Unit 3 Conservstion外刊拓展提升（多题型专练）英语北师大版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 围绕环境保护主题，通过外刊阅读、词汇语法解析及多题型训练，系统提升语言能力与跨文化环保意识。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |外刊拓展阅读|1篇Nature Climate Change文章|科普说明文本，含全文翻译|以"风电与鲸鱼保护"为切入点，构建"问题-解决方案-双赢意义"逻辑链| |核心词汇|23个主题词|环保领域高频词汇|从基础术语(如greenhouse gas)到进阶概念(如blue economy)，形成层级词汇网络| |长难句分析|4个典型句式|复杂句结构解析|通过动名词作主语、同位语等语法点，构建"句子主干-修饰成分-逻辑关系"分析框架| |能力培优拔高|7篇阅读/完形/语法填空|含2024年各地高二检测题|从个人环保经历到全球生态议题，实现"微观实践-宏观政策"的主题深化| |迁移应用|10道介词填空+应用文写作|语法应用与话题写作|从语言知识到语用能力，完成"输入-内化-输出"的能力转化|

Unit 3 Conservation 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 参考答案 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从自己的亲身经历中意识到了塑料对地球的严重影响,并下定决心在生活中努力减少塑料,作者相信小小的改变也能产生大的影响。 1.D　推理判断题。根据第一段首句“I first realized that plastic was a serious matter for our planet during my travel in Western Australia.”和下文举例可知,第一段首先讲述了作者在西澳大利亚旅行时意识到了塑料的严重性,并具体描述了作者购物时的经历,由此可知,作者通过介绍过去的一个经历来引出了本文主题。故选D项。 2.C　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知,那次旅行促使作者养成可持续旅行和生活的习惯,由此可知,作者决定过绿色生活。故选C项。 3.B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Despite the big efforts...underneath was quite shocking.”可知,海岸每天都被冲来大量塑料,覆盖住了海滩,由此可知,这个计划进展得并不顺利。故选B项。 4.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,面对塑料问题,作者决定尽可能多地减少自己生活中的塑料,而且作者相信微小的改变也可以产生影响。由此可知,作者认为塑料问题是可以应对的。故选B项。 Passage 2 5.A 2. D 3. A 4. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。在伦敦动物园的爬行动物馆举办了一场展览,展示用鳄鱼皮做的手提包,以引起游客关注非法野生动物贸易对世界各地物种的破坏性影响。 5.A　细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“Over the last 75 years,more than 80% of Siamese crocodiles have disappeared.Many,like this one,were hunted for their skins as part of the illegal wildlife trade.”可知,牌子上说这个手提包曾经会游泳,因为它是用鳄鱼皮做的。故选A项。 6.D　主旨大意题。根据文章第四段的“Native to parts of Southeast Asia,Siamese crocodiles are critically endangered and have become virtually extinct in the wild.”可知,本段主要讲述的是使暹罗鳄濒临灭绝的原因。故选D项。 7.A　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“The particular handbag that is on display at the zoo was”以及“at a UK airport”可知,这只在动物园展出的手提包是在英国机场查封的,画线处和A项Seized(逮住,查封)含义接近。故选A项。 8.C　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“We made this exhibit...to draw visitors’ attention to the destructive impact the Illegal Wildlife Trade (IWT) is having on species around the world.”可知,塔普利的话旨在引起游客关注非法野生动物贸易对世界各地物种的破坏性影响。由此可知,他的意思就是展示手提包的目的。故选C项。 Passage 3 9．D 10．A 11．C 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了学识渊博且有责任心的Nzamujo博士回到非洲，设计“零浪费”农业系统，创立“松海”农场，帮助那里的人们缓解饥荒问题。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“There, he found a continent ecologically rich, diverse and capable of producing food. He believes drought wasn’t the only reason for widespread hunger, and that sustainability had been left out.(在那里，他发现了一个生态丰富多样，能够生产食物的大陆。他认为干旱并不是大范围饥饿的唯一原因，可持续性被人们忽略了)”可知，在Nzamujo看来，可持续性是被人们忽略了的造成饥荒的一个原因，换句话说，人们没有注意到农业的不可持续性问题。故选D项。 10．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Nzamujo began designing a ‘zero waste’ agriculture system that would not only increase food security, but also help the environment and create jobs. In 1985, he started his sustainable farm ‘Songhai’ in the West African country of Benin.(Nzamujo开始设计一个“零浪费”农业系统，这不仅将提高粮食安全，而且有助于环境和创造就业机会。1985年，他在西非国家贝宁开办了他的可持续农场“松海”)”可推知，第三段介绍Nzamujo的解决方案，“零浪费”农业系统。故选A项。 11．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Songhai has several ‘eco-literacy’ development programs. They range from 18-month training courses for farmer-enterprisers, to shorter stays to learn techniques like weeding. People come from all over the world to study Nzamujo’s methods.(松海有几个“生态素养”发展项目。他们为农民企业家提供为期18个月的培训课程，和在短期内学习除草等技术。人们从世界各地赶来学习Nzamujo的方法)”可知，Songhai项目通过培训农民来帮助缓解饥荒问题。故选C项。 12．推理判断题。根据第二段中“News of the drought across Africa in the early 1980s troubled Nzamujo. Equipped with a microbiology PhD and his faith, he travelled back to Africa.(20世纪80年代早期，非洲各地发生干旱的消息令Nzamujo感到不安。带着微生物学博士学位和他的信仰，他回到了非洲)”可知，获得微生物学博士学位的Nzamujo得知非洲人民遭受饥荒时，带着自己的知识和信仰回到非洲，去帮助那里的人们。由此推知，Nzamujo不但学识渊博而且有责任心。故选B项。 Passage 4 13．B 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如果气候变化持续升温，世界的海洋中的鱼类和其他生物可能会在未来100年内损失约六分之一。同时文章介绍了气候变化对海洋以及人类产生的其他影响。 13．词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的句子“The world’s oceans will likely lose about one-sixth of their fish and other creatures within 100 years if climate change continues on its current path. (如果气候继续以目前的方式变化，世界海洋可能会在100年内失去大约六分之一的鱼类和其他生物。)”以及“Every degree Celsius that the world’s oceans warm(全球海洋温度每升高一度)”以及划线词后面的内容“is expected to drop five percent(预计会下降5%)”可知，此处指出随着气候变化的影响，世界海洋中的鱼类和其他生物会失去大约六分之一；由此可知，全球海洋温度每升高一度，海洋中的生物总数预计会下降5%。因此划线词与B选项“Total marine life.( 海洋生物总数。)”为同义词。故选B。 14．细节理解题。根据第四段“The findings make sense and the possible effects of the predicted losses of animal life are huge.“Climate change has the potential to cause serious new conflicts over ocean resource use as the human population continues to grow,” said scientists.