专题10 句子成分、句子种类(讲义)-2027年云南省(职教高考)《英语一轮讲练测》(原卷版+解析版)

2026-07-30
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编写说明:2027年云南省(职教高考)《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练,在编写中融入支架式教学理念,紧扣教材,将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单,以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础,再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强,实操性好,为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径,高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是2027年云南省(职教高考)《英语一轮讲练测》的第10个专题,内容为句子成分、句子种类。 2027年云南省(职教高考)《英语一轮讲练测》 专题10 句子成分、句子种类(复习讲义) 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 句子成分概述 即时训练 考点2 七大句子成分详解 即时训练 考点3 句子种类 即时训练 04 真题溯源·考向感知 【复习目标】 句子成分和句子种类是英语语法的基石,虽然不是直接考查频率最高的考点,但理解句子成分对于分析句子结构、解答其他类型的题目至关重要。考生需重点掌握:句子成分的划分方法、五种基本句型、感叹句的构成(What与How的区别)、反意疑问句的规则(前肯后否/前否后肯)。在阅读理解中,能够分析长难句的结构,判断句子成分,有助于准确理解句意。考生需熟练掌握句子成分的划分方法,能够准确判断句子中各个成分的功能;掌握四种句子用途分类和结构分类;重点掌握感叹句、反意疑问句的构成规则,以及简单句五种基本句型。 【考点1 句子成分概述】 概念:句子成分是句子中起不同语法作用的组成部分。英语的句子成分主要有七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补足语。 成分 作用 常用词性 例句 主语 句子叙述的主体(动作发出者/被描述对象) 名词、代词、动名词、不定式、从句 Tom plays football.(名词) He is tall.(代词) Reading is good.(动名词) 谓语 说明主语的动作/状态(不可缺) 实义动词/系动词 She sings well.(实义动词) It sounds wonderful.(连系动词+表语) 宾语 动作的承受者(及物动词后) 名词、代词、动名词、不定式、从句 We like English.(名词) He wants to go.(不定式) I know he is right.(从句) 表语 说明主语的身份/性质/状态(连系动词后) 形容词、名词、代词、分词、介词短语 She is happy.(形容词) He is a teacher.(名词) They are in the room.(介词短语) 定语 修饰名词/代词(限定范围) 形容词、分词、介词短语、从句 a beautiful flower(形容词) the book on the desk(介词短语) the girl who is smiling(从句) 状语 修饰动词/形容词/句子(表时间/地点/方式等) 副词、介词短语、分词、从句 He runs fast.(副词) She studies in Beijing.(介词短语) Smiling, he said.(分词) 宾语补足语 补充说明宾语的动作/状态(及物动词后) 动词原形、分词、形容词、介词短语 I saw her dancing.(分词) Make it clean.(形容词) We keep him in the room.(介词短语) 【即时训练】 1. 指出下列句子中的主语:She reads books every day. 2. 指出下列句子中的谓语:The boy is playing football. 3. 指出下列句子中的宾语:I like apples. 4. 指出下列句子中的定语:The red book is mine. 5. 指出下列句子中的状语:He runs quickly. 【考点2 七大句子成分详解】 一、 主语 概念:主语是句子的主体,表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”,位于句首(除疑问句等特殊情况外)。 可作主语的成分: 成分 示例 名词 The book is interesting. 代词 He is a doctor. 数词 Three is enough. 不定式 To learn English is important. 动名词 Swimming is good for health. 从句 What he said is true. 注意:不定式或动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。常用it作形式主语,将真正的主语后置:It is important to learn English. 【即时训练】 1. ______ is good for health. A. Run B. Running C. Ran D. Runs 2. ______ is a fact. A. He coming B. That he comes C. He comes D. Him come 3. It is important ______ English well. A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned 二、 谓语 概念:谓语说明主语的动作或状态,是句子的核心部分,由动词充当谓语。 类型 结构 示例 简单谓语 一个实义动词(短语) He reads books. / She gets up early. 系动词 He is a teacher. / She feels happy. 复合谓语 情态动词 + 动词原形 She can swim. / You must go. 助动词 + 动词不同形态 I will visit my parents next weekend. 