Unit 3 Same or Different（上）-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册知识点精讲（人教版）

Unit 3 Same or Different 知识点精讲（上） compare loud outgoing hard working perform alone 。单元核心词汇 solve congratulations prize attend spare,spare time pleasure appearance personality serious population 。单元同步语法 形容词比较级(-er /more形式) 。单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 1.compare/kam'pes(r)/v.比较；对t比 词形变化：comparison(n.比较)；comparative(adj.比较的) 搭配：compare Awith B把A和B比较 例句：Don't compare yourself with others.不要把自己和别人比较。 2.oud/laud/adj.响亮的；大声的 词形变化：louder(比较级)；loudest(最高级)；loudly(adv.大声地) 搭配：in a loud voice大声地 例佝：The music is too loud.音乐太吵了。 3.outgoing/,aut'geIn/adj.外向的；友好的 词形变化：more outgoing(比较级)；most outgoing(最高级) 搭配：an outgoing person一个外向的人 例句：My sister is more outgoing than me.我妹妹比我更外向。 4.hard-working/,had'w3:kan/adj.勤奋的；努力工作的 词形变化：more hard-working(比较级)；most hard-working(最高级) 搭配：a hard-working student一个勤奋的学生 例句：She is a hard-.working girl..她是一个勤奋的女孩。 5.perform /pe'fom/v.表演；做；执行 词形变化：performer(n.表演者)；performance(n.表演) 搭配：perform a play表演部戏漏剧 例佝：They will perform a dance at the party.他们将在聚会上表演舞蹈。 6.alone/e'leun/adj.&adv.独自的地) 词形变化：lonely(adj.孤独的，强调情感) 搭配：live alone独自居住；leave sb alone不打扰某人 例佝：He likes to do his homework alone..他喜欢独自做作业。 7soe/splv/v.解决 词形变化：solution(n.解决方法) 搭配：solve a problem解决问题 例句：We should try to solve the math problem.我们应该努力解决这道数学题。 8.congratulations]/kan,graetfu'ler nz/n.祝贺（常用复数） 词形变化：congratulate(v.祝贺) 搭配：congratulations on sth祝贺某事 例佝：Congratulations on your success!祝贺你成功！ 9.prize/praIz/n.奖品；奖金 词形变化：prizewinner(n.获奖者) 搭配：win a prize赢得奖品 例句：She won first prize in the competition.她在比赛中获得了等奖。 10.attend/e'tend/v..参加；出席 词形变化：attendance(n.出席)；attention(n.注意) 搭配：attend a meeting参加会议 例句：I will attend Jenny's birthday party..我将参加珍妮的生日派对。 11.spare/spes(r)/adj.空闲的；多余的v.抽出（时间） 词形变化：sparing(adj.节省的) 搭配：spare time空闲时间；in one's spare time在某人的空闲时间 例句：I like reading in my spare time..我喜欢在空闲时间读书。 12.pleasure/'ple3a(r)/n.快乐；愉快 词形变化：pleasant(adj.令人愉快的)；pleased(adj.高兴的) 搭配：with pleasure乐意地；my pleasure不客气 例句：It's a pleasure to help you.帮助你是件乐事。 13.appearance/e'prerens/.n.外貌；出现 词形变化：appear(N.出现；显得) 搭配：judge by appearance以貌取人 例句：Don't judge a person by his appearance..不要以貌取人. 14.personality/.p3:sa'naei/n.个性；性格 词形变化：personal(adj.个人的)；person(n.人) 搭配：a strong personality坚强的个性 例句：She has a friendly personality.她性格友好。 15.serious/'sIeries./adj.严肃舶的；认真的；严重動的 词形变化：seriously(adv.严肃地；严重地) 搭配：be serious about对.认真 例句：He is serious about his study.他对学习很认真。 16.population/,popju'lerJn/n.人口；人口数量 词形变化：populate(v.居住于) 搭配：the population of..的人口 例句：The population of this city is very large..这个城市的人口非常多。 考点通关 单元词汇 (一）单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.Please don't speak so (loud)in the library. 2.Tom is more (outgoing)than his brother. 3.We should work (hard)to achieve our dreams 4.The singer will (perform)two songs at the concert 5.She lives (alone)but she doesn't feel lonely 6.Can you help me (solve)this mystery? 7. (congratulations)on passing the exam! 8.He won a_ (prize)in the writing contest. 9.How many students will (attend)the party? 10.I often read books in my_ (spare)time. 11.It's a (pleasure)to meet you 12.She is very_ (serious)about her homework. 13.The city's (population)is about two million. 14.Don't judge a book by its (appearance). 15.Everyone has a different (personality). (二)短文填空 Dear friends,I'm happy to share my ideas with you.First,don't 1. (compare)yourself with others.Everyone is special.Second,be 2 (outgoing)and make more friends.Third,work 3. (hard)every day.Fourth, you can 4. (perform)your talent in front of others.Fifth,don't be 5 (alone)all the time.Join a club!Sixth,learn to 6. (solve) problems by yourself.Seventh,say 7._ (congratulations)to your friends when they succeed.Eighth,don't be too 8. (serious)about small things. Ninth,enjoy your 9. (spare)time.Tenth,remember:a person's 10. (personality)is more important than 11. (appearance).Finally, the 12. (population)of our school is growing.Let's all be nice to each other! 