(这些发现是有道理的，预测的动物生命损失可能产生巨大影响。科学家们说：“随着人口的持续增长，气候变化有可能在海洋资源利用方面引发新的严重冲突。”)”可知，随着人口增长，气候变化可能会导致人类在海洋资源利用方面引发新的严重冲突，的原因是气候变化使得海洋动物生命周期变短，即资源不断减少。故选A。 15．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段““Those marine animals that we use directly, and care about most deeply, are predicted to suffer the most,” said Worm. He works at Canada’s Dalhousie University.(沃姆说：“那些我们直接使用、最关心的海洋动物预计将遭受最大的损失。”他在加拿大达尔豪斯大学工作)”可知，那些人类直接使用、最关心的海洋动物预计将遭受最大的损失，即人类最需要的海洋动物将遭受最大的伤害。故选D。 Passage 5 16.A 17.C 18.A 19.D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述我们对化石燃料的依赖及能源转移的前景和缺点。 16．主旨大意题。根据第二段“This incident serves as a timely reminder of just how reliant we are on fossil fuels. Despite our optimistic enthusiasm for wind and solar power, one way or another oil and gas use is shot through every part of our economic and social lives. That will be the case for many decades to come. (这一事件及时地提醒我们，我们是多么依赖化石燃料。尽管我们对风能和太阳能发电充满热情、抱有乐观的看法，但石油和天然气的使用以这种或那种方式贯穿于我们经济和社会生活的方方面面，今后几十年的情况也将如此。)”可知，石油和天然气这样的传统燃料对我们生活非常重要。故前两段主要讲传统燃料的重要性，故选A。 17．推理判断题。根据第四段“Energy usage is going to keep rising, while energy transitions (转变) tend to both take a very long time and never actually end. We just pile new sources on top of old. The world still uses much the same amount of traditional biomass (wood etc) as it did 100 years ago. We are running to stand still. (能源使用量将继续上升，而能源转变往往需要很长时间，而且永远不会真正结束。我们只是在旧的资源之上堆积新的来源。世界仍然使用与100年前相同数量的传统生物量（木材等）。我们仍然一动不动，没有改变。)”可知，能源转变耗时长，不会真正结束，故推知能源转变很难实现，故选C。 18．词义猜测题。根据第六段的第一句“Either way, the truth is that whether we like it or not our energy transition involves long term reliance on fossil fuels. (不管怎样，事实是，无论我们喜欢与否，我们的能源转型都需要长期依赖化石燃料)”和根据下文的“Instead, we should focus on making their extraction cleaner and more efficient while we wait for the engineering challenges around a renewables-led future to be solved.”（相反，在我们等待由可再生能源主导的未来的工程挑战被解决的同时，我们应该专注于使它们的开采更加清洁和高效）可知，我们需要长期依赖化石燃料，我们应该专注于使它们的开采更加清洁和高效。也就是说我们不能浪费化石燃料，故demolishing的意思是“浪费”，与wasting意义一致。故选A。 19．推理判断题。根据第六段“Either way, the truth is that whether we like it or not our energy transition involves long term reliance on fossil fuels. (无论哪种方式，事实是，无论我们喜欢与否，我们的能源转转变都涉及对化石燃料的长期依赖。)”及最后一段“If we don’t do this—if we allow ourselves to be beguiled by the idea that solar is so advanced that we no longer need filthy fuels to have ice cream, we, will find the future held back by needlessly expensive energy—and almost certainly ice-cream free. (如果我们不这样做——如果我们允许自己被太阳能的先进所欺骗，以至于我们认为不再需要肮脏的燃料来生产冰淇淋，我们就会发现未来被不必要的昂贵能源所阻碍——几乎可以肯定的是，没有冰淇淋。)”可知，我们仍然长期依赖化石燃料。如果只是依赖可再生能源的转移，我们将被这些能源所阻碍，故推知，作者认为不能只是依赖可再生能源，对转变成可再生能源持小心谨慎的态度。故选D。 Passage 6 1. E 2. B 3. D 4. G 5. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如何在度假时更好地保护环境的几条建议。 1.E　上文提到坐飞机不利于保护环境,下文提到英国也有很多值得去的地方,故空处应是建议大家选择不要坐飞机出行,选项E承上启下,符合题意。故选E项。 2.B　空处是本段的主旨句。根据本段中“Hotels can be huge producers of greenhouse gases—think about the water that’s wasted,all the bathroom products thrown out half used and all the buffet food that goes uneaten.So choose an eco-friendly option instead.”可知,本段主要讲述选择一个环保的住宿地,选项B “考虑环保住宿地”能概括本段大意,符合题意。故选B项。 3.D　上文“But if you insist on staying in the hotel,some of the things to look out for are hotels made from sustainable materials,which are energy efficient or use their own solar energy and that recycle.”是描述一些环保的酒店,选项D“一些酒店还有种植项目来吸引野生动物”与上文话题一致,故选D项。 4.G　根据下文“All of their bottles...come in plastic-free packaging.”可知,空处是讲述要携带环保产品,选项G“随身携带一些环保产品,比如家庭用品公司的产品”符合题意。故选G项。 5.C　下文具体讲述如何选择礼物,选项C“但你要确保仔细挑选物品”引起下文,故选C项。 Passage 7 1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主旨讲述了Alex和他的朋友们在发现电子垃圾对环境和人类健康构成的威胁后，通过创建Westerly Innovations Network（WIN）组织，积极采取行动，包括收集和处理电子垃圾、建立电子垃圾投放中心以及推动制定相关法律，以促进电子垃圾的安全处置和再利用，旨在减少电子垃圾对环境的污染，同时帮助那些没有电子设备的学生。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Alex五年级的时候，他在报纸上看到了一篇令人震惊的文章，上面说人们将旧电脑埋在后院，把电视机扔进小溪，把手机丢进垃圾堆。A. carrying携带；B. burying埋葬；C. taking拿走；D. destroying破坏。根据后文“throwing TVs into streams, and dumping cell phones in the garbage.”可知，设空处信息与后文构成并列，指人们将旧电脑埋在后院，把电视机扔进小溪，把手机丢进垃圾堆。故选B。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是很危险的，因为电子垃圾含有有害化学物质，会泄漏到环境中，进入农作物、动物、供水系统和人体内。A. subjects科目；B. restrictions限制；C. bacterial细菌的；D. chemicals化学物质。根据后文“that can leak into the environment getting into crops, animals, water supplies — and people.”可知，电子垃圾含有有害化学物质，会泄漏到环境中，进入农作物、动物、供水系统和人体内。故选D。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Alex和他的六个朋友两年前成立了这个组织，帮助解决社区问题。A. developed发展；B. recognized认识；C. formed形成，创立；D. restored恢复。根据后文“this organization to help solve community problems two years before.”可知，Alex和他的六个朋友两年前成立了这个组织。故选C。 4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们学习了如何正确处理电子垃圾以及如何回收利用。A. instantly立即；B. properly适当地，正确地；C. constantly不断地；D. gradually逐渐地。根据前文“how to dispose (处置) of e-waste”可知，他们学习了如何正确地处理电子垃圾。故选B。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们在当地报纸上登广告，并向学生分发通知，要求居民把他们不需要的电子产品带到学校的停车场。