2026-2027学年高一英语上学期初高中衔接：代词专题讲义

专题四 代词 初中知识回顾 一、代词分类总览 代词是代替名词或名词短语的词，在英语中使用极为频繁。代词可分为九大类： 类别 英语名称 例词 人称代词 Personal Pronouns I, you, he, she, it, we, they, me, him, her, us, them 物主代词 Possessive Pronouns my, your, his, her, its, our, their (形代) mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs (名代) 反身代词 Reflexive Pronouns myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 指示代词 Demonstrative Pronouns this, that, these, those, such, same 不定代词 Indefinite Pronouns some, any, no, every, each, both, all, either, neither, none, many, much, few, little, other, another, one 疑问代词 Interrogative Pronouns who, whom, whose, what, which 连接代词 Conjunctive Pronouns who, whom, whose, what, which (引导名词性从句) 关系代词 Relative Pronouns who, whom, whose, which, that, as (引导定语从句) 替代词 Pro-forms one, ones, that, those, it 【记忆口诀】人称物主反身代，指示不定疑问来。连接关系加替代，九类代词记心怀。 二、人称代词的语序 几个人称代词并列充当主语时，它们的顺序遵循以下规则： 形式 顺序 示例 单数形式 二、三、一 you, he/she and I You, he and I are all students. 你、我、他都是学生。 复数形式 一、二、三 we, you and they We, you and they should work together. 我们、你们和他们应该合作。 注意：①承认错误时，把第一人称I放在最前面（I and he broke the window.）；②长辈或上级在前（My father and I went fishing.）。 三、形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的区别 形容词性物主代词（形代）之后必须接名词，相当于形容词；名词性物主代词（名代）之后不接名词，相当于"形代+名词"。名代在句中可作主语、宾语或表语。 人称 主格 宾格 形代 名代 第一人称单数 I me my mine 第二人称单数 you you your yours 第三人称单数 he/she/it him/her/it his/her/its his/hers/its 第一人称复数 we us our ours 第二人称复数 you you your yours 第三人称复数 they them their theirs 常见错误辨析： This is her ticket. It's not mine. ✓ (her + n.; mine = my ticket) This ticket is her. It's not my. ✗ (her是形代不可单独使用；不可用my结尾) 【口诀】有名则形，无名则名。形代后面必须跟名词，名代后面不能跟名词。 四、反身代词及常用短语 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 himself / herself / itself themselves One (泛指) oneself — 反身代词的核心用法：①作宾语，表示动作返回到主语本身（He hurt himself.）；②作同位语，加强语气（I myself did it.）；③用于固定搭配。 常见固定搭配（按中考频率排序）： (1) teach oneself 自学 例：He taught himself English. (2) learn by oneself 自学 例：She learned to swim (all) by herself. (3) enjoy oneself 过得愉快；玩得高兴 例：We enjoyed ourselves at the party. (4) help oneself (to) 随便吃/用 例：Help yourself to some cake. (5) hurt oneself 伤到自己 例：Be careful! Don't hurt yourself. (6) by oneself 独自；独立地 例：He finished the work by himself. (7) come to oneself 苏醒；恢复知觉 例：She came to herself after a few minutes. (8) behave oneself 举止得体 例：Children, please behave yourselves. (9) dress oneself 自己穿衣服 例：The baby can dress himself now. (10) make oneself at home 别拘束，像在家一样 例：Sit down and make yourself at home. (11) say to oneself 自言自语 例："What shall I do?" he said to himself. (12) devote oneself to 致力于；献身于 例：She devoted herself to teaching. (13) apply oneself to 专心致力于 例：Apply yourself to your study. (14) express oneself 表达自己的意思 例：He can express himself clearly in English. (15) lose oneself in 沉醉于 例：He lost himself in the music. (16) seat oneself / be seated 坐下 例：Please seat yourself. / Please be seated. 【考点提示】高考常考反身代词与介词搭配：by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself等。注意区分含义：by oneself（独自）≠ for oneself（为自己）≠ of oneself（自动地）。 五、指示代词 指示代词 用法 示例 this / these 指代时间或空间上较近的人或物 This is my desk and these are my books. that / those 指代时间或空间上较远的人或物 That building over there is a hospital. this / that (电话) 电话中this指自己，that指对方 Hello, this is Mary. Who's that? that / those (替代) 替代上文提到的名词（避免重复） The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai. such / same such指"这样的人或事物"；same指"同样的人或事物" Such are the results. / It's the same as before. 