参考答案 1.loud;2.outgoing;3.hard;4.perform;5.alone;6.solve; (一）单句填空 7.Congratulations;8.prize;9.attend;10.spare;11.pleasure;12.serious; 13.population;14.appearance;15.personality 1.compare;2.outgoing;3.hard;4.perform;5.alone;6.solve; (二)短文填空 7.congratulations;8.serious;9.spare;10.personality;11.appearance; 12.population 教材同步语法全解全练 重点2 单元语法 形容词比较级(-er/more形式) 类别 构成规则 示例 tall→taller,fast→faster, nice→nicer,big→bigger, 单音节及部分双音节形容词 词尾加-er heay→heavier(变y为i加 er) beautiful→more beautiful,interesting 多音节及部分双音节形容词 前面加more more interesting,popular →more popular good/well→better, 不规则变化 特殊形式 bad/badly→worse, many/much-more,little →less 用法：用于两者之间的比较，结构为"A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B”。 例如：This book is more interesting than that one. 注意： >比较级前可用much,a little,even,far等副词修饰，表示程度，如much taller a little better。 >双写末尾辅音字母加-r的情况：以重读闭音节结尾且未尾只有一个辅音字母，如 big→bigger,hot--→notter。 ,以字母y结尾且y前是辅音字母的形容词，变y为i再加-er,如happy-→happier easy→easier。 >部分双音节形容词（如clever;common,friendly)既可用-er也可用more,初中阶 段主要掌握规顾则变化。 考点通关 单元语法 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) 1.Tom is than his brother. A.tall B.taller C.tallest D.more tall 2.This movie is than that one. A.interesting B.more interesting C.most interesting D.interestinger 3.My sister is at English than me. A.good B.well C.better D.best 4.Which is the sun or the moon? A.big B.bigger C.biggest D.more big 5.|feel much today. A.good B.better C.best D.well 6.She is than her mother. A.more beautiful B.beautifuler C.most beautiful D.beautiful 7.The weather is getting A.hot and hot B.hotter and hotter C.more hot and more hot D.hottest 8.-Who is Lucy or Lily?-Lily is. A.outgoing B.more outgoing C.most outgoing D.outgoinger 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 用所给形容词的适当形式填空（比较级形弑） 1.This book is (interesting)than that one. 2.He is (tall)than his father 3.She does her homework (careful)than before 4.My room is a little (big)than yours. 5.Tom is (friendly)than his brother. 6.Which is (good),this one or that one? 7.The weather today is much (bad)than yesterday. 8.She sings (beautiful)than her sister. 9.This film is even (boring)than that one. 10.He is (lazy)than his brother. 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.B;2.B;3.C;4.B;5.B;6.A;7.B;8.B 1.more interesting;2.taller;3.more careful;4.bigger; 语法专练二：语法填空 5.more friendly;6.better;7.worse;8.more beautiful; 9.more boring;10.lazier 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点3 文章句型 (1.Some people think that friends should be alike,but some other people think that friends should be different. s结构：Some people think that..but some other people think that. 中文：一些人认为朋友应该相似，但另一些人认为朋友应该不同。 句型：think that+从句（宾语从句） (2.What do you think?Should friends be similar or different? 结构：What do you think?+一般疑问向 中文：你怎么认为？朋友应该相似还是不同？ 3.I think a good friend is like a mirror.You can understand people by knowing their friends. 结构：A is like B(A像B);by doing sth.(通过做某事) 中文：我认为好朋友就像一面镜子。你可以通过了解他们的朋友来理解人们。 4.We often hang out together because we have similar hobbies and interests. 结构：hang out together(一起出去玩)；because+原因状语从句 中文：我们经常一起出去玩，因为我们有相似的爱好和兴趣。 5.He plays badminton better than I do,so he always wins our matches. 结构：比较级+than+主语+do/does;so+结果句 中文：他打羽毛球比我好，所以他总是赢我们的比赛。 6.Because of that,I try harder when I practise,and now I'm getting better at badminton. 结构：try harder(更加努力)；get better at sth.(在某方面变得更好) 短语：because of+名词/代词（由于..） 中文：因为那一点，我在练习时更加努力，现在我的羽毛球打得越来越好了。 7.He is as serious as me. 结构：as+形容词原级+as(和..一样.…) 中文：他和我一样认真。 8.We often share interesting books with each other. 结构：share sth.with sb.(与某人分享某物)；each other(彼此) 中文：我们经常互相分享有趣的书。 9.I don't agree.For me,friends who are different make me better. 结构：who引导的定语从句修饰ifriends;make+宾语+形容词（使某人/某 物…)】 中文：我不同意。对我来说，不同的朋友让我变得更好。 10.I think we should respect each other's differences and learn from each other. 结构：should+动词原形（应该做某事）；respect each other's differences(尊 重彼此的不同)；learn from each other(互相学习) 中文：我认为我们应该尊重彼此的不同，互相学习。 11.Thanks to her,I am becoming more outgoing. 结构：thanks to+名词/代词（多亏了.…）；become+比较级形容词（变得.. 更…) 中文：多亏了她，我正变得更外向了。 12.He is not afraid to give his opinion,especially when he thinks I am making a mistake. 