注意:谓语动词有时态、语态、语气的变化。谓语动词必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致。 【即时训练】 1. 找出下列句子中的谓语:She can speak English very well. 2. 找出下列句子中的谓语:The flowers look beautiful. 3. He ______ to school every day. A. go B. goes C. going D. went 三、宾语 概念:宾语表示动作的承受者或对象,位于及物动词或介词之后。 可作宾语的成分: 成分 示例 名词 I like apples. 代词 He helps me. 数词 Give two. 不定式 She wants to go. 动名词 He enjoys reading. 从句 I think that he is right. 【即时训练】 1. 指出下列句子中的宾语:He bought a book yesterday. 2. 指出下列句子中的间接宾语和直接宾语:She gave me a pen. 3. He enjoys ______ very much. A. swim B. to swim C. swimming D. swam 四、定语 概念:定语用来修饰名词或代词,说明其性质、特征、数量、所属等。 定语的位置: 位置 说明 示例 前置定语 放在名词前 a red apple three books an interesting story 后置定语 放在名词后 the book on the desk the man standing there the letter written yesterday 可作定语的成分: 成分 示例 形容词 a beautiful girl 名词 a school bus 代词 my book / his pen 数词 two students 介词短语 the book on the desk 分词 the sleeping boy / the broken window 不定式 something to eat 从句 the man who is standing there 【即时训练】 1. 指出下列句子中的定语:The beautiful girl is my sister. 2. 指出下列句子中的定语:The book on the desk is mine. 3. The boy ______ there is my brother. A. stand B. to stand C. standing D. stood 五、状语 概念:状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,表示时间、地点、方式、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、让步等。 状语的类型: 类型 示例 时间状语 He gets up at 6:00. / Yesterday, I went to school. 地点状语 She lives in Beijing. / There, he met his friend. 方式状语 He runs quickly. / She speaks slowly. 原因状语 He is crying because of the pain. 目的状语 He came to borrow my book. 结果状语 He is too young to go to school. 程度状语 She is very beautiful. / I completely agree. 条件状语 If it rains, we will stay at home. 让步状语 Although it rained, he went out. 状语的位置:副词状语通常位于动词之后、形容词之前或句首。介词短语状语通常位于句首或句末。不定式状语通常位于句末。 【即时训练】 1. 指出下列句子中的状语:He runs quickly. 2. 指出下列句子中的状语:She goes to school by bus every day. 3. He got up early ______ the bus. A. catch B. to catch C. catching D. caught 六、表语 概念:表语位于系动词之后,说明主语的身份、特征、性质或状态。 常用系动词: 状态系动词:be(am/is/are/was/were) 持续系动词:keep, remain, stay, lie 变化系动词:become, get, turn, grow, go, come 感官系动词:look, sound, taste, smell, feel, seem, appear 可作表语的成分: 成分 示例 名词 He is a teacher. 形容词 She feels happy. 代词 This book is mine. 数词 He is first. 副词 She is out. 介词短语 He is in the room. 不定式 My dream is to become a teacher. 动名词 Her hobby is collecting stamps. 从句 The question is whether he will come. 【即时训练】 1. 指出下列句子中的表语:She is a doctor. 2. 指出下列句子中的表语:The food tastes delicious. 3. He looks ______. A. happily B. happy C. happiness D. happly 七、补足语 概念:补足语用来补充说明宾语或主语的意义,分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。 1. 宾语补足语 结构:主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 可作宾语补足语的成分: 成分 示例 名词 We made him monitor. 形容词 They painted the wall white. 不定式 He asked me to help him. 现在分词 I saw him playing basketball. 过去分词 I had my hair cut. 