六、不定代词 1. each 与 every 的区别 each和every都表示"每一"。each强调个体，可指两个或以上的人/物；every强调整体，指三个或以上的人/物。 区别维度 each every 含义侧重 强调"个体"，各自 强调"整体"，无一例外 适用数量 两者或以上均可 仅用于三者或以上 词性/搭配 可作代词、形容词、副词 each of + 复数名词 (谓语用单数) 可作同位语 仅作形容词 every + 单数名词 (谓语用单数) 不可作同位语、不可与of连用 There are trees on each side of the road.（道路只有两边，用each） Every student in Class 5 has passed the exam.（强调整体） Each of us wears a yellow T-shirt.（each作主语，谓语用单数） We each wear a yellow T-shirt.（each作同位语，谓语按主语we用复数） 2. both / all / either / any / neither / none 不定代词 含义 适用 动词形式 示例 both 两者都 两者 复数 Both (of the) answers are correct. all 三者及以上都 三者及以上；不可数 复数/单数 (视情况) All (of) the milk is gone. All (of) the students are here. either (两者中)任一 两者 单数 Either of the two books is OK. neither (两者)都不 两者 单数 Neither of them was present. any (三者及以上)任一 三者及以上；不可数 单数/复数 Any of these books will do. none (三者及以上)都不 三者及以上；不可数 单数/复数 (视意义) None of the money was found. None of them are/is coming. 【重点】①当all/everyone/everybody/everything/both/each用于否定句时，表示"部分否定"而非"全部否定"。如：All horses are animals, but not all animals are horses.（全部否定用none/no one/nothing/neither）。②当none作主语指不可数名词时，谓语用单数；指可数名词时，谓语用单数/复数均可。 3. few / a few / little / a little 修饰可数名词复数 修饰不可数名词 含义 肯定 (有一些) a few a little 表示"有一些，虽然少但有" 否定 (几乎没有) few little 表示"几乎没有，有否定意味" There is a little water in the bottle. Let's share it.（有一些水，可以分享） There is little water in the bottle. We need to buy some.（几乎没有水，需要买） I have a few friends here, so I'm not lonely.（有几个朋友）—— 肯定含义 I have few friends here, so I feel lonely.（几乎没有朋友）—— 否定含义 【考点】注意quite a few（相当多，很多）≠ few（几乎没有）；only a few（只有几个）= not many。 4. none 与 no one 的区别 none no one (= nobody) 考点提示 指代范围 人/物均可 只指人 none of 用法 搭配 可与of连用 None of us... 不可与of连用 不能说No one of us... 高频考点！ None of us enjoy(s) getting up early. 我们中没人喜欢早起。 —How many students passed? —None.（回答How many...用none） No one (= Nobody) knows about it. 没有人了解此事。（回答Who...用no one/nobody） —Who is in the classroom? —No one. / Nobody.（不能回答None） 5. other / the other / others / the others / another 这组词是初中阶段最易混淆的代词。核心区别在于：泛指还是特指？单数还是复数？ 代词 含义 用法 示例 other 别的；其他的 形容词，后接复数名词 相当于形容词 Do you have any other questions? the other (两者中的)另一个 可单独使用或接名词 one... the other... She has two sons. One is in Beijing, the other is in Shanghai. others 其他的人/物(泛指) = other + 复数名词 some... others... Some are dancing, and others are singing. the others 剩余的全部 特指范围中剩下的所有 = the other + 复数名词 There are 40 students. 30 come by bus; the others walk. another 另一个(泛指) 三者及以上中的另一个 another + 单数名词 another + 数词 + 复数名词 I don't like this one. Please give me another (one). We need another three chairs. 【口诀】单other，双the other；泛others，特the others；三以上用another。 6. it 的用法 it是英语中使用频率最高的代词之一，初中阶段需掌握以下用法： （1）指代前面提到过的事物。 The book on the desk is not mine. It is Jim's. （2）代替指示代词this或that。 —What's that? —It is a pencil. （3）指代婴儿或不明身份的人。 Someone is knocking at the door. Please go and see who it is. （4）指代时间。 —What's the time now? —It's ten o'clock. （5）指代天气。 —What's the weather like today? —It's sunny. （6）指代距离。 How far is it from your school to your home? （7）作形式主语。 常用句型见下方详解。 （8）作形式宾语。 