A. distributed分发；B. contributed贡献；C. established建立；D. conducted进行。根据后文“notices to students, asking residents”可知，Alex和朋友们向学生分发通知。故选A。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. unexpected意外的；B. unwanted不需要的；C. useless无用的；D. meaningless无意义的。根据前文“Alex and his friends went into action.”以及后文中“electronics to the school parking lot.”可知，Alex和朋友们采取行动处理电子垃圾，因此请求居民把不需要的电子产品带到学校的停车场。故选B。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次活动持续了两天，他们收集了超过9500公斤的电子垃圾。A. drive活动，运动；B. push推动；C. order命令；D. request请求。根据前文“They advertised in the local newspaper and distributed notices to students, asking residents to bring their unwanted electronics to the school parking lot.”可知，他们在当地报纸上登广告，并向学生分发通知，要求居民把他们不需要的电子产品带到学校的停车场，这个活动持续了两天。故选A。 8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：经过一番研究，他们了解到重复使用是处理电子设备的最佳方式，其效率是回收利用的七倍。A. break down分解；B. take in接受；C. expose to暴露于；D. deal with处理。根据前文“reusing is the best way”以及后文“they began leaning to refurbish (翻新) computers themselves”可知，Alex和朋友们开始学着自己翻新电脑，由此表明重复使用电子设备是处理电子设备的最佳方式。故选D。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：要想持久的解决电子垃圾问题，仅仅有一个回收中心是不够的。A. original原始的；B. physical物理的；C. lasting持久的；D. crucial至关重要的。根据后文“the drop-off center wasn’t enough”可知，要想长久的解决电子垃圾问题，一个回收中心是不够的。故选C。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该法案明确禁止倾倒电子垃圾。A. prevents阻止；B. permits允许；C. predicts预测；D. forbids禁止。根据前文“In 2016, WIN helped push for an e-waste bill in their town, which required companies that manufactured or sold electronics to take back e-waste.”可知，2016年，WIN帮助推动了他们镇上的一项电子垃圾法案，该法案禁止倾倒电子垃圾。故选D。 迁移应用篇 一、用适当的介词或副词填空 1.in　2.out　3.to　4.to　5.of　6.of　7.up　8.out　9.for　10.out 【详解】 1.in 固定搭配：get stuck in the rut 陷入一成不变的困境、墨守成规。句意：我们是想要有所成就，还是甘愿困在一成不变的生活里？ 2.out 固定搭配：get stressed out 压力过大、疲惫焦虑。句意：何必焦虑不堪？只会让事情变得更糟。 3.to 固定搭配：be related to… 与……有关。句意：这两件事彼此相关。 4.to 固定搭配：be addicted to… 沉迷于……；对……上瘾。句意：这个男孩沉迷网络游戏，不愿学习。 5.of 固定搭配：instead of 代替；而不是。句意：与其高喊空洞的口号，不如向贫困儿童捐赠书籍和体育用品，这样更有意义。 6.of 固定搭配：full of 充满……。句意：嘴里塞满食物说话是不礼貌的。 7.up 固定搭配：pick up （开车）接人。句意：我已经安排汤姆去机场接专家。 8.out 固定搭配：wipe out 消灭，彻底清除。句意：无论敌人何时来袭，他们都会被彻底消灭。 9.for 固定搭配：the reason for ……的原因（reason后搭配介词for）。句意：实验失败的原因是他们缺少必要经验。 10.out 固定搭配：die out （物种）灭绝，消亡。句意：我们是时候行动起来保护濒危动物，防止它们灭绝了。 二、应用文写作 【参考范文】 How to reduce carbon emission Every year billion tons of carbon dioxide is added into the air, which in part results in global warming and climate changes. Life on this planet will be gravely affected unless we take measures to reduce carbon emission. To achieve this aim, I think the entire society should form the concept of energy-saving and do what we can in our daily life. In the first place, we can replace the traditional electric bulbs with the energy-saving ones. By saving energy this way, we can reduce a lot of carbon emission. Second, choose public transportation instead of driving your own car. We can imagine that the fewer cars on the road, the less carbon dioxide will be emitted into the air. Third, when you are shopping, select the goods with simple package and don’t forget to use recyclable bags instead of plastic ones. In a nutshell, reducing carbon emission in our daily life is not difficult. As long as we all make some efforts, we can make a big difference. 【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生想出一些可以减少碳排放的方法，并加以说明。 【详解】1.词汇积累 导致：result in→lead to 严重地：gravely→seriously 全部：entire→whole 而不是：instead of→rather than 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：In a nutshell, reducing carbon emission in our daily life is not difficult. 拓展句：In a nutshell, reducing carbon emission in our daily life is not difficult as we imagine. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Every year billion tons of carbon dioxide is added into the air, which in part results in global warming and climate changes.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】We can imagine that the fewer cars on the road, the less carbon dioxide will be emitted into the air.（运用了that引导的宾语从句和the more…the more…的句型） 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 3 Conservation 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 识·单元要点概览 读·外刊拓展阅读 （来源：Nature Climate Change） Win–wins for Wind and Whales Offshore wind power is a powerful tool to fight climate change. It produces clean energy without releasing greenhouse gases. However, building offshore wind farms creates loud noise underwater. Such noise is harmful to ocean wildlife, especially the North Atlantic right whales, a critically endangered species. For a long time, people faced a difficult problem. On one hand, we need more renewable energy to cut carbon emissions. On the other hand, construction noise may disturb whales’ communication, feeding and migration, threatening their survival. A recent study brings good news. Careful planning and modern noise-reduction technology can greatly reduce the influence of wind farm construction on North Atlantic right whales. What’s more, the extra cost of these measures is relatively low. This means we can achieve a win-win situation. Countries can develop offshore wind projects to slow global warming, while protecting precious marine animals at the same time. The research was published in Nature Climate Change on 17 July 2026. Anna C. Nisi wrote this commentary article. Related research offers practical ideas for balancing green energy development and wildlife protection. It offers hope for the blue economy: human development and nature conservation do not have to be opposites. 【全文翻译】 风电与鲸鱼的双赢 海上风电是应对气候变化的有力工具。它产生清洁能源，不会释放温室气体。然而，建设海上风电场会在水下产生巨大噪音。这种噪音对海洋野生动物有害，尤其是对极度濒危的物种——北大西洋露脊鲸。 长期以来，人们面临着一个难题。一方面，我们需要更多可再生能源来减少碳排放。另一方面，施工噪音可能会干扰鲸鱼的交流、觅食和迁徙，威胁它们的生存。 最近的一项研究带来了好消息。精心的规划和现代降噪技术可以大大减少风电场建设对北大西洋露脊鲸的影响。更重要的是，这些措施的额外成本相对较低。 这意味着我们可以实现双赢。各国可以开发海上风电项目来减缓全球变暖，同时保护珍贵的海洋动物。 该研究于2026年7月17日发表在《自然·气候变化》期刊上。安娜·C·尼西撰写了这篇评论文章。相关研究为平衡绿色能源开发和野生动物保护提供了切实可行的思路。它为蓝色经济带来了希望：人类发展与自然保护不必是对立的。 【核心词汇】 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ① offshore adj. 海上的；近海的 ② wind power 风能；风力发电 ③ climate change 气候变化 ④ greenhouse gas 温室气体 ⑤ offshore wind farm 海上风电场 ⑥ underwater adv. 在水下 ⑦ North Atlantic right whale 北大西洋露脊鲸 ⑧ critically adv. 极其；严重地（critically endangered 极度濒危） ⑨ renewable energy 可再生能源 ⑩ carbon emission 碳排放 ⑪ disturb v. 干扰；打扰 ⑫ migration n. 迁徙；迁移 ⑬ threat v. 威胁（threaten 的动词形式） ⑭ noise-reduction technology 降噪技术 ⑮ measure n. 措施；方法 ⑯ relatively adv. 相对地；比较地 ⑰ win-win situation 双赢局面 ⑱ precious adj. 珍贵的；宝贵的 ⑲ marine animal 海洋动物 ⑳ commentary article 评论文章 ㉑ blue economy 蓝色经济（指可持续利用海洋资源的经济模式） ㉒ conservation n. 保护 ㉓ opposite n. 对立面；相反的事物 【长难句分析】 1. However, building offshore wind farms creates loud noise underwater. 句意：然而，建设海上风电场会在水下产生巨大噪音。 分析：本句主语是 building offshore wind farms，为动名词短语作主语，表示“建设海上风电场”这一行为；谓语是 creates；宾语是 loud noise；underwater 是副词作地点状语，修饰整个句子，说明噪音产生的位置。 2. Such noise is harmful to ocean wildlife, especially the North Atlantic right whales, a critically endangered species. 句意：这种噪音对海洋野生动物有害，尤其是对极度濒危的物种——北大西洋露脊鲸。 分析：主干为 Such noise is harmful to ocean wildlife；especially the North Atlantic right whales 是 ocean wildlife 的同位语，对其进行具体举例说明；a critically endangered species 是 North Atlantic right whales 的同位语，进一步说明其濒危状态。两个同位语层层递进，使信息更加具体明确。 3. Careful planning and modern noise-reduction technology can greatly reduce the influence of wind farm construction on North Atlantic right whales. 句意：精心的规划和现代降噪技术可以大大减少风电场建设对北大西洋露脊鲸的影响。 分析：本句主语是并列结构 Careful planning and modern noise-reduction technology（两个并列名词短语）；谓语是 can greatly reduce；宾语是 the influence；of wind farm construction 是介词短语作后置定语修饰 influence（表示“风电场建设的影响”）；on North Atlantic right whales 是另一个介词短语作后置定语，进一步修饰 influence，表示影响的对象（对……的影响）。 4. It offers hope for the blue economy: human development and nature conservation do not have to be opposites. 句意：它为蓝色经济带来了希望：人类发展与自然保护不必是对立的。 分析：主干为 It offers hope for the blue economy；冒号后的 human development and nature conservation do not have to be opposites 是同位语从句，对前面的 hope 进行具体解释说明。do not have to be 意为“不必是”，表达了乐观的态度；opposites 是名词复数形式，意为“对立面”，作表语。 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 (2024·山东聊城高二检测) I first realized that plastic was a serious matter for our planet during my travel in Western Australia.One day about 12 years ago,I stopped at a supermarket along the Coral Bay coast to buy some groceries.But the lady at the counter told me that the supermarket didn’t sell any shopping bags to prevent plastic in the ocean and help preserve the endangered turtles(海龟) living in that area.After a first reaction of surprise,I gathered all purchases in my arms and left,reflecting on what I had been told. The experience in that trip made me more conscious about my impact and pushed me to adopt various habits to travel and live more sustainably.For example,I always carried a cotton bag when I went shopping. My travel to Indonesia was another life-changing experience that strengthened my determination to turn to a zero-waste lifestyle.In Indonesia,finding safe drinkable water was always a challenge,so I traveled with my water bottle,managing to avoid almost entirely the use of plastic during my trip. However,I was seriously struck by my stay on the Libaran Island,where a sustainable and turtle conservation project was launched 10 years ago.Despite the big efforts by the project staff and the community in cleaning up the beaches and creatively reusing plastic,the shore was washed daily with tons of plastic coming from the tides.Walking on a carpet of plastic that almost prevented me from seeing the beach underneath was quite shocking. Facing this global issue in person,I felt a sense of sadness and anger that soon turned into determination:to do as much as possible to reduce plastic in my life.Sometimes we might feel helpless in front of big problems,but we should be aware that small changes could actually make a difference step by step! 1.How does the author lead in the topic of the text? A.By reflecting on the present life. B.By looking into the future environment. C.By introducing the previous achievements. D.By recalling the past shopping experience. 2.What did the author decide to do after the trip about 12 years ago? A.Cut back on travel. B.Shop less frequently. C.Lead a green life. D.Rurify drinking water. 3.What do we know about the project in paragraph 4? A.It had no clear goal. B.It didn’t work out very well. C.It met the islanders’ needs. D.It was aimed to prevent turtle attacks. 4.What does the author think of the plastic problem? A.It is demanding. B.It is manageable. C.It is easy to solve. D.It’s lacking in attention. Passage 2 (2024·辽宁抚顺高二检测) Animals being extinct from the Earth is a serious issue.When this happens in order to use their fur or skin for fashion,it is even worse,since it’s not even for a matter of human survival.That’s why a London zoo decided to make a powerful statement at the Siamese crocodile enclosure (鳄鱼围栏). When visitors come in expecting to see a crocodile,they’re greeted with the handbag instead,making a very effective and powerful point about illegal wildlife trade and the harm it takes on the species involved. A sign by the enclosure reads,“This bag used to be found swimming in slow-moving rivers and streams across Southeast Asia and Indonesia.Over the last 75 years,more than 80% of Siamese crocodiles have disappeared.Many,like this one,were hunted for their skins as part of the illegal wildlife trade.” Native to parts of Southeast Asia,Siamese crocodiles are critically endangered and have become virtually extinct in the wild.Due to hunting as well as habitat loss,they are now absent from nearly 99% of their original range.A huge part of the decline of population is due to humans using their wetland habitat for ricefarming,and things only took a turn for the worse when large-scale hunting for their skin for commercial purposes began in the 1950s. The particular handbag that is on display at the zoo was confiscated at a UK airport,according to Benjamin Tapley,leader of reptiles and amphibians at ZSL London Zoo. Tapley told The Huffington Post,“We made this exhibit,within ZSL London Zoo’s Reptile House,to draw visitors’ attention to the destructive impact the Illegal Wildlife Trade (IWT) is having on species around the world.At ZSL,we are working globally with governments and local communities to protect wildlife,support law enforcement (执法) that targets illegal trade networks,empower local communities affected by IWT and reduce demand for threatened wildlife.” 5.Why does the sign say this handbag used to swim? A.It is made of a crocodile’s skin. B.It is made into a crocodile shape. C.It is light enough to float on water. D.It was kept in flowing river at first. 6.What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A.Wildly hunting of Siamese crocodiles. B.Destruction of Siamese crocodiles’ habitats. C.Commercial value of Siamese crocodiles. D.Causes to make Siamese crocodiles endangered. 7.What does the underlined word “confiscated” in paragraph 5 mean? A.Seized. B.Sold. C.Found. D.Stolen. 8.What do Tapley’s words focus on? A.The importance of wildlife protection. B.The crisis endangered animals are facing. C.The purpose to show the handbag. D.The harm IWT caused. Passage 3 Thirty-five years ago, with just one acre of land, a couple of seeds and a bucket of hope, one Nigerian-born scientist began his mission to defeat famine (饥荒) on his continent. News of the drought across Africa in the early 1980s troubled Nzamujo. Equipped with a microbiology PhD and his faith, he travelled back to Africa. There, he found a continent ecologically rich, diverse and capable of producing food. He believes drought wasn’t the only reason for widespread hunger, and that sustainability had been left out. Nzamujo began designing a “zero waste” agriculture system that would not only increase food security, but also help the environment and create jobs. In 1985, he started his sustainable farm “Songhai” in the West African country of Benin. Nzamajo lives on the farm and constantly updates his techniques. He credits his degrees in science and engineering for Songhai’s success. But he also thanks his spiritual and cultural roots, and his father — a driving force in his life who encouraged him to pursue his studies to the highest degree and to use Songhai to share his knowledge. Songhai has several “eco-literacy” development programs. They range from 18-month training courses for farmer-enterprisers, to shorter stays to learn techniques like weeding. People come from all over the world to study Nzamujo’s methods. After seeing success on his first zero waste farm, he expanded throughout Benin and western Africa. Today, the Songhai model is applied across the continent, including Nigena. Uganda, Sierra Leone and Liberia, Nzamujo says they've trained more than 7.000 farmer-enterprisers and more than 30, 000 people in total since it began. Nzamujo believes zero waste agriculture is now steadily tackling the issues he set out to defeat, hunger, unemployment and environmental declines. And he wants to see it go further. 9．Which factor related to famine was unnoticed in Nzamujo’s eyes? A．Poor soil. B．Water shortage. C．Lack of resources. D．Unsustainability. 10．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3? A．Introduce a solution. B．Give examples to the readers. C．Add some background information. D．Summarize the previous paragraphs. 11．How does Songhai help to ease the problem of famine? A．By offering land. B．By trading seeds. C．By educating farmers. D．By selling technology. 12．Which of the following best describes Nzamujo? A．Critical and careful. B．Learned and responsible. C．Optimistic and generous. D．Considerate and ambitious. Passage 4 The world’s oceans will likely lose about one-sixth of their fish and other creatures within 100 years if climate change continues on its current path. Every degree Celsius that the world’s oceans warm, their biomass is expected to drop five percent, a study found. The study predicts that if there is no change in the rate of worldwide greenhouse gas production, there will be a 17-percent loss of biomass by the year 2100. But, if the world reduces carbon pollution, biomass losses could be limited to only about 5 percent. Warming temperatures are the biggest issue. But climate change also produces oceans that are more acidic and have less oxygen. This also harms sea life. Much of the world depends on the oceans for food or work. The findings make sense and the possible effects of the predicted losses of animal life are huge. “Climate change has the potential to cause serious new conflicts over ocean resource use as the human population continues to grow,” said scientists. Marine biologist Boris Worm, who helped run the study, added that the “building blocks of marine life—plankton and bacteria—may decline less heavily.” “Those marine animals that we use directly, and care about most deeply, are predicted to suffer the most,” said Worm. He works at Canada’s Dalhousie University. Scientists had already believed climate change would likely reduce future ocean life. But past computer-based studies looked at only part of the picture or used only one model. The latest study used six different computer models to give the best picture look yet, William Cheung said. University of Georgia marine biologist Samantha Joye was not part of the research. But she praised the study as well researched and extremely detailed, and called it “an urgent call for action”. 13．What does the underlined word “biomass” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Ocean temperature. B．Total marine life. C．Sea condition. D．Ocean level. 14．Why do scientists think that climate change might cause conflicts? A．It may reduce the sea resource. B．It leads to the extinction of marine life. C．It pollutes the environment of the ocean. D．It may increase the world population. 15．Which sea animals will be harmed the worst by sea warming? A．The largest ones. B．The ones in deep oceans. C．The bacteria on sea surface. D．Those we humans need most. Passage 5 Earlier this week the online UK supermarket Ocado told its customers that it had “limited ability” to deliver ice ream. Why? Because the price of natural gas has increased greatly, which has hit the supply of CO2 in the UK. And that has led to a cut in the supply of dry ice that supermarkets use to keep food cool in their delivery vans (小型货车). So no ice cream. This mini crisis has been fairly quickly resolve, for now at least. However, that doesn’t mean you shouldn’t worry. This incident serves as a timely reminder of just how reliant we are on fossil fuels. Despite our optimistic enthusiasm for wind and solar power, one way or another oil and gas use is shot through every part of our economic and social lives. That will be the case for many decades to come. In his recently updated book There is No Planet B, Mike Berners-Lee lays out the challenge. When we talk about shifting from fossil fuels to clean energy of one kind or another, we aren’t discussing taking the amount of energy we use now and producing that amount in a different way. Instead, our target is always on the move. The more energy we can get our hands on, the more we use—even if our use of it becomes more efficient. Energy usage is going to keep rising, while energy transitions (转变) tend to both take a very long time and never actually end. We just pile new sources on top of old. The world still uses much the same amount of traditional biomass (wood etc) as it did 100 years ago. We are running to stand