Unit 7 The natural world（上）-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册知识点精讲（译林版）

Unit 7 The natural world 知识点精讲（上） 。单元核心词汇 climate;ecosystem;include;hold;return;around;store;act; nearly;harmful;therefore;slow down ⊙单元同步语法 五大基本句型结构() 。单元文章对话 重点句型讲练 教材同步词汇全解全练 重点1 单元词汇 1.climate/klarmet/n.气候 词形变化：climatic(adj.气候的) 例佝：The climate here is warm and wet.这里的气候温暖潮湿。 2.ecosystem/'i:keusIstem//n.生态系统 构词：eco-(生态)+system(系统) 例句：The forest is a large ecosystem.森林是一个大型生态系统。 3.include/rn'klu:dv.包括；包含 词形变化：included(过去式/分词)；including(介词"包括”)；inclusion(n.) 例佝：The list includes many animals.这个名单包括许多动物。 4.hold /heuld/v.持有；容纳；行 词形变化：held(过去式/分词)；holding(现在分词) 搭配：hold on坚持；别挂电话 例佝：The bag can hold many books.这个包能装很多书。 5.return/mt3:nlv./n.返▣；归还 词形变化：returned(过去式/分词)；returning(现在分词) 搭配：return to回到；return sth.tosb.把某物刎归还某人 例句：She will return home tomorrow.她明天回家。 6.around/e'raund/adv./prep.在周围；大约 搭配：look around环顾四周；walk around四处走动 例句：There are many trees around the lake.湖周围有很多树。 7.store/sto:(r)/v.储存；n.商店 词形变化：stored(过去式/分词)；storing(现在分词)；storage(n.储存) 例佝：Squirrels store nuts for winter..松鼠储存坚果过冬。 8.act/aekt/v.行动；扮演；n.行为 词形变化：acted(过去式/分词)；acting(现在分词)；action(n.行动)；active(adj, 积极的) 搭配：act as充当；act out表演 例佝：Ne must act quickly to save the forest..我们必须迅速行动拯救森林。 9.nearly/'nIeli/adv..几乎；差不多 同义词：almost 例佝：It's nearly five o'clock.将近五点了。 10.harmful/ha:mfl/adj..有害的 词形变化：harm(n.w.伤害)；harmless(adj.无害的) 搭配：be harmful to对.有害 例句：Pollution is harmful to the ecosystem.污染对生态系统有害。 11.therefore/esf:(r)/adv.因t此；所以 同义词：so,thus 例句：He was ill;therefore he stayed at home..他病了，因此待在家里。 12.slow down/sleu daun/短语.减慢；使慢下来 词形变化：slow(v.ladj.慢)；slowed(过去式/分词)；slowing(现在分词) 例句：Ve should slow down to protect the environment.我们应该放慢脚步保护环 境。 考点通关 单元词汇 (一）单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.The (climate)change is becoming a serious problem. 2.A healthy (ecosystem)needs many different plants and animals. 3.This box (include)all the tools we need. 4.The stadium can (hold)over 50,000 people 5.Please (return)the book to the library before Friday. 6.The earth goes (around)the sun. 7.Farmers often (store)food for the winter. 8.We should (act)quickly to stop the fire. 9.It's (nearly)8 o'clock.Let's go to school. 10.Smoking is (harm)to our health. 11.He didn't study hard; (therefore)he failed the exam. 12.The driver (slow down)when he saw the children. (二)短文填空 The Earth is our home.We must protect the 1. A healthy 2. keeps the balance.Many species are in danger.We should 3. them to a safe place.Human activities 4. cutting trees and polluting water.These are 5. to the environment.6. we need to act.We can plant trees and 7 water.Also,we should 8. our speed.9 everyone can help.The Earth can only 10. so many people.Let's act together! 参考答案 1.climate 2.ecosystem 3.includes 4.hold 5.return 6.around (一）单句填空 7.store 8.act;9.nearly 10.harmful 11.therefore 12.slowed down 1.ecosystem 2.climate 3.return 4.include 5.harmful; (二)短文填空 6.Therefore 7.store 8.slow down 9.Nearly 10.hold 教材同步语法全解全练 重点2 单元语法 五大基本句型结构（仙） 项目 内容 主语+系动词+表语 The cake tastes sweet.She looks happy 主系表 系动词包括be,look,sound,feel,taste, smell等；表语可以是名词、形容词或介词 短语。 主语+动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语 (物) My mother bought me a cake.He 主谓双宾 showed us his photos. 常见动词：give,buy,show,tel,send, pass,bring等。间接宾语通常指人，直接宾 语指物。 主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语 We call him Tom./I find the story 主谓宾宾补 interesting. 宾语补足语补充说明宾语的状态或身份，可 以是名词、形容词、不定式等。常见动词： make,cal,find,keep,let,name等。 考点通关 单元语法 语法专练一：单项选择(8题) 1.The apple good. A.looks B.is looking C.look 2.She her friend a birthday card yesterday A.sends B.sent C,send 3.Please keep the window A.open B.to open C.opening 4.My father me a new bicycle for my birthday. A.gave B.gives C.giving 5.We made him monitor of our class. A./ B.to be C.being 6.The flowers very beautiful. A.smell B.are smelling C.smelt 7.He told an interesting story. A.we B.us C,our 8.The teacher asked us the questions carefully. A.answer B.to answer C.answering 语法专练二：语法填空(10题) 1.The soup a little salty 2.His aunt him a nice hat every year. 3.We should keep our room 4.They the dog Lucky. 5.The story makes me happy. 6.She me a call last night. 7.The music wonderful. 8.Please pass the salt. 9.I find this book 10.He his mother his new schoolbag just now. 参考答案 语法专练一：单项选择 1.A;2.B;3.A;4.A;5.A;6.A;7.B;8.B 语法专练二：语法填空 1.tastes;2.buys;3.tidy;4.named;5.feel;6.gave;7. sounds;8.me;9.interesting;10.showed 教材同步文章句型精讲 重点1 文章句型 1.The ocean covers around 71%of the earth's surface. 结构：主语+cover+数字+of+名词 中文：海洋覆盖了地球表面大约71%。 类似：cover..of.覆盖..的.. (2.It produces about 70%of the earth's oxygen. 结构：主语+produce+数字+of+名词 中文：它产生了地球大约70%的氧气。 3.The water rises to the sky,falls onto the land and then returns to the ocean. 结构：rise to.,fall onto.,return to..(三个并列动作) 中文：水升到天空，落在地上，然后回到海洋。 4.This goes on and on. 结构：go on and on持续不断地进行 中文：这循环往复。 5.The ocean is just like the“heat”of the earth. 结构：be just like+名词就像..一样 中文：海洋就像地球的“心脏”。 6.Wetlands are home to around 40%of all the types of plants and animals. 结构：be home to+数字+of+名词是.的家园 中文：湿地是大约40%的动植物类型的家园。 7.Plants in wetlands help get rid of pollution and make the water clean. 结构：help(to)do sth.帮助做某事；get rid of去除；make+宾语+形容词 使.变得… 中文：湿地中的植物帮助去除污染并使水变干净。 8.Wetlands can also help prevent floods. 结构：hel p prevent sth..帮助预防某事 中文：湿地池能帮预防洪涝。 9.During heavy rains,wetlands store water like huge sponges. 结构：store+名词+like+名词像..一样储存… 中文：在暴雨期间，湿地像巨大的海绵一样储存水。 10.They act like the "kidneys"of the earth. 结构：act like+名词像..一样起作用 中文：它们像地球的“肾脏”一样发挥作用。 11.Forests make up nearly a third of the earth's land area. 结构：make up+分数+of+名词占据.的… 中文：森林几乎占地球陆地面积的三分之一。 12.Plants there take in carbon dioxide from the air and produce oxygen. 结构：take in..from.从.吸收.；produce..产生 中文：那里的植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳并产生氧气。 13.They also trap harmful things in their leaves and help clean the air. 结构：trap.in.把.困在.里；help clean..帮助清洁. 中文：它们还把有害物质困在叶子里，帮助净化空气。 14.People often call forests the "lungs"of the earth. 结构：ca+宾语+名词称.…为..… 中文：人们常称森林为地球的“肺”。 15.Each of these ecosystems supports millions of plants and animals. 结构：each of+复数名词+动词（单三）中的每一个 中文：这些生态系统中的每一个都支撑着数百万的动植物。 考点通关 文章句型 练习一：单项选择（从A、B、C、D中选择最佳答案） 1.The ocean covers 71%of the earth's surface. A.around B.between C.over D.at 2.Wetlands are home many kinds of animals. A.for B.to C.of D.with 3.Plants in wetlands help pollution. A.get rid B.get rid of C.getting rid of D.to getting rid 4.Wetlands store water huge sponges during heavy rains. A.as B.like C.for D.with 5.Forests make up nearly a of the earth's land area. A.half B.third C.quarter D.two thirds 6.Plants in forests take carbon dioxide from the air. A.out B.off C.in D.away 7.People call forests the of the earth. A.heart B.kidneys C.lungs D.brain 8.Each ecosystem a role to play. A.have B.has C.is having D.had 9.The ocean produces about 70%of the earth's A.water B.oxygen C.land D,food 10.Wetlands can help floods. A.prevent B.to preventing C.prevented D.prevents 练习二：完成句子（根据中文提示，每空一词） 1.海洋覆盖了地球表面大约71%。 The ocean about 71%of the earth's 2.湿地是大约40%的动植物类型的家园。 Wetlands are about 40%of all the types of plants and animals. 3植物帮助去除污染并使水变干净。 Plants help of pollution and make the water 4.在暴雨期间，湿地像巨大的海绵一样储存水。 During heavy wetlands store water huge sponges. 5.森林几乎占地球陆地面积的三分之一。 Forests nearly a third of the earth's land area. 6植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳并产生氧气。 Plants carbon dioxide from the air and oxygen. 7人们称森林为地球的“肺”。 People forests the of the earth. 8每一个生态系统都起着作用。 Each of these has a to play. 9海洋就像地球的”心脏”。 The ocean is the "heart"of the earth. 10湿地地也像地球的“肾脏”一样起作用。 Wetlands like the "kidneys"of the earth. 练习三：翻译句子（根据中文，将英文句子补充完整或泻出完整句子） 1.这个循环持续进行。 This and 2.湿地能帮助预防洪涝。 Wetlands can help floods 3.它们把有害物质困在叶子里。 They. harmful things their leaves. 4.这些生态系统中的每一个都支撑着数百万的动植物。 5.海洋产生大约70%的地球氧气。 6.植物帮助净化空气。 7在暴雨期间，湿地像海绵一样储存水。 8.人们常称海洋为地球的“心脏”。 参考答案 练习一：单项选择 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.c 7.c 8.B 9.B 10.A 1.covers;surface;2.home to;3.get rid;clean;4.rains;like; 练习二：完成句子 5.make up;6.take in;produce;7.call;lungs;8.ecosystems; role;9.just like;10.act 1.goes;on;on;2.prevent;3.trap;in;4.Each of these ecosystems supports millions of plants and animals.;5.The 练习三：翻译句子 ocean produces about 70%of the earth's oxygen.;6.Plants help clean the air.;7.During heavy rains,wetlands store water like sponges.;8.People often call the ocean the "heart"of the earth. 教材同步单元练习 一、阅读理解 A篇 The ocean is like the "heart"of the earth.It covers about 71%of the earth's surface and produces around 70%of the oxygen we breathe.The water in the ocean rises to the sky,falls onto the land,and then returns to the ocean.This cycle goes on and on. Wetlands are another important ecosystem.Although they only cover about 6%of the earth's land area,they are home to about 40%of all plants and animals.Plants in wetlands help clean the water and prevent floods.During heavy rains,wetlands store water like huge sponges.That's why people call them the "kidneys"of the earth. Forests make up nearly a third of the earth's land area.Trees take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen.They also trap harmful things in their leaves and clean the air.So forests are called the "lungs"of the earth. Each of these ecosystems plays a part in keeping our planet healthy.They support millions of living things and make the world a better place. ()1.What does the ocean mainly do for the earth? A.It covers all the land. B.It provides most of the oxygen. C.It stores all the fresh water. D.It helps plants grow. ()2.Why are wetlands called the "kidneys"of the earth? A.Because they cover a large area B.Because they look like kidneys. C.Because they clean water and prevent floods. D.Because they produce oxygen. ()3.How much of the earth's land area do forests cover? A.About 71%.B.About 40%. C.About 6%. D.Nearly a third. ()4.What can we learn from the passage? A.Oceans are not important for the earth. B.Wetlands help clean the air. C.Forests produce oxygen and clean the air. D.Only forests support living things. B篇 Do you know that some trees can "talk"to each other?Scientists have found that trees in a forest are connected by underground networks().These networks are made of fungi()Through these networks,trees can share water and food.They can also warn each other about danger. For example,when insects()start eating a tree's leaves,the tree sends out chemicals.These chemicals travel through the fungi network to other trees.The other trees then make their leaves taste bad.This helps them stay away from insects. Young trees also get help from older trees.The older trees send them food and water through the network.In this way,the whole forest stays healthy. This discovery()shows us that forests are like big families.Trees work together and help each other.So when we cut down a tree,we are not just losing one tree-we are breaking a big family. ()1.How are trees in a forest connected? A.By roots growing together. B.By underground networks of fungi. C.By the wind carrying messages. D.By insects moving between trees. ()2.What do trees do when insects eat their leaves? A.They send out chemicals to warn others. B.They stop growing. C.They ask other trees for help. D.They drop all their leaves. ()3.How do older trees help young trees? A.By making them grow faster. B.By sending them food and water. C.By protecting them from the sun. D.By teaching them to talk. ()4.What's the best title for the passage? A.How to Save Forests B.Trees Can "Talk"to Each Other C.The Importance of Insects D.Forests and Animals 二、完形填空 Our school had a "Green Week"last month.We did many activities to learn about nature.The theme was "Protect the Earth,Start from Us". On Monday,we watched a short film about the ocean.The film showed how much the ocean 1.to our planet.It is like the "heart"of the earth.It produces more than 2.of the oxygen we need.I felt surprised. On Tuesday,a scientist came to talk about wetlands.He said wetlands are like the "kidneys"of the earth.They can 3.water clean.He also told us that many animals live there.4.wetlands are small,they are very important. On Wednesday,we planted trees in the school garden.The teacher said trees can 5. carbon dioxide and give out oxygen.They are the "lungs"of the earth.We worked 6.and planted twenty small trees. On Thursday,we made posters about protecting nature.My group drew a picture of the ocean,the forest and the wetland.We wrote:"Every ecosystem 7.a role. Let's keep them healthy!" On Friday,we had a class meeting.Each student shared what they learned.I said,"I 8. that everything in nature is connected.We should not harm the environment."Everyone agreed. At the end of the week,the headmaster praised us.He said,"You are not just students-you are9.of the earth."I felt proud(自豪的).|10.todo more to help our planet. A.means B.mean C.meant D.meaning A.40% B.50% C.60% D.70% A.keep B.keeps C.keeping D.kept A.Because B.Although C.So D.If A.take in B.take out C.take off D.take away A.hardly B.carefully C.hard D.careful A.plays B.play C.played D.playing A.realize B.realized C.realizes D.realizing A.guard B.guards C.guardian D.guardians A.decide B.decided C.decides D.deciding 三、阅读短文回答问题 The earth is our home.But today,many parts of it are in danger.People cut down too many trees.Factories send dirty water into rivers.Cars and planes make the air dirty. These things hurt the earth. But there is good news.Many people are trying to help.They plant trees,clean up beaches and save water.Some countries make laws to protect the environment. Scientists are looking for clean energy like wind and sun. You can also help.Turn off lights when you leave a room.Use less plastic.Walk or ride a bike instead of taking a car.Every small thing makes a difference. Remember:we only have one earth.Let's work together to make it a better place. 1.Why is the earth in danger?(List two reasons) 2.What are people doing to help the earth?(Give one example) 3.What clean energy is mentioned in the passage? 4.How can you help the earth?(Give one suggestion from the passage) 5.What's the main idea of the passage? 四、短文填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个 词。) life important they help stop because small grow and also Wetlands are one of the most 1.ecosystems on earth.Although they cover only a 2.part of the land,they are home to many plants and animals.Animals like frogs,birds and fish live there.Plants in wetlands 3.get rid of pollution. They make the water clean. Wetlands can also 4.floods.During heavy rains,they store water like sponges. This 5. _water from running into cities.6.of this,wetlands are called the "kidneys"of the earth. But wetlands are in danger.People are draining (them to build houses and farms. This harms the animals and plants that live there.We need to protect wetlands 7. they are important for all 8.on earth. Forests are 9. important.Trees take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. They 10.help clean the air.Without forests,the air would be very dirty. Every ecosystem has a role to play.Let's keep them healthy! 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7 8. 9. 10 五、写作 话题：How to Protect the Natural World 1.为什么保护自然世界很重要？ 2.我们可以做哪些事情来保护它？（至少列举两个做法） 3.你的呼吁或希望是什么？ 要求：80词左右，语句通顺，语法正确。 参考答案 一、 阅读理 A篇：1.B2.C3.D4.C 解 B篇：1.B2.A3.B4.B 二、完形填 空 1.A;2.D;3.A;4.B;5.A;6.C;7.A;8.B;9.D;10.B 1.People cut down too many trees.Factories send dirty water into rivers. Cars and planes make the air dirty..(任答两点) 2.They plant trees./They clean up beaches./They save water..(任答-点) 三、阅读短 文回答问题 3.Wind and sun.(wind and solar energy) 4.Turn off lights when leaving a room.Use less plastic./Walk or ride a bike instead of taking a car..(任答一点) 5.The earth is in danger,but we can help protect it together. 四、短文填 1.important 2.small 3.also 4.stop 5.helps 6.Because 7.because 8.life 9. 空 also 10.also 五、写作 范文： How to Protect the Natural World The natural world gives us clean air,water and food.It is our home.But now it is in danger.We must do something to protect it.First,we should plant more trees.Trees can make the air clean.Second,we should save water.Turn off the tap when brushing teeth.Third,we can use less plastic and take a bag when shopping.Every small action helps.I hope everyone can join in and make the earth a better place.