I find it difficult to learn English well. it作形式主语的常见句型： ① It is + adj. + (for sb.) to do sth. It is important for us to work hard. 我们努力工作是很重要的。 ② It is + adj. + (of sb.) to do sth. It is kind of you to help me. 你帮我真是太好了。 ③ It's time to do / for / that sb. did (should do) sth. It's time to get up. / It's time that we went home. 该起床了。/ 我们该回家了。 ④ It seems that... It seems that he is satisfied. 看起来他好像很满意。 ⑤ It's one's turn to do... It's your turn to sing. 轮到你唱歌了。 ⑥ It is + adj. + that从句 It's important that you (should) go to bed early. 你早点睡觉很重要。 ⑦ It is + n. + that... It's a pity that you missed the concert. 很遗憾你错过了音乐会。 it作形式宾语：常用结构为 主语+think/find/consider/make/feel+it+adj./n.+(for sb.)+to do sth./that从句 I find it difficult to get along with him. 我发现跟他相处很难。 He made it a rule to read English every morning. 他规定每天早上读英语。 【考点对比】for sb.与of sb.的区别：若形容词描述动作特征用for（important, necessary, difficult等）；若形容词描述人的品质用of（kind, nice, clever, foolish, brave等）。 七、疑问代词 疑问代词 询问对象 示例 who 谁（主格） Who is that man? whom 谁（宾格） Whom/Who did you meet? whose 谁的（所有格） Whose book is this? what 什么（泛指） What did you do yesterday? which 哪一个（有范围选择） Which color do you prefer, red or blue? 【考点】what与which的区别：what用于无范围或范围不明确的提问；which用于有明确选择范围的提问。例：What color do you like?（没有范围）vs. Which color do you prefer, red or blue?（有明确范围） 高中新知探究 英语中代词的相关知识庞杂，代词在语言中的使用极为频繁。所以，代词的用法看似简单，其实不然。代词是高考语法填空和短文改错中的常考点。在熟练掌握代词的分类及应用的基础上，我们还应注意以下方面。 一、掌握代词体系，建立知识网络 高中阶段，需要系统掌握人称代词、物主代词（形代/名代）、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词和替代词九类的全部用法。重点掌握：不定代词与替代词的用法及区别，it的丰富用法，以及易混淆代词的分辨。 二、it 的十大用法全解 it在高中阶段的用法比初中更为丰富，高考中频繁作为语法填空的考点出现。以下是it的完整用法： 用法 说明 示例 1. 指代上文事物 指代前面提到的具体事物 The book is interesting. I like it. 2. 指代this/that 代替指示代词 —What's this? —It's a pen. 3. 指代婴儿/不明身份者 性别不明或婴儿 Someone is knocking. Who is it? 4. 指时间 时间表达 It's half past ten now. 5. 指天气 天气表达 It's raining hard outside. 6. 指距离 距离表达 It's about 5 kilometers from here. 7. 形式主语(to do) It + be + adj./n. + (for/of sb.) + to do It's necessary for you to take exercise. 8. 形式主语(that从句) It + be + adj./n. + that从句 It is clear that he has made a mistake. 9. 形式宾语 sb. + think/find/make + it + adj./n. + to do/that I think it important to learn English. 10. 强调句型 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who... It was Tom who/that broke the window yesterday. 强调句型详解：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其余部分。可强调主语、宾语、状语等（不能强调谓语）。判断方法：去掉"It is/was...that/who..."后句子结构仍完整。 It was in the park that I met her.（强调地点状语） It is he who/that often helps me.（强调主语） 实战例题： [例1] —He found a baby in his car when he came back from the supermarket. And ______ was crying for some milk. —When was that? ______ was in 2015 when he was still in college. 【解析】第一空用it指代上文提到的婴儿；第二空为强调句型的省略，完整的强调句是：It was in 2015 when he was still in college. 强调时间状语。 【答案】it; It 三、替代词 one / ones / that / those / it 当一个名词在句子中再次出现时，为避免重复，常用替代词代替。这是高考语法填空的必考点。 替代词 代替对象 特点 示例 one a/an + 单数可数名词（泛指） 泛指，前面可有形容词 I lost my pen. I need to buy a new one. ones 零冠词 + 复数名词（泛指） 泛指复数 These apples are sweeter than the green ones. the one the + 单数可数名词（特指） 有the特指，= that (有后置定语时) The book is better than the one (that) I read. the ones the + 复数名词（特指） 有the特指，= those (有后置定语时) The students in Class 1 study harder than the ones in Class 2. that the + 单数可数名词/不可数名词 特指，后常跟of/in等限定 The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai. those the + 复数名词 特指复数，= the ones The apples in this shop are cheaper than those in that shop. 