结构：be afraid to do sth.(害怕做某事)；give one's opinion(给出某人的意 见)；make a mistake(犯错误) 中文：他不害怕给出他的意见，尤其是当他觉得我在犯错误的时候。 13.I am less straightforward than he is,but I am glad to have an honest friend. 结构：less+形容词原级+than(不如…)；be glad to do sth.(很高兴做某 事) 中文：我不如他直率，但我很高兴有一个诚实的朋友。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：单项选择（从A、B、C、D中选出一个最佳答案） 1.Some people think friends should be 2.Matt thinks a good friend is like 3.Matt and Stephen often hang out together they have similar interests. 4.Stephen plays badminton Matt. 5.Because Stephen always wins,Matt when he practises. 6.Matt is serious as Stephen. 7.Diana thinks friends who are different can make her 8.Thanks to Yuan Lei,Diana is becoming 9.Zhang Yong is not afraid to give his opinion when he thinks Diana 10.Diana is glad to have an honest friend because she is straightforward than Zhang Yong. 练习二：完成句子（根据中文提示，每空一词，完成英文句子） 1.一些人认为朋友应该相似，但另一些人认为朋友应该不同。 Some people think friends should be but people think friends should be different. 2你怎么认为？朋友应该相似还是不同？ do you think?Should friends be or different? 3.一个好朋友就像一面镜子。 A good friend is 4.我们经常一起出去玩，因为我们有相似的爱好。 We often together because we have similar hobbies. 5.他打羽毛球比我好。 He plays badminton l do 6.因为那点，我更加努力练习。 that,I try harder when I practise. 7他和我一样认真。 He is as me. 8互相分享有趣的书。 Share interesting books 9.多亏了她，我正变得更外向了。 her,I am becoming more outgoing. 10.我不如他直率，但我很高兴有一个诚实的朋友。 I am straightforward than he is,but I am glad have an honest friend. 练习三：翻译句子（根据英文提示，将句子翻译成中文或英文） 1.你认为朋友应该相以还是不同？ Do you think friends should be or 2我不同意。对我来说，不同的朋友让我变得更好。 I don't me,friends who are different make me 3我们应该尊重彼比的不同，互相学习。 We should each other's and learn each other. 4.他不害怕给出他的意见，尤其是当他觉得我在犯错误的时候。 He is not to give his especially when he thinks I making a mistake. 5.她有一种很好的幽默感。 She has a great sense of 6.通过了解他们的朋友，你可以理解人们。 You can understand people by their friends 7.他和我一样认真。 8.我们经常互相分享有趣的书。 9多亏了她，我正变得更外向了。 10我很高兴有一个诚实的朋友。 参考答案 1.D 2.B 3.c 4.B 练习一：单项选择 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.c 10.c 1.alike;other;2.What;similar;3.like;mirror;4.hang out; 练习二：完成句子 5.better than;6.Because of;7.as serious;8.with each other; 9.Thanks to;10.less;to 1.similar;different;2.agree;For;better;3.respect;differences; from;4.afraid;opinion;am;5.humour;6.knowing;7.He is as 练习三：翻译句子 serious as me.;8.We often share interesting books with each other.;9.Thanks to her,I am becoming more outgoing.;10.1 am glad to have an honest friend. A 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 C篇 Friendship is an important part of our lives.Some people believe that a good friend should be similar to them,while others think that friends who are different can bring more fun.In my opinion,both ideas have their own advantages. My best friend,Li Ming,and I are quite similar in many ways.We both enjoy reading science books and playing basketball.Whenever we have free time,we go to the library together or play basketball on the school playground.Because we have the same hobbies,we always have a lot of topics to talk about.We can understand each other easily,and we often help each other with our studies.For example,when I have trouble with math,he explains it to me patiently.In return,I help him improve his English.We push each other to do better. However,I also have a friend named Wang Fang,who is very different from me.I am a shy person,but she is outgoing and active.She likes to try new things and meet new people.At first,I felt uncomfortable when she took me to parties or introduced me to her friends.But gradually,I became more open and confident.Thanks to her,I have learned to enjoy social activities.She also encourages me to speak in front of others, which has helped me a lot in class. From my experience,I think both similar and different friends can benefit us.Similar friends make us feel comfortable and understood,while different friends help us grow and learn new things.The key is to respect each other's differences and learn from each other. ()1.What do the writer and Li Ming have in common? A.They both like reading science books. B.They both enjoy playing football. C.They both have trouble with math. D.They are both shy. ()2.How did Wang Fang influence the writer? A.She made the writer more shy B.She taught the writer how to play basketball. C.She helped the writer become more outgoing D.She asked the writer to help her with English. ()3.What does the writer think of similar and different friends? A.Similar friends are better than different ones. B.Different friends are more helpful. C.Both kinds of friends have their own benefits. D.Friends should be exactly the same. ()4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A.The writer and Li Ming never help each other. B.Wang Fang is a shy person like the writer. C.The writer learned to enjoy social activities because of Wang Fang. D.The writer thinks friends must be similar. ()5.What is the best title for this passage? A.How to Make Friends B.Similar or Different Friends? C.My Best Friend Li Ming D.The Importance of Friendship D篇 Making friends is not always easy,especially for teenagers.But scientists have found some interesting ways that can help you become a better friend. First,be a good listener.When your friends talk,look into their eyes and show that you are interested.Don't interrupt them or play with your phone.A study shows that people who listen carefully are more likely to be trusted by others.For example,if your classmate tells you about a problem,you can say,"I understand how you feel" instead of giving advice right away. Second,share your feelings.True friendship needs honesty.If you are happy,tell your friends why.If you are sad,let them know.When you open your heart,your friends will feel closer to you.But remember,don't complain too much,or others may feel tired. Third,do small kind things.You don't need to do big things to show you care.A simple "thank you"or a small gift on a friend's birthday can make a big difference.Even sharing your snack during break can strengthen your friendship. Finally,be reliable.If you promise to help your friend with homework,keep your word. Friends who always break their promises will lose trust.A survey of 500 teenagers found that reliability is the most important quality in a friend. In short,making friends is a skill that can be learned.By listening,sharing,doing kind things,and being reliable,you can build strong and lasting friendships. ()1.According to the passage,what should you do when your friend is talking? A.Look at your phone. B.Give advice immediately. C.Listen carefully and show interest. D.Interrupt and tell your own story. ()2.Why is it important to share your feelings with friends? A.Because it makes you popular. B.Because it helps you solve problems. C.Because it makes friends feel closer. D.Because it stops you from complaining. ()3.Which of the following is an example of "doing small kind things"? A.Helping a friend with a big project. B.Buying an expensive gift for a friend. C.Sharing your snack with a friend. D.Promising to do something but forgetting it. ()4.What does the underlined word "reliability"in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A.The quality of being funny. B.The quality of being honest and trustworthy C.The quality of being rich. D.The quality of being smart. ()5.What is the passage mainly about? A.How to keep secrets for friends. B.How to become a better friend. C.Why it's hard to make friends. D.What scientists say about friendship. 二、完形填空 Dear Tom, Thank you for your letter.You asked me about my best friend.I'd like to 1. you something about her. My best friend is Alice.We have been friends for five years.We are 2. in some ways,but we are also different.For example,I am quiet,3.she is very outgoing.She likes to talk and laugh,while I prefer to read books alone.However,we both enjoy music and 4.a lot of time listening to songs together. Alice is very kind.5.I feel sad,she always stays with me and tries to cheer me up.She is also good at 6.problems.Last week,I had a fight with my classmate. I didn't know what to do,so I 7.her for help.She listened to me and gave me some good advice.8.her help,I solved the problem and made up with my classmate. I think a good friend is like a gift.We should 9. each other's differences and learn from each other.Thanks to Alice,I have become more confident and 10. I am lucky to have such a wonderful friend. What about you?Do you have a best friend?I'm looking forward to your reply. Yours, Lucy A.ask B.tell C.teach D.write A.same B.different C.similar D.friendly A.but B.and C.so D.or A.take B.cost C.spend D.pay A.When B.Because C.Although D.If A.solving B.making C.finding D.causing A.asked B.answered C.told D.called A.Without B.With C.For D.Under A.find B.respect C.change D.forget A.shyer B.sadder C.happier D.quieter 三、阅读短文回答问题 Everyone needs friends.But what kind of friends should we choose?Some people think a friend should be like them,while others believe that opposites attract.I think both ideas have something right. My name is Jack.I am a sports lover.I play basketball every day after school.My best friend,Peter,is also crazy about sports.We often play basketball together and watch games on TV.We have similar hobbies,so we always have fun together.But we are not exactly the same.Peter is more patient than me.When I get angry easily,he always calms me down.He helps me become a better person. On the other hand,I have another friend named Mary.She is very different from me. While I am active and love outdoor activities,Mary is quiet and enjoys painting.At first, I didn't understand her hobby.But she taught me to slow down and enjoy the beauty of art.Now I sometimes join her in painting,and I find it relaxing.She also learns to play basketball with me.We learn from each other and become better. In my opinion,whether friends are similar or different,the most important thing is that they are honest,kind,and supportive.True friends accept you for who you are and help you grow. 1.Where is Tom from? 2.How does Peter help Jack when Jack gets angry? 3.What does Mary enjoy doing? 4.What does Jack think is the most important in a friend? 5.Do you think friends should be similar or different?Give one reason. 四、短文填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单 词。) although care close difference friend happy like make real spend Hello,everyone!My name is Zhang Wei.I am in 1.7,Class 2.This is my first day at this school.I want to 2.myself to you. I have a 3.name-Zhang.And my first name is Wei.I am from Shanghai.I hope to make 4.with all of you. Look!This is my new 5.,Li Hua.He is from Beijing.We are in the 6. class.He is very 7.and helpful.We often study together. Oh,I also want to tell you about our English teacher,Ms Chen.Her first name is Fang, but some students 8.her for Ms Wang.That's a 9.Ms Chen is from the UK,but now she 10.in China.She is a good teacher. I am happy to 11. you all.Let's study hard and have fun together! 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 五、写作 话题：Should friends be similar or different? 提示： 1.你对朋友相似还是不同的看法是什么？ 2举例说明你的观点（可以结合自己的朋友或经历）。 3.总结你的想法。 要求：语句通顺，语法正确，逻辑清晰。 参考答案 一、阅读理 C篇：1.A2.C3.C4.C5.B 解 D篇：1.C2.C3.C4.B5.B 二、完形填 1.B2.C3.A4.C5.A6.A7.A8.B9.B10.C 空 He plays basketball every day after school. Peter calms him down (when he gets angry). 三、阅读短 She enjoys painting. 文回答问题 supportive I think friends should be similar because we can share the same hobbies and understand each other better./I think friends should be different because we can learn new things from each other. 四、短文填 1.close 2.differences 3.spend 4.cared 5.Although 6.really 7.make 8.friendly 空 9.friend 10.happy 11.know 五、写作 范文： In my opinion,it doesn't matter whether friends are similar or different.What really matters is that they understand and support each other. My best friend,Tom,is similar to me in many ways.We both love reading and playing chess.Because we have the same interests,we always have fun together and can talk for hours.However,we also have differences.Tom is more outgoing and helps me become braver when talking to strangers.I am more patient and help him with his studv when he has problems.