常见带宾补的动词:make, let, have, keep, find, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, call, name, think, consider, believe, leave, paint, want, ask, tell, encourage, allow 2. 主语补足语 结构:主语 + 谓语(被动语态)+ 主语补足语 例: 主动:We made him monitor.(him是宾语,monitor是宾补) 被动:He was made monitor.(He是主语,monitor是主补) 【即时训练】 1. 指出下列句子中的宾语补足语:We made him monitor. 2. 指出下列句子中的宾语补足语:They painted the wall white. 3. I found the door ______. A. lock B. to lock C. locking D. locked 【考点3 句子种类】 一、按用途分类 1. 陈述句:用于陈述事实或表达观点。 形式 结构 示例 肯定陈述句 主语 + 谓语 I am a student. / He likes music. 否定陈述句 主语 + be + not / 助动词 + not + 动词 I am not a student. / He doesn't like music. 2. 疑问句:用于提出问题。 (1)一般疑问句:用yes/no回答。 结构 示例 Be + 主语 + ...? Are you a student? 情态动词 + 主语 + ...? Can you swim? 助动词 + 主语 + ...? Do you like music? / Have you finished? (2)特殊疑问句:以疑问词开头,询问特定信息。 疑问词 用途 示例 What 询问事物 What is your name? Who 询问人 Who is he? Whose 询问所属 Whose book is this? Which 询问选择 Which one do you want? Where 询问地点 Where do you live? When 询问时间 When will you come? Why 询问原因 Why are you late? How 询问方式/程度 How are you? / How many books? (3)选择疑问句:提供两个或多个选项,用or连接。 结构:一般疑问句 + or + 选项? 例:Is he a teacher or a student? 例:Do you like tea or coffee? (4)反意疑问句:附在陈述句后的简短问句。 结构:肯定陈述句 + 否定反问?/ 否定陈述句 + 肯定反问? 规则: 前肯后否:He is a student, isn't he? 前否后肯:He isn't a student, is he? 注意: 陈述句部分含no, never, nothing, nobody, hardly, seldom等否定词时,视为否定,反问部分用肯定。 例:He never comes late, does he? 祈使句后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you。 例:Open the door, will you? 3. 祈使句:用于表达命令、请求、建议等。 形式 结构 示例 肯定祈使句 动词原形 + ... Open the door. / Please sit down. 否定祈使句 Don't + 动词原形 + ... Don't open the door. / Don't be late. 4. 感叹句:用于表达强烈的感情。 (1)What引导的感叹句: 结构:What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语! 名词类型 结构 示例 可数名词单数 What + a/an + adj. + 单数名词 + 主谓! What a beautiful flower it is! 可数名词复数 What + adj. + 复数名词 + 主谓! What beautiful flowers they are! 不可数名词 What + adj. + 不可数名词 + 主谓! What fine weather it is! (2)How引导的感叹句: 结构:How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语! 例: How beautiful the flower is! How fast he runs! 注意:How也可以修饰动词,结构为:How + 主语 + 谓语! How time flies! 时间过得真快! 二、按结构分类 1. 简单句:只包含一个主谓结构。 五种基本句型: 句型类型 结构 示例 主谓(S+V) 主语+不及物动词(无宾语) The sun rises. They laughed. 主系表(S+V+P) 主语+连系动词+表语 It sounds wonderful. She is happy. 主谓宾(S+V+O) 主语+及物动词+宾语 We should turn off lights. He likes English. 主谓双宾(S+V+IO+DO) 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 He gave me a book. She told us a story. 主谓宾宾补(S+V+O+C) 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 I saw her sitting. We keep the room clean. 2. 并列句:由并列连词连接两个或多个简单句。 常用并列连词: 顺承关系:and, not only...but also...(不仅……而且……) 转折关系:but, yet, while(而) 选择关系:or, either...or...(要么……要么……) 因果关系:for, so 例: He is a teacher, and she is a doctor. 他是老师,她是医生。 I like music, but he likes sports. 我喜欢音乐,但他喜欢运动。 Hurry up, or you will be late. 快点,否则你会迟到。 3. 