【核心区别】one=a/an+n.（泛指单数）；ones=复数n.（泛指复数）；that=the+n.（特指单数/不可数，有后置定语）；those=the+复数n.（特指复数）；it=同名同物（特指同一个东西）。 实战例题： [例2] In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from ______ in the UK. 【解析】此处需要替代前面出现的 the education system（特指、单数、有后置定语），应用that。 【答案】that 四、不定代词的"部分否定"与"全部否定" 这是高考改错和语法填空中的高频陷阱，需要牢记： 类别 表示"部分否定" 表示"全部否定" both, all not both / not all 并非两者/所有都 neither (两者都不) none (三者及以上都不) every not every 并非每一个都 no + 名词 none of everyone not everyone 并非人人都 no one / nobody 没有人 everything not everything 并非每件事都 nothing 没有什么 each not each 并非每一个都 neither / none All horses are animals, but not all animals are horses.（部分否定） Not both of the answers are correct. = Both of the answers are not correct.（部分否定） Neither of the answers is correct.（全部否定） 【考点】句中看到"all/both/every... + not"结构，必为部分否定。在改错题中，若需表达"全部否定"却用了"not all/both/every..."则需改正。 五、高考代词易混点辨析 以下十组易混代词是高考高频失分点： 易混组 核心区别 例句A 例句B another vs other another=三者+任一 other=其他的(形容词) Would you like another cup of tea? (再来一杯，已喝≥1) Do you have any other questions? (你还有其他问题吗) either vs any either=两者中任一 any=三者+中任一 You can take either of the two books. (两本中任选一) You can take any of the three books. (三本中任选一) none vs nothing none=数量上"零" nothing=内容上"无" —How many apples left? —None. (数量为零) —What's in the box? —Nothing. (没有东西) one vs it one=同名异物(泛指) it=同名同物(特指) I need a pen. Can you lend me one? (随便一支笔) I like your pen. Can you lend it to me? (就这支笔) that vs the one that=特指+后置定语 the one=特指，可有/无定语 The weather here is better than that in Beijing. (不可数，有定语) This book is more interesting than the one I read. (可数，有定语) some vs any some=肯定句+希望肯定回答的疑问 any=否定/疑问/条件句 Could you give me some water? (希望得到肯定回答) Do you have any water? (普通疑问) every one vs everyone every one可加of everyone不可加of Every one of the students passed. (每个学生都过了) Everyone passed the exam. (人人都过了) who vs whoever who=引导名词性从句 whoever="无论谁"/"任何人" I don't know who did it. (不知道是谁) Whoever did it should be punished. (无论是谁干的) what vs which what=无范围 which=有范围选择 What do you want to eat? (没有限定范围) Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? (二选一) a number of vs the number of a number of=许多(谓语复数) the number of=...的数量(谓语单数) A number of students are playing. (许多学生) The number of students is 50. (学生数量是50) 六、代词高考考点速查表 下表汇总了代词在高考语法填空和短文改错中最常考查的考点： 考点 解题规则 例题 冠词/物主代词→代词 前有冠词(a/an/the)或物主代词，空格处考虑填代词 He lost his phone, so he bought a new ______. (one) of后填代词 of后一般用名代或人称代词宾格 none/each/either/neither + of This book is not ______. It's his. (mine) 介词后填代词 介词后用宾格/反身代词/名代 He is looking at ______ in the mirror. (himself) 比较级后替代词 比较结构中为避免重复用替代词 The population of China is larger than ______ of Japan. (that) 主语缺失→代词 句子缺主语，根据上下文补代词 Tom is my friend. ______ is from Canada. (He) 及物动词后缺宾语 及物动词后缺宾语→宾格/名代 I can't find my keys. Have you seen ______? (them) each作同位语 each作同位语不影响主谓一致 We ______ have our own dream. (each) it形式主语 It + be + adj. + (for/of) + to do / that... ______ is necessary for us to protect the environment. (It) it强调句型 It is/was...that/who... ______ was John who helped me yesterday. (It) 部分否定 all/both/every...+not→部分否定 (改错)All students didn't come. → Not all students came. none vs no one of前用none；单独指人用no one ______ of the students failed the exam. (None) another + 数词 + 复数 another + 数词 + 复数名词 I need ______ two hours to finish it. (another) 课后巩固训练 I. 用所给代词的适当形式填空（共10题） 1. Little Tom fell off his bike, but he didn't hurt ______ (he). 2. This ticket is for you. It's ______ (you) now. 3. What a cute dog! What's ______ (it) name? 4. ______ (who) bike is this? 5. I think ______ (they) classroom is bigger and brighter than ours. 6. This is an ice box, and ______ (those) is a glass of water. 7. When we grow up, we have to learn to take care of ______ (our). 8. Who will help ______ (she) clean the room? 9. This magazine is not ______ (my). It's his. 10. ______ (these) apples are five yuan a kilo. II. 用适当的人称代词、物主代词或反身代词填空（共10题） 1. My name is Li Lei. ______ am 12. My father is a doctor. ______ works in a hospital. 2. My friend Jenny often helps ______ with my English. 3. Anna is independent and she can look after ______ when she's alone at home. 4. —Han Mei, who teaches ______ English? —Mrs. White. ______ Chinese is also very good. 5. —Have you heard of the accident involving Mary and her father? —Accident? No, I haven't. Tell ______ about it. 6. His name is James but he calls ______ Jim. 7. When a cat has finished eating, ______ often washes itself. 8. Linda has two Chinese friends. ______ often talk in Chinese. 9. The doctors often tell us that healthy food and exercise help ______ to study better. 10. Beth isn't my sister. ______ is my cousin. III. 单句语法填空（共10题） 1. We must rely on ______ (我们自己). 2. May I use your mobile phone? ______ (我的) is at home. 3. The children should learn to look after ______ (自己) when their parents aren't with them. 4. You may depend on ______ that they will look after your daughter when you are away. 5. When the young are feeling that they're not dealing properly, they turn to ______ that they can control. 6. Our house is a little larger than ______ (they) and it has more furniture in it. 7. The comic book you bought is as interesting as ______ (I). 8. —______ bags are these? —They belong to Tom. 9. I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn't find a manufacturer who could make what I wanted, so I did it ______ (I). 10. Young men's way of thinking is different from ______ of old people. IV. 语篇填空（共12空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的代词（每空一词）。 Everyone has a childhood. And childhood 1.______ (experience) are often very funny. Children often make us laugh. 2.______ (they) words and actions can be very amusing. I often recall my childhood, the years when many interesting things 3.______ (happen). When I was a two-year-old child, both my parents 4.______ (be) always very busy with their work. 5.______ had to leave me with my grandma. My grandma lived in 6.______ small village. She was very kind to me and often told 7.______ interesting stories. I enjoyed 8.______ (I) very much living with her. Once my mother came to see me and we went to the 9.______ (shop) together. On the way we saw a group of soldiers. And when I saw 10.______, I became very excited. I shouted loudly, "Look at the soldiers! They are so handsome!" 11.______ of us nearby laughed. My mother even laughed 12.______ (happy) than others. My mother said she would remember that moment all her life. V. 高考真题演练（共10题） 从近五年高考真题中精选代词相关语法填空和改错题： 1. The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but ______ contained any useful suggestions. 2. To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the ______. 3. Niki is always full of ideas, but ______ is useful to my knowledge. 4. The quality of education in this small school is better than ______ in some larger schools. 5. In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in ______, they use knives and forks. 6. At our factory there are a few machines similar to ______ described in this magazine. 7. I'd appreciate ______ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. 8. A smile costs ______, but gives much. 9. Susan made ______ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. 10. Good families are much to all their members, but ______ to none. VI. 单句改错（共10题） 下列每句各有一处错误，请找出并改正。 1. I have two sisters. One is a teacher and another is a nurse. 2. Every of the students in our class has a dictionary. 3. None of the two answers is correct. 4. This isn't my pen. My is over there. 5. He is taller than any student in his class. 6. We should help each others in our study. 7. The weather in Kunming is much better than it in Beijing. 8. I don't like this coat. Please show me the other. 9. All the books are not interesting, and that is to say, not all the books are interesting. 10. Who of you would like to go with me? 参考答案 I. 用所给代词的适当形式填空 1. himself 2. yours 3. its 4. Whose 5. their 6. that （that替代前面提到的an ice box） 7. ourselves （take care of oneself 照顾自己） 8. her （help后接宾格） 9. mine （名代=my magazine） 10. These II. 用适当的人称代词、物主代词或反身代词填空 1. I; He 2. me 3. herself 4. you; Her 5. me 6. himself （call oneself...自称...） 7. it （指代前面a cat） 8. They 9. us 10. She III. 单句语法填空 1. ourselves 2. Mine 3. themselves 4. it （depend on it that... 固定句型） 5. something/anything 6. theirs （= their house） 7. mine （= my comic book） 8. Whose 9. myself 10. that （= the way of thinking） IV. 语篇填空 1. experiences（可数名词复数，指童年经历） 2. Their（修饰words and actions，用形代） 3. happened（一般过去时） 4. were（both parents复数主语） 5. They（指代父母） 6. a（a small village，不定冠词） 7. me（tell sb. sth.，宾格） 8. myself（enjoy oneself固定短语） 9. shopping（go shopping，固定用法） 10. them（指代前面的soldiers，复数宾格） 11. All（指代附近的所有人） 12. more happily（比较级） V. 高考真题演练 1. neither（两者report都不包含有用建议——全部否定） 2. other（one...the other固定搭配，两只脚） 3. none（"没有一个是"有用的，全部否定） 4. that（替代不可数名词the quality of education） 5. others（in others = in other countries，泛指） 6. those（替代复数名词machines，有后置定语described...） 7. it（I'd appreciate it if... 固定句型，it作形式宾语） 8. nothing（微笑不花费什么，却给予很多。nothing与much形成对比） 9. it（make it clear to sb. that... it作形式宾语） 10. everything（好的家庭对所有成员来说意味着一切——表示最大程度） VI. 单句改错 1. another → the other（两者中的"另一个"用the other） 2. Every → Each（every不能与of连用，应改为Each of） 3. None → Neither（两者否定用neither，三者及以上否定用none） 4. My → Mine（"我的笔"后面不再接名词，应用名代Mine） 5. any student → any other student（"比班上任何其他学生都高"，需加other把自己排除） 6. each others → each other（each other是固定搭配，不加s） 7. it → that（替代不可数名词weather，且后有in Beijing修饰，应用that） 8. the other → another（三者及以上选择中的"另一个"用another） 9. ✓ 全句正确。All...not = Not all 表示部分否定，后半句已给出解释。 10. Who → Which（有of you明确的群体范围，应用Which而非Who） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $