级 B Jerry. A+be+the+最高级+ This is the best film I have 最高级 范围 ever seen. 原级（肯定） A+be+as+原级+as+ He is as tall as his brother. B A+be+not as+原级+ 原级（否定） This problem is not as as +B difficult as that one. 五、特别提醒 注意good/wel‖的比较级和最高级相同。 far的两种比较级可互换，但farther更强调物理距离，further常用于抽象意义（如 further study进一步学习)。 考点通关 单元语法 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) 1.This book is than that one.I like it more. A.good B.better C.best D.well 2.My schoolbag is not asas yours. A.heavy B.heavier C.heaviest D.more heavy 3.-Which subject do you like,English or Chinese?-I like English. A.good;better B.better;best C.better;better D.best;best 4.The weather today is than yesterday.It's really bad. A.bad B.worse C.worst D.badly 5.My home is from school than yours.I have to take a bus. A.far B.farther C.farthest D.further 6.This story is not as as that one.I think that one is more interesting. A.interesting B.more interesting C.most interesting D.interested 7.Among all the students,Tom did in the exam. A.good B.better C.best D.well 8.If you want to get grades,you should study harder. A.good B.better C.best 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 用所给词的正确形式填空（注意比较等级和原级比较） 1.This movie is not as (interesting)as that one. 2.My father drives (careful)than my mother. 3.Who is the (good)student in your class? 4.I think this idea is even (bad)than the first one. 5.The library is (far)from my home than the museum. 6.To learn English well,you need to do (far)practice. 7.Which season do you like (well),spring or autumn? 8.This cake tastes not as (sweet)as I expected 9.She sings (badly)among the three girls. 10.Of all the stories,this one is the (exciting) 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.B;2.A;3.C;4.B;5.B;6.A;7.C;8.B 1.interesting;2.more carefully;3.best;4.worse;5. 语法专练二：语法填空 farther;6.further;7.better;8.sweet;9.the worst;10. most exciting A 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点3 文章句型 1.Humans continued walking for the next 94,000 years. 结构：continue doing sth.继续做某事 短语：for the next+时间段在接下来的...时间里 译：人类在接下来的94,000年里继续步行。 2.People started to ride horses. 结构：start to do sth.开始做某事（也可用start doing sth.) 译：人们开始骑马。 3.Transporting large amounts of goods was still a difficult job. 结构：动名词短语作主语(transporting large amounts of goods),谓语动词用 单数 短语：large amounts of+不可数名词大量的.… 译：运输大量货物仍然是一项困难的工作。 4.That all changed with the invention of the wheel. 结构：with+名词短语随着. 短语：the invention of..的发明 译：一切随着轮子的发明而改变。 5.The inventors probably first used wheels to make pottery. 结构：use sth.to do sth.使用某物做某事 译：发明者可能首先使用轮子来制作陶器。 6.Later,they realized that they could also use them to transport people and things. 结构：realize+that从句意识到.. 短语：transport people and things运输人和物 译：后来，他们意识到也能用轮子来运输人和物。 7.They soon attached wheels to horse-pulled vehicles. 结构：attach A to B把A固定在B上 短语：horse-pulled vehicles马拉的车 译：他们很快把轮子安装在马拉的车上。 8.Farmers were suddenly able to transport their goods to markets far away. 结构：be able to do sth.能够做某事 短语：markets far away远处的市场 译：农民突然能够把货物运到远处的市场。 9.This invention increased national and international trade. 短语：national and international trade国内和国际贸易 译：这项发明促进了国内和国际贸易。 10.The roads were old walking paths. 短语：walking paths步行小道 译：道路是古老的步行小道。 11.These old paths quickly became extremely difficult to use in wet weather. 结构：become+adj.+todo变得..（做起来） 短语：in wet weather在潮湿天气里 译：这些老路在潮湿天气里很快变得极其难用。 12.As a result,the first roads made of stone appeared after the arrival of the wheel. 短语：as a result因此；made of stone由石头制成的；the arrival of.的到 来 译：因此，在轮子出现之后，第一条石头路出现了。 13.The Romans then invented new road-building techniques. 短语：road-building techniques筑路技术 译：罗马人随后发明了新的筑路技术。 14.The new roads were very good,and we still use some of them today. 译：新路非常好，我们今天仍在使用其中一些。 15.The wheel not only changed the way humans move,but it also allowed us to build all types of amazing machines. 结构：not only..but also.不仅.而且 短语：the way humans move人类移动的方式；all types of各种各样的 译：轮子不仅改变了人类移动的方式，还让我们能够建造各种令人惊叹的机器。 16.Windmills,clocks and other machines all use wheels,and the Industrial Revolution depended on the wheel. 短语：depend on依赖，依靠 译：风车、钟表和其他机器都使用轮子，工业革命也依赖于轮子。 17.Even in our digitalized world,we still use wheels in devices such as 3D printers. 短语：digitalized world数字化的世界；devices such as像..这样的设备 译：即使在我们数字化的世界里，我们仍然在像3D打印机这样的设备中使用轮子。 18.Without doubt,the wheel is one of the most important inventions of all time. 短语：without doubt毫无疑问；one of+the+最高级+复数名词最.之- 译：毫无疑问，轮子是有史以来最重要的发明之一。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：单项选择 Humans continued for the next 94,000 years. A.walk B.walking C.walked D.to walking People started horses about 6,000 years ago. A.ride B.riding C.rode D.rides Transporting large amounts of goods a difficult job. A.are B.is C.were D.be The inventors used wheels pottery. A.make B.making C.to make D.made They realized that they use wheels to transport people. A.can B.could C.will D.would Farmers were able their goods to faraway markets. A.transport B.transporting C.to transport D.transported The first roads stone appeared after the wheel. A.made of B.made from C.made in D.made by The wheel not only changed the way we move, also allowed us to build amazing machines. A.but B.and C.so D.or The Industrial Revolution the wheel. A.depended on B.depended in C.depended for I D.depended at Without doubt,the wheel is one of inventions of all time. A.important B.more important C.most important D.the most important 练习二：完成句子 1.人类继续行走了94,000年。 for 94,000 years. 2运输大量的货物很困难。 large of goods was difficult. 3.一切随着轮子的发明而改变。 That all changed the of the wheel. 4.他们用轮子制作陶器。 They wheels make pottery. 5.他们把轮子固定在马拉的车上。 They wheels horse- pulled vehicles. 6.农民能够把货物运到远处的市场。 Farmers to transport goods to faraway markets. 7老路在潮湿天气里变得极其难用。 The old paths became difficult to use wet weather 8.因此，出现了石头路。 stone roads appeared. 9轮子不仅改变了人类移动的方式，还让我们建造了机器。 The wheel only changed the way humans move, also allowed us to build machines 10毫无疑问，轮子是最重要的发明之一。 the wheel is one of the most important inventions. 练习三：翻译约子 1.人类在10万年前开始步行。 2骑马让人们走得更远更快。 3.轮子的发明改变了运输。 4.他们意识到轮子可以运输人和物。 5.农民突然能够把货物卖到远方。 6.罗马人发明了新的筑路技术。 7我们至今仍在使用一些古罗马道路。 8许多机器都依赖于轮子。 9.在数字化的世界里，我们仍然使用轮子。 10轮子是有史以来最重要的发明之一。 参考答案 练习一：单项选择 1.B2.B3.B4.C5.B6.C7.A8.A9.A10.D 1.continued walking;2.Transporting;amounts;3.with; 练习二：完成句子 invention;4.used;to;5.attached;to;6.were able; 7.extremely;in;8.As;result;9.not;but;10.Without doubt 1.Humans started walking 100,000 years ago.;2.Riding horses allowed people to go further and faster.;3.The invention of the wheel changed transportation.;4.They realized that the wheel could transport people and things.; 练习三：翻译句子 5.Farmers were suddenly able to sell their goods far away; 6.The Romans invented new road-building techniques. 7.We still use some of the Roman roads today.;8.Many machines depend on the wheel.;9.In a digitalized world,we still use wheels.;10.The wheel is one of the most important inventions of all time. 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 A篇 The wheel is one of the most important inventions in history.When the first humans decided to leave their homes over 100,000 years ago,they did it on foot.Humans continued walking across the globe for the next 94,000 years,until about 6,000 years ago when many changes took place.In Kazakhstan,people started to ride horses. Although horses helped people travel faster,transporting goods was still difficult. That all changed with the invention of the wheel.The inventors probably first used wheels to make pottery.Later,they realized that they could also use them to transport people and things.Farmers were suddenly able to transport their goods to markets far away.This invention increased trade. The wheel not only changed the way humans move,but also allowed us to build amazing machines.Windmills,clocks and other machines all use wheels.Without doubt,the wheel is one of the most important inventions of all time ()1.How did the first humans travel when leaving home over 100,000 years ago? A.By horse. B.By wheel. C.On foot. D.By boat ()2.What does the underlined word "transported"in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A制造 B.运输 C.购买 D.出售 ()3.Why did farmers benefit from the wheel according to the passage? A.Because they could ride horses faster. B.Because they could make pottery at home. C.Because they could send goods to far markets. D.Because they could build new roads themselves ()4.What is the best title for the passage? A.The History of Horses B.The Invention of the Wheel C.How to Build Machines D.The Life of Ancient Farmers B篇 Do you know how people communicated before the telephone?In the past,sending messages was very slow.People used letters,and it could take weeks or even months to get a reply.However,everything changed with the invention of the telegraph and later the telephone. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.He was trying to help deaf people when he made this great invention.The first telephone call was very simple. Bell said to his assistant,"Mr.Watson,come here.I want to see you."This call changed the world forever. The telephone made communication much faster.People could talk to each other even if they were far away.Later,mobile phones were invented.Today,we use smartphones for almost everything.Although telephones have changed a lot,their basic idea stays the same:helping people connect. Some people worry that we depend too much on phones.They say we spend too much time looking at screens.But without doubt,the telephone is one of the most useful inventions in history. ()1.How did people mainly communicate before the telephone according to the passage? A.By telegraph. B.By letters. C.By mobile phones. D.By talking face to face. ()2.Why did Alexander Graham Bell invent the telephone? A.To make money B.To help deaf people. C.To win a competition. D.To talk to his assistant. ()3.What does the underlined word "they"in Paragraph 3 refer to? A.People. B.Telephones. C.Letters. D.Screens. ()4.What is the writer's attitude towards the telephone? A.It is too slow. B.It is a useful invention. C.It makes people lazy. D.It should be replaced 二、完形填空 Do you know how the wheel changed the world?The wheel is 1. of the most important inventions in history.It 2.how people travel and work When the first humans decided 3.their homes,they did it on foot.Humans continued walking until about 6,000 years ago.Then,people started to ride horses.4. horses helped people travel faster,transporting goods was still difficult.That all changed with the 5.of the wheel. The inventors probably first used wheels to make pottery.6. they realized that wheels could also transport people and things.Farmers were suddenly able to transport 7. goods to markets far away.This invention increased trade The wheel also helped 8. build amazing machines.Windmills and clocks all use wheels.As a result,the first roads 9. stone appeared.Without 10. the wheel is one of the greatest inventions of all time. A.one B.first C.once D.only A.change B.changes C.changed D.changing A.leave B.leaving C.to leave D.left A.Because B.Although C.So D.When A.invention B.inventor C.invent D.invented A.Late B.Lately C.Later D.Latest A.they B.them C.their D.theirs A.we B.us C.our D.ourselves A.make of B.made of C.making of D.to make of A.doubt B.doubting C.doubted D.doubtful 三、阅读短文回答问题 Do you know who invented the first car?The first car was invented by Karl Benz in 1885.He was a German engineer.His car had three wheels and could run at a speed of about 16 km per hour.People thought it was a strange machine at first. However,the car changed people's life greatly.Before cars,people depended on horses for travel.Cars were faster and more convenient.Later,Henry Ford improved the car. He made cars cheaper so that more people could buy them. Today,cars are very common.But they also bring problems.Cars produce pollution, and traffic jams are a big problem in big cities.Some people think we should use more public transport.Others believe that electric cars can help solve the problem.Without doubt,cars have both advantages and disadvantages. 1.When was the first car invented? 2.What nationality was Karl Benz? 3.How did people feel about the first car at first? 4.What problems do cars bring according to the passage? 5.What do some people think can help solve the car problems? 四、短文填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单 词。) invent,although,attach,benefit,distance,avoid,prediction,personal,depend,doubt The wheel is a great 1..It changed the way humans move.2._ the first humans walked,later they used horses.Then people 3.wheels to horse-pulled vehicles.This helped farmers transport goods over a long 4._ The wheel brought many 5.to people.6.,I think it is one of the most important inventions.Without 7.,we cannot imagine modern life.Some scientists made a 8. that future cars will use better wheels.The development of the wheel does not 9. on luck.We should 10.wasting this great invention. 1. 2. 3. 4 5 6. 7 8. 9. 10. 五、写作 话题：My Favorite Invention 1.你最喜欢的发明是什么？ 2.你为什么喜欢它？ 3.它如何改变了人们的生活？ 4你对它未来的发展有什么期待？ 要求：80词左右，语句通顺，语法正确。 参考答案 一、阅读理 A篇：1.C2.B3.C4.B 解 B篇：1.B2.B3.A4.B 二、完形填 1.A;2.C;3.C;4.B;5.A;6.C;7.C;8.B;9.B;10.A 空 三、阅读短 1.ln1885. 文回答问题 2.German. 3.They thought it was a strange machine. 4.Pollution and traffic jams. 5.Electric cars Using more public transport. 四、短文填 1.invention 2.Although 3.attached 4.distance 5.benefits 6.Personally 7. 空 doubt 8.prediction 9.depend 10.avoid 五、写作 范文： My favorite invention is the wheel.It was invented thousands of years ago,but it still plays an important role in our life.The wheel makes travel and transportation much easier.Without it,we could not have cars,trains,or even bicycles.It also helped build many amazing machines.I believe that the wheel will continue to help us in the future. Maybe people will invent even better wheels for new kinds of vehicles.