复合句:包含一个主句和一个或多个从句。 从句类型: 名词性从句:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 定语从句:修饰名词或代词的从句 状语从句:时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较、方式状语从句 例: What he said is true. 他说的是真的。(主语从句) I think that he is right. 我认为他是对的。(宾语从句) The man who is standing there is my brother. 站在那里的那个人是我哥哥。(定语从句) If it rains, we will stay at home. 如果下雨,我们就待在家里。(条件状语从句) 【即时训练】 1. 判断下列句子是哪种疑问句:Are you a student? 2. 判断下列句子是哪种疑问句:What is your name? 3. He is a teacher, ______? A. is he B. isn't he C. doesn't he D. does he 4. ______ beautiful flower it is! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 5. ______ fast he runs! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 6. 判断下列句子是哪种结构:He is a teacher and she is a doctor. 7. 判断下列句子是哪种结构:I think that he is right. 8. ______ late for school. A. Not be B. Don't be C. Not to be D. Don't 9. He never comes late, ______? A. does he B. doesn't he C. is he D. isn't he 1. (2022年真题第17题)More and more people ______ mobile payment. A. prefers B. prefer to C. prefer D. preferring 2. (2023年真题第7题)Mr. Black often gives us _______ by E-mail. A. some good information B. some good informations C. good informations D. a good information 3. (2023年真题第22题)Put on more clothes. It's snowing ________ outside. A. strong B. heavy C. strongly D. heavily 4. (2024年真题第22题)Have you corrected your homework ______? A. just B. yet C. never D. over 5. (2025年真题第22题)My English teacher often encourages me ______ English as much as possible. A. practice B. practices C. practicing D. to practice 6. (2026年真题第15题)Last summer, I ______ a part-time job in a factory and got some working experience. A. having B. had C. have D. has 7. (2026年真题第第67题) It is ______ (danger) to swim in this river. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 编写说明:2027年云南省(职教高考)《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练,在编写中融入支架式教学理念,紧扣教材,将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单,以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础,再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强,实操性好,为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径,高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是2027年云南省(职教高考)《英语一轮讲练测》的第10个专题,内容为句子成分、句子种类。 2027年云南省(职教高考)《英语一轮讲练测》 专题10 句子成分、句子种类(复习讲义) 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 句子成分概述 即时训练 考点2 七大句子成分详解 即时训练 考点3 句子种类 即时训练 04 真题溯源·考向感知 【复习目标】 句子成分和句子种类是英语语法的基石,虽然不是直接考查频率最高的考点,但理解句子成分对于分析句子结构、解答其他类型的题目至关重要。考生需重点掌握:句子成分的划分方法、五种基本句型、感叹句的构成(What与How的区别)、反意疑问句的规则(前肯后否/前否后肯)。在阅读理解中,能够分析长难句的结构,判断句子成分,有助于准确理解句意。考生需熟练掌握句子成分的划分方法,能够准确判断句子中各个成分的功能;掌握四种句子用途分类和结构分类;重点掌握感叹句、反意疑问句的构成规则,以及简单句五种基本句型。 【考点1 句子成分概述】 概念:句子成分是句子中起不同语法作用的组成部分。英语的句子成分主要有七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补足语。 成分 作用 常用词性 例句 主语 句子叙述的主体(动作发出者/被描述对象) 名词、代词、动名词、不定式、从句 Tom plays football.(名词) He is tall.(代词) Reading is good.