still. This will change. But not as fast as you might like to think. In 2019, 33 percent of our new power generation needs were met by renewable energy. That’s a start. But 40 percent were met by natural gas. There’s urgency here of course—which might speed things up. But there is something else that might slow us down. It didn’t take much to move people to fossil fuels—they are relatively easy to extract, relatively easy to transport, hugely energy dense and efficient and, of course, cheap. Until their externalities were understood, who could possibly have objected? Our current transition is different: people and companies will switch not because the new sources are easier to access, cheaper or more energy dense but because regulation mandates that they must. Either way, the truth is that whether we like it or not our energy transition involves long term reliance on fossil fuels. That means we should stop demolishing them. Instead, we should focus on making their extraction cleaner and more efficient while we wait for the engineering challenges around a renewables-led future to be solved. If we don’t do this—if we allow ourselves to be beguiled by the idea that solar is so advanced that we no longer need filthy fuels to have ice cream, we, will find the future held back by needlessly expensive energy—and almost certainly ice-cream free. 16．What do the first two paragraphs mainly show? A．The necessity for traditional fuels. B．Our enthusiasm for clean energy. C．The seriousness of energy crisis. D．UK’s dependence on dry ice. 17．According to Mike Berners-Lee, ______. A．we have more types of energy on hand B．the use of energy becomes more efficient C．energy transition is far from being realized D．we are closer to the aim of replacing fossil fuels 18．The underlined word “demolising” in Paragraph 6 can be replaced by ______. A．wasting B．devaluing C．distributing D．justifying 19．What is the writer’s attitude toward the transition to the renewable energy? A．Indifferent. B．Defensive. C．Disapproving D．Cautious. Passage 6 (2024·浙江宁波高二检测) Going on holiday doesn’t have to be bad for the environment,and there are still plenty of ways in which you can have a much-deserved break without harming the environment. Forget planes. While most forms of transport produce carbon dioxide,one of the gases responsible for global warming,planes have a massive carbon footprint because of the huge number of miles they travel.　1　 There’s so much to see and do in the U.K.,yet most of us overlook the endless possibilities.There’s the unparalleled beauty of the Cornish coast and the Peak and Lake District.Enjoy the history of a stunning Welsh castle,try boating on the Norfolk Broads or riding the “Hogwarts Express” across Scotland.Or try taking the train over to Europe—within six hours of London are Amsterdam’s famous art galleries.Alternatively,take the car to Cannes in just over half a day or the ferry to Scandinavia for holidays you’d normally only dream of.  　2　  Hotels can be huge producers of greenhouse gases—think about the water that’s wasted,all the bathroom products thrown out half used and all the buffet food that goes uneaten.So choose an eco-friendly option instead.Camping and a homestay—where you live with a family in their own home—are two of the best options.But if you insist on staying in the hotel,some of the things to look out for are hotels made from sustainable materials,which are energy efficient or use their own solar energy and that recycle.　3　  Pack with care. The less you take,the lighter your carbon footprint,because the heavier your luggage is,the more fuel it takes to carry.So pack light and responsibly.　4　 All of their bottles,from shampoo and conditioner to body wash and moisturizer,are now made from recycled plastic that can be repurposed again and again so no new plastic is produced.And their iconic soap bars now also come in plastic-free packaging.  Buy gifts responsibly. Bringing back gifts for friends and loved ones is part of the fun of a holiday.　5　 Avoid anything plastic,or if it is plastic,make sure it is 100% recyclable,and make sure your friends will love whatever you give them so it isn’t just thrown in the bin headed for landfill.Try to buy presents made by local craftsmen,which will benefit the community and help their economy.And don’t bring back anything made from shells,corals or animal products,because you don’t know if they’re from sustainable sources.  