(动名词) 谓语 说明主语的动作/状态(不可缺) 实义动词/系动词 She sings well.(实义动词) It sounds wonderful.(连系动词+表语) 宾语 动作的承受者(及物动词后) 名词、代词、动名词、不定式、从句 We like English.(名词) He wants to go.(不定式) I know he is right.(从句) 表语 说明主语的身份/性质/状态(连系动词后) 形容词、名词、代词、分词、介词短语 She is happy.(形容词) He is a teacher.(名词) They are in the room.(介词短语) 定语 修饰名词/代词(限定范围) 形容词、分词、介词短语、从句 a beautiful flower(形容词) the book on the desk(介词短语) the girl who is smiling(从句) 状语 修饰动词/形容词/句子(表时间/地点/方式等) 副词、介词短语、分词、从句 He runs fast.(副词) She studies in Beijing.(介词短语) Smiling, he said.(分词) 宾语补足语 补充说明宾语的动作/状态(及物动词后) 动词原形、分词、形容词、介词短语 I saw her dancing.(分词) Make it clean.(形容词) We keep him in the room.(介词短语) 【即时训练】 1. 指出下列句子中的主语:She reads books every day. 答案:She 解析:She是动作reads的执行者,是主语。 2. 指出下列句子中的谓语:The boy is playing football. 答案:is playing 解析:is playing是动词短语,表示动作,是谓语。 3. 指出下列句子中的宾语:I like apples. 答案:apples 解析:apples是like的承受者,是宾语。 4. 指出下列句子中的定语:The red book is mine. 答案:red 解析:red修饰名词book,说明book的特征,是定语。 5. 指出下列句子中的状语:He runs quickly. 答案:quickly 解析:quickly修饰动词runs,说明动作的方式,是状语。 【考点2 七大句子成分详解】 一、 主语 概念:主语是句子的主体,表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”,位于句首(除疑问句等特殊情况外)。 可作主语的成分: 成分 示例 名词 The book is interesting. 代词 He is a doctor. 数词 Three is enough. 不定式 To learn English is important. 动名词 Swimming is good for health. 从句 What he said is true. 注意:不定式或动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。常用it作形式主语,将真正的主语后置:It is important to learn English. 【即时训练】 1. ______ is good for health. A. Run B. Running C. Ran D. Runs 答案:B 解析:动名词Running作主语,表示“跑步对健康有益”。 2. ______ is a fact. A. He coming B. That he comes C. He comes D. Him come 答案:B 解析:That he comes是主语从句,作主语,表示“他来了是事实”。 3. It is important ______ English well. A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned 答案:B 解析:it是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式to learn English well。 二、 谓语 概念:谓语说明主语的动作或状态,是句子的核心部分,由动词充当谓语。 类型 结构 示例 简单谓语 一个实义动词(短语) He reads books. / She gets up early. 系动词 He is a teacher. / She feels happy. 复合谓语 情态动词 + 动词原形 She can swim. / You must go. 助动词 + 动词不同形态 I will visit my parents next weekend. 注意:谓语动词有时态、语态、语气的变化。谓语动词必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致。 【即时训练】 1. 找出下列句子中的谓语:She can speak English very well. 答案:can speak 解析:can是情态动词,speak是实义动词,共同构成复合谓语。 2. 找出下列句子中的谓语:The flowers look beautiful. 答案:look 解析:look是系动词,与表语beautiful共同构成复合谓语。 3. He ______ to school every day. A. go B. goes C. going D. went 答案:B 解析:主语He是第三人称单数,every day提示一般现在时,谓语用goes。 三、宾语 概念:宾语表示动作的承受者或对象,位于及物动词或介词之后。 可作宾语的成分: 成分 示例 名词 I like apples. 代词 He helps me. 数词 Give two. 不定式 She wants to go. 动名词 He enjoys reading. 从句 I think that he is right. 【即时训练】 1. 指出下列句子中的宾语:He bought a book yesterday. 答案:a book 解析:a book是bought的承受者,是宾语。 2. 指出下列句子中的间接宾语和直接宾语:She gave me a pen. 答案:间接宾语:me;直接宾语:a pen 解析:me是间接宾语(人),a pen是直接宾语(物)。 3. He enjoys ______ very much. A. swim B. to swim C. swimming D. swam 答案:C 解析:enjoy后接动名词作宾语,enjoy doing sth.是固定搭配。 四、定语 概念:定语用来修饰名词或代词,说明其性质、特征、数量、所属等。 定语的位置: 位置 说明 示例 前置定语 放在名词前 a red apple three books an interesting story 后置定语 放在名词后 the book on the desk the man standing there the letter written yesterday 可作定语的成分: 成分 示例 形容词 a beautiful girl 名词 a school bus 代词 my book / his pen 数词 two students 介词短语 the book on the desk 分词 the sleeping boy / the broken window 不定式 something to eat 从句 the man who is standing there 【即时训练】 1. 指出下列句子中的定语:The beautiful girl is my sister. 答案:beautiful 解析:beautiful修饰名词girl,是定语。 2. 指出下列句子中的定语:The book on the desk is mine. 答案:on the desk 解析:介词短语on the desk修饰名词book,是后置定语。 3. The boy ______ there is my brother. A. stand B. to stand C. standing D. stood 答案:C 解析:现在分词standing there作后置定语,修饰The boy,表示“站在那里的男孩”。 五、状语 概念:状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,表示时间、地点、方式、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、让步等。 状语的类型: 类型 示例 时间状语 He gets up at 6:00. / Yesterday, I went to school. 地点状语 She lives in Beijing. / There, he met his friend. 方式状语 He runs quickly. / She speaks slowly. 原因状语 He is crying because of the pain. 目的状语 He came to borrow my book. 结果状语 He is too young to go to school. 程度状语 She is very beautiful. / I completely agree. 条件状语 If it rains, we will stay at home. 让步状语 Although it rained, he went out. 状语的位置:副词状语通常位于动词之后、形容词之前或句首。介词短语状语通常位于句首或句末。不定式状语通常位于句末。 【即时训练】 1. 指出下列句子中的状语:He runs quickly. 答案:quickly 解析:quickly修饰动词runs,表示方式,是状语。 2. 指出下列句子中的状语:She goes to school by bus every day. 答案:by bus(方式状语),every day(时间状语) 解析:by bus表示方式,every day表示时间,都是状语。 3. He got up early ______ the bus. A. catch B. to catch C. catching D. caught 答案:B 解析:不定式to catch the bus作目的状语,表示“为了赶公交车”。 六、表语 概念:表语位于系动词之后,说明主语的身份、特征、性质或状态。 常用系动词: 状态系动词:be(am/is/are/was/were) 持续系动词:keep, remain, stay, lie 变化系动词:become, get, turn, grow, go, come 感官系动词:look, sound, taste, smell, feel, seem, appear 可作表语的成分: 成分 示例 名词 He is a teacher. 形容词 She feels happy. 代词 This book is mine. 数词 He is first. 副词 She is out. 介词短语 He is in the room. 不定式 My dream is to become a teacher. 动名词 Her hobby is collecting stamps. 从句 The question is whether he will come. 【即时训练】 1. 指出下列句子中的表语:She is a doctor. 答案:a doctor 解析:名词短语a doctor位于系动词is之后,说明主语的身份。 2. 指出下列句子中的表语:The food tastes delicious. 答案:delicious 解析:形容词delicious位于系动词tastes之后,说明主语的特征。 3. He looks ______. A. happily B. happy C. happiness D. happly 答案:B 解析:look是系动词,后接形容词happy作表语,表示“看起来高兴”。 七、补足语 概念:补足语用来补充说明宾语或主语的意义,分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。 1. 宾语补足语 结构:主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 可作宾语补足语的成分: 成分 示例 名词 We made him monitor. 形容词 They painted the wall white. 不定式 He asked me to help him. 现在分词 I saw him playing basketball. 过去分词 I had my hair cut. 常见带宾补的动词:make, let, have, keep, find, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, call, name, think, consider, believe, leave, paint, want, ask, tell, encourage, allow 2. 主语补足语 结构:主语 + 谓语(被动语态)+ 主语补足语 例: 主动:We made him monitor.(him是宾语,monitor是宾补) 被动:He was made monitor.(He是主语,monitor是主补) 【即时训练】 1. 指出下列句子中的宾语补足语:We made him monitor. 答案:monitor 解析:monitor补充说明宾语him的身份,是宾语补足语。 2. 指出下列句子中的宾语补足语:They painted the wall white. 答案:white 解析:white补充说明宾语the wall的颜色,是宾语补足语。 3. I found the door ______. A. lock B. to lock C. locking D. locked 答案:D 解析:过去分词locked作宾语补足语,表示“发现门被锁着”。 【考点3 句子种类】 一、按用途分类 1. 陈述句:用于陈述事实或表达观点。 形式 结构 示例 肯定陈述句 主语 + 谓语 I am a student. / He likes music. 否定陈述句 主语 + be + not / 助动词 + not + 动词 I am not a student. / He doesn't like music. 2. 疑问句:用于提出问题。 (1)一般疑问句:用yes/no回答。 结构 示例 Be + 主语 + ...? Are you a student? 情态动词 + 主语 + ...? Can you swim? 助动词 + 主语 + ...? Do you like music? / Have you finished? (2)特殊疑问句:以疑问词开头,询问特定信息。 疑问词 用途 示例 What 询问事物 What is your name? Who 询问人 Who is he? Whose 询问所属 Whose book is this? Which 询问选择 Which one do you want? Where 询问地点 Where do you live? When 询问时间 When will you come? Why 询问原因 Why are you late? How 询问方式/程度 How are you? / How many books? (3)选择疑问句:提供两个或多个选项,用or连接。 结构:一般疑问句 + or + 选项? 例:Is he a teacher or a student? 例:Do you like tea or coffee? (4)反意疑问句:附在陈述句后的简短问句。 结构:肯定陈述句 + 否定反问?/ 否定陈述句 + 肯定反问? 规则: 前肯后否:He is a student, isn't he? 前否后肯:He isn't a student, is he? 注意: 陈述句部分含no, never, nothing, nobody, hardly, seldom等否定词时,视为否定,反问部分用肯定。 例:He never comes late, does he? 祈使句后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you。 例:Open the door, will you? 3. 祈使句:用于表达命令、请求、建议等。 形式 结构 示例 肯定祈使句 动词原形 + ... Open the door. / Please sit down. 否定祈使句 Don't + 动词原形 + ... Don't open the door. / Don't be late. 4. 感叹句:用于表达强烈的感情。 (1)What引导的感叹句: 结构:What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语! 名词类型 结构 示例 可数名词单数 What + a/an + adj. + 单数名词 + 主谓! What a beautiful flower it is! 可数名词复数 What + adj. + 复数名词 + 主谓! What beautiful flowers they are! 不可数名词 What + adj. + 不可数名词 + 主谓! What fine weather it is! (2)How引导的感叹句: 结构:How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语! 例: How beautiful the flower is! How fast he runs! 注意:How也可以修饰动词,结构为:How + 主语 + 谓语! How time flies! 时间过得真快! 二、按结构分类 1. 简单句:只包含一个主谓结构。 五种基本句型: 句型类型 结构 示例 主谓(S+V) 主语+不及物动词(无宾语) The sun rises. They laughed. 主系表(S+V+P) 主语+连系动词+表语 It sounds wonderful. She is happy. 主谓宾(S+V+O) 主语+及物动词+宾语 We should turn off lights. He likes English. 主谓双宾(S+V+IO+DO) 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 He gave me a book. She told us a story. 主谓宾宾补(S+V+O+C) 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 I saw her sitting. We keep the room clean. 2. 并列句:由并列连词连接两个或多个简单句。 常用并列连词: 顺承关系:and, not only...but also...(不仅……而且……) 转折关系:but, yet, while(而) 选择关系:or, either...or...(要么……要么……) 因果关系:for, so 例: He is a teacher, and she is a doctor. 他是老师,她是医生。 I like music, but he likes sports. 我喜欢音乐,但他喜欢运动。 Hurry up, or you will be late. 快点,否则你会迟到。 3. 复合句:包含一个主句和一个或多个从句。 从句类型: 名词性从句:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 定语从句:修饰名词或代词的从句 状语从句:时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较、方式状语从句 例: What he said is true. 他说的是真的。(主语从句) I think that he is right. 我认为他是对的。(宾语从句) The man who is standing there is my brother. 站在那里的那个人是我哥哥。(定语从句) If it rains, we will stay at home. 如果下雨,我们就待在家里。(条件状语从句) 【即时训练】 1. 判断下列句子是哪种疑问句:Are you a student? 答案:一般疑问句 解析:以be动词开头,用yes/no回答,是一般疑问句。 2. 判断下列句子是哪种疑问句:What is your name? 答案:特殊疑问句 解析:以疑问词What开头,询问特定信息,是特殊疑问句。 3. He is a teacher, ______? A. is he B. isn't he C. doesn't he D. does he 答案:B 解析:前肯后否,陈述句是肯定句,反问部分用否定形式,isn't he。 4. ______ beautiful flower it is! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 答案:B 解析:flower是可数名词单数,用What a + adj. + 单数名词 + 主谓结构。 5. ______ fast he runs! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 答案:C 解析:fast是副词,用How + adj./adv. + 主语 + 谓语结构。 6. 判断下列句子是哪种结构:He is a teacher and she is a doctor. 答案:并列句 解析:由and连接两个简单句,是并列句。 7. 判断下列句子是哪种结构:I think that he is right. 答案:复合句 解析:主句是I think,that he is right是宾语从句,是复合句。 8. ______ late for school. A. Not be B. Don't be C. Not to be D. Don't 答案:B 解析:否定祈使句用Don't + 动词原形,be late是固定短语,用Don't be late。 9. He never comes late, ______? A. does he B. doesn't he C. is he D. isn't he 答案:A 解析:陈述句中含有never,视为否定,前否后肯,反问部分用肯定形式does he。 1. (2022年真题第17题)More and more people ______ mobile payment. A. prefers B. prefer to C. prefer D. preferring 答案:C 解析:句意:越来越多的人更喜欢移动支付。考查谓语动词的主谓一致。主语people是复数,谓语用动词原形prefer。本题间接考查了主语和谓语的关系。 2. (2023年真题第7题)Mr. Black often gives us _______ by E-mail. A. some good information B. some good informations C. good informations D. a good information 答案:A 解析:句意:布莱克先生经常通过电子邮件给我们一些好信息。考查双宾语结构中的直接宾语。gives是及物动词,us是间接宾语,空格处是直接宾语。information是不可数名词,用some修饰。 3. (2023年真题第22题)Put on more clothes. It's snowing ________ outside. A. strong B. heavy C. strongly D. heavily 答案:D 解析:句意:多穿点衣服,外面正在下大雪。考查副词作状语。snowing是动词,需用副词heavily修饰,表示“下大雪”。 4. (2024年真题第22题)Have you corrected your homework ______? A. just B. yet C. never D. over 答案:B 解析:句意:你改正你的作业了吗?考查现在完成时疑问句的时间状语。yet用于现在完成时的疑问句中,意为“已经”。本题涉及一般疑问句的结构。 5. (2025年真题第22题)My English teacher often encourages me ______ English as much as possible. A. practice B. practices C. practicing D. to practice 答案:D 解析:句意:我的英语老师经常鼓励我尽可能多地练习英语。考查不定式作宾语补足语。encourage sb. to do sth.是固定搭配,to practice作宾语补足语。 6. (2026年真题第15题)Last summer, I ______ a part-time job in a factory and got some working experience. A. having B. had C. have D. has 答案:B 解析:句意:去年夏天,我在一家工厂做兼职工作并得到了一些工作经验。考查谓语动词的时态。and连接两个并列谓语had和got,用一般过去时。 7. (2026年真题第第67题) It is ______ (danger) to swim in this river. 答案:dangerous 解析:句意:在这条河里游泳是危险的。考查形容词作表语。位于系动词is之后,需用形容词形式。danger的名词形式是danger,其形容词形式为dangerous。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题10 句子成分、句子种类(讲义)-2027年云南省(职教高考)《英语一轮讲练测》(原卷版+解析版)
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