A.Consider living in an eco-friendly hotel. B.Think about eco-friendly accommodation. C.But make sure you choose items carefully. D.Some also have planting programs to attract wildlife. E.Why not skip flying in favor of a holiday closer to home? F.Rather than lie on a beach,why not help our precious planet when you’re away? G.Take environmentally-friendly products with you,such as products from a household company. Passage 7 When Alex was in the 5th grade, he read an alarming article in the newspaper, which said that people were 1 old computers in backyards, throwing TVs into streams, and dumping cell phones in the garbage. This is dangerous because e-waste contains harmful 2 that can leak into the environment getting into crops, animals, water supplies — and people. Alex was worried and decided to make it the next project for WIN—the Westerly Innovations Network. Alex and six of his friends had 3 this organization to help solve community problems two years before. But what could they do about this project with e-waste? The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans. They learned how to dispose (处置) of e-waste 4 and how it could be recycled. Then, they sent out a survey and found only one in eight knew what e-waste was, let alone how to dispose of it. Alex and his friends went into action. They advertised in the local newspaper and 5 notices to students, asking residents to bring their 6 electronics to the school parking lot. The 7 lasted two days, and they collected over 9, 500 kilograms of e-waste. The next step was to set up a long-term e-waste drop-off center for the town. After some research, they’d learned that reusing is the best way to 8 electronic devices and it is seven times more efficient than recycling. So, they began leaning to refurbish (翻新) computers themselves and distributed them to students who didn’t have their own. In this way, they could help students in the area and protect the environment at the same time. For a 9 solution to e-waste, the drop-off center wasn’t enough. Laws would have to be passed. In 2016, WIN helped push for an e-waste bill in their town, which required companies that manufactured or sold electronics to take back e-waste. The bill clearly 10 the dumping of e-waste. Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about the safe disposal of e-waste. As Alex says, “Today’s technology should not become tomorrow’s harmful garbage.” 1．A．carrying B．burying C．taking D．destroying 2．A．subjects B．restrictions C．bacterial D．chemicals 3．A．developed B．recognized C．formed D．restored 4．A．instantly B．properly C．constantly D．gradually 5．A．distributed B．contributed C．established D．conducted 6．A．unexpected B．unwanted C．useless D．meaningless 7．A．drive B．push C．order D．request 8．A．break down B．take in C．expose to D．deal with 9．A．original B．physical C．lasting D．crucial 10．A．prevents B．permits C．predicts D．forbids 迁移应用篇 一、用适当的介词或副词填空 1.Do we want to get somewhere or do we want to get stuck 　　　　　the rut(车辙)?  2.Why get stressed　　　　　?It will just make things worse.  3.These two events were related 　　　　　each other.  4.The boy became addicted 　　　　　　 computer games and didn’t want to study.  5.Instead　　　　　shouting empty slogans (口号),it is more meaningful to donate books and sports goods to children in need.  6.It is impolite to speak with your mouth full　　　　　food.  7.I have arranged for Tom to pick 　　　　　the experts at the airport.  8.No matter when the enemies come,they will be wiped　　　　　 clean.  9.The reason 　　　　　the failure of the experiment was that they lacked necessary experience.  10.It is high time that we did something to protect those endangered animals before they die 　　　　　.  二、应用文写作 目前，每年空气中都会增加很多二氧化碳，碳排放已经严重污染了全球环境，请你想出一些可 以减少碳排放的方法，并加以说明。 1．词数 100 左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ $ Unit 3 Conservation 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 参考答案 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B Passage 2 5.A 2. D 3. A 4. C Passage 3 9．D 10．A 11．C 12．B Passage 4 13．B 14．A 15．D Passage 5 16.A 17.C 18.A 19.D Passage 6 1. E 2. B 3. D 4. G 5. C Passage 7 1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．D 迁移应用篇 一、用适当的介词或副词填空 1.in　2.out　3.to　4.to　5.of　6.of　7.up　8.out　9.for　10.out 二、应用文写作 【参考范文】 How to reduce carbon emission Every year billion tons of carbon dioxide is added into the air, which in part results in global warming and climate changes. Life on this planet will be gravely affected unless we take measures to reduce carbon emission. To achieve this aim, I think the entire society should form the concept of energy-saving and do what we can in our daily life. In the first place, we can replace the traditional electric bulbs with the energy-saving ones. By saving energy this way, we can reduce a lot of carbon emission. Second, choose public transportation instead of driving your own car. We can imagine that the fewer cars on the road, the less carbon dioxide will be emitted into the air. Third, when you are shopping, select the goods with simple package and don’t forget to use recyclable bags instead of plastic ones. In a nutshell, reducing carbon emission in our daily life is not difficult. As long as we all make some efforts, we can make a big difference. 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $