内容正文:
Unit 2 Section A Grammar Focus (3a~3c) 教案
—— Home Sweet Home (人教版八年级上册 2026-2027学年)
课题
Unit 2 Section A Grammar Focus (3a~3c)
学科
英语
年级
八年级
教材版本
人教版(2024)
课时
1课时
课型
语法课
教学方法
情境教学法、归纳法、任务型教学法
教学用具
多媒体课件、黑板
学情分析
学生已接触can/could基本用法,能进行简单礼貌请求对话。本课需系统归纳can/could表请求与许可的语境差异,强化could比can更委婉的语用意识,并训练区分请求他人做事与请求允许自己做的能力。
教学目标
语言能力:区分can/could表请求与许可的语境差异,掌握肯定、否定回答方式。文化意识:理解礼貌请求表达方式,培养礼貌沟通意识与文明交际习惯。思维品质:通过情境分析归纳can/could语用规则,培养对比分析与逻辑归纳能力。学习能力:通过3a/3b/3c练习巩固语法知识,掌握合作学习与情境运用策略。
教学重难点
重点:Can/Could you...?提出礼貌请求;Can/Could I...?征求许可;肯定回答与否定回答方式。难点:could与can的礼貌程度差异;区分requests与permission;礼貌拒绝请求的表达方式。
一、教学过程
Step 1 Warm-up —— 情景导入
活动一:Speaking —— Can / Could you ...? 提出请求
【教师活动】T: Good morning, everyone! 上课前老师先问大家几个问题。Can you clean the blackboard? Could you keep quiet? Could you clean the classroom after school? 请同学们注意听,老师用了什么句型来提出要求?
【教师活动】T: 请同学们观察这两个句型在语气上有什么不同?could是否比can更礼貌一些?
【学生活动】Ss: 认真听老师提问,观察并发现老师使用了Can you...?和Could you...?句型来提出请求,初步感知could比can更委婉礼貌。
Can / Could you ...? 用于提出请求(Requests)。如:
— Can you clean the blackboard?
— Could you keep quiet?
— Could you clean the classroom after school?
图2-1 Can / Could you ...? 提出请求
活动二:Speaking —— Can / Could I ...? 征求许可
【教师活动】T: What can you say if you want to borrow a book from your friend? Could / Can I borrow the book? 请同学们思考:如果你想向朋友借一本书,应该怎么说?
【教师活动】T: 请同学们两人一组讨论,Can I borrow the book? 和 Could I borrow the book? 在语气上有什么区别?
【学生活动】Ss: 思考并尝试用Can I...?或Could I...?句型表达借书的请求,体会两种表达的语气差异,并尝试用两种句型向同桌借东西。
Can / Could I ...? 用于询问许可(Permission)。如:
— Could / Can I borrow the book?
图2-2 Can / Could I ...? 征求许可
【理解要点】can 与 could 的语气差异
can 表示直接、随意的请求或许可;could 表示更委婉、礼貌的请求或许可。在正式场合或对长辈、陌生人提出请求时,使用could更显礼貌。如:Could you please sweep the floor? 比 Can you sweep the floor? 更委婉。
【过渡语】同学们对can和could的基本用法有了初步认识。接下来我们进入课本3a,通过具体例句深入分析请求与许可的表达方式。
Step 2 Presentation —— 语法呈现与归纳
活动三:3a 观察can/could问句及其回答
【教师活动】T: Read the questions with can or could. Notice how they are answered. 请同学们阅读以下问句,注意观察它们是如何被回答的。
【教师活动】T: 请同学们特别关注问句中的can和could,以及答语中的肯定回答和否定回答方式,思考could和can在礼貌程度上的差异。
【学生活动】Ss: 阅读3a中的问句与答语,圈出can/could,讨论不同问句对应的回答方式,并总结肯定回答和否定回答的常用表达。
Question
Answer
Could you please sweep the floor?
Yes, Dad. I'll do it at once.
Could I hang out with my friends after lunch?
Sorry, Jim, but you have to pack up your things first.
Can I put some flowers on the table?
Yes, good idea!
Can you help me hang up the photos?
Sure. / No problem!
肯定回答: Yes. / Sure. / No problem. / ...
否定回答: Sorry, but ...
图2-3 3a 观察can/could问句及其回答
活动四:3a 区分Requests与Permission
【教师活动】T: Write R for requests or P for permission next to each question. 请同学们在每条问句旁标注R(请求)或P(许可),并说明理由。
【教师活动】T: 请同学们注意观察:问句的主语是you还是I?这是区分请求与许可的关键线索。
【学生活动】Ss: 独立判断每条问句属于请求还是许可,然后小组讨论,核对答案并说明判断依据,归纳出主语you对应requests、主语I对应permission的规律。
类型
Question
Answer
R
Could you please sweep the floor?
Yes, Dad. I'll do it at once.
P
Could I hang out with my friends after lunch?
Sorry, Jim, but you have to pack up your things first.
P
Can I put some flowers on the table?
Yes, good idea!
R
Can you help me hang up the photos?
Sure. / No problem!
【知识点】can/could表请求时后接动词原形,语气上could比can更委婉礼貌,适用于不同场合和对象。
【知识点】肯定回答常用Sure./Yes, of course./No problem./Yes, good idea!;否定回答需用Sorry, but...并给出理由,保持礼貌。
【知识点】3b解题技巧:先看答语推断问句类型——答语主语为you/can则问句主语为I(许可),答语涉及做某事则问句为请求(you)。
【判断技巧】区分Requests与Permission
Requests(请求):用Can/Could you...? 请求对方做某事,主语是you。Permission(许可):用Can/Could I...? 请求允许自己做某事,主语是I。判断关键看问句主语:主语是you → 请求对方;主语是I → 征求许可。
图2-4 3a 区分Requests与Permission
【过渡语】掌握了请求与许可的基本区分,我们来做3b练习,选择最佳问句补全对话。
Step 3 Practice —— 巩固练习
活动五:3b 选择最佳问句补全对话(指导)
【教师活动】T: Choose the best question to complete each conversation. 先通读对话,熟悉语境,分析每个空需要'请求'还是'许可'语义,尝试选择答案。
【教师活动】T: 老师给大家一个解题技巧:先看答语内容,再推断问句类型。如果答语主语是you,问句主语往往是I;如果答语涉及做某事,问句往往是请求。
【学生活动】Ss: 先通读对话,分析语境,判断每个空格需要填入请求句还是许可句,运用老师讲解的解题技巧选择最佳选项。
选项:
A. Could you give me a ride to town now?
B. Can I stay out until eleven?
C. Mr Lake, could I go to the toilet?
D. Could I use your computer?
图2-5 3b 选择最佳问句补全对话(指导)
活动六:3b 答案解析与词汇点拨
【教师活动】T: 请核对3b答案,并注意以下重点词汇和短语。
【学生活动】Ss: 核对答案,记录重点词汇,理解be careful with、the movies等短语的用法。
参考答案:
1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A
重点词汇:
be careful with 注意;当心
the movies 电影院
【判断技巧】3b 解题技巧——根据答语推断问句
1. 看答语主语:答语主语为you / Of course you can → 问句主语应为I(征求许可)。2. 看答语内容:答语为Yes, if you are careful with it. → 问句涉及使用某物(Could I use...?)。3. 看答语态度:答语拒绝并给出理由 → 问句可能涉及许可请求(Can I stay out...?)。4. 看答语动作:答语为I can't. I have to do some work. → 问句为请求对方做事(Could you give me...?)。
图2-6 3b 答案解析与词汇点拨
活动七:3b 完成对话练习
【教师活动】T: 请用方框中的最佳问句完成以下对话,注意语境和礼貌程度。
【学生活动】Ss: 独立完成3b对话填空,然后两人一组核对答案并表演对话。
1. A: _______________________
B: Of course you can. Let me show you the way.
2. A: _______________________
B: Yes, if you are careful with it.
3. A: _______________________
B: No, you can't. You have a basketball game tomorrow, remember? You need a good rest.
图2-7 3b 完成对话练习(第1~3题)
4. A: Can I go to the movies?
B: Of course.
A: _______________________
B: I can't. I have to do some work now.
图2-8 3b 完成对话练习(第4题)
【过渡语】同学们对can/could的用法掌握得很好!现在让我们通过角色扮演活动,把所学语法运用到实际交流中。
Step 4 Production —— 语言输出
活动八:Role-play 角色扮演
【教师活动】T: 请同学们两人一组,根据以下情境编对话,恰当使用can或could。
【教师活动】T: 在编对话时,请注意could和can的礼貌程度选择:向长辈或正式场合用could,向朋友或随意场合可用can。
【学生活动】Ss: 两人一组选择情境,编写并表演对话,注意使用恰当的礼貌请求和许可表达,并根据对话对象选择can或could。
情境一:
A: Mr Lake, could I go to the toilet?
B: Of course you can. Let me show you the way.
图2-9 Role-play 情境一
情境二:
A: Could I use your computer?
B: Yes, if you are careful with it.
图2-10 Role-play 情境二
情境三:
A: Can I stay out until eleven?
B: No, you can't. You have a basketball game tomorrow, remember? You need a good rest.
图2-11 Role-play 情境三
情境四:
A: Can I go to the movies?
B: Of course.
A: Can you give me a ride to town now?
B: I can't. I have to do some work now.
图2-12 Role-play 情境四
活动九:3c 根据情境创编对话
【教师活动】T: Make up conversations for each setting, using can or could. 请同学们为以下每个情境创编对话,使用can或could。
【教师活动】T: 每个情境都涉及不同的社交场景,请同学们思考:在这个场景中,应该用can还是could?为什么?
【学生活动】Ss: 四人一组,每组选择一个情境,讨论并创编对话,然后上台表演。表演后请其他同学评价对话中can/could的使用是否恰当。
情境一:You're at your friend's home. You want to call your parents, but your phone is dead.
A: Can / Could I use your phone?
B: Sure. / Of course.
dead 不运行的;死的
图2-13 3c 情境一:借用电话
情境二:You were sick at home yesterday. Your friend went to an English class and took notes. You want to know more about the class.
A: Could I borrow your notes?
B: No problem.
take notes 做笔记
图2-14 3c 情境二:借用笔记
情境三:You're holding a large box. It is difficult to open the door. Your neighbor comes.
A: Could you help me open the door?
B: Sure.
图2-15 3c 情境三:请求帮忙开门
情境四:You and your classmates want to help clean up the community. Ask your classmates to bring gloves and rubbish bags.
A: Can you bring some gloves and rubbish bags?
B: No problem.
clean up 清扫 community 社区;社团 rubbish 垃圾
图2-16 3c 情境四:社区清洁活动
【过渡语】同学们的对话创编非常精彩!最后让我们总结本课所学并完成当堂检测。
Step 5 Summary & Homework —— 总结与作业
活动十:课堂总结
【教师活动】T: 通过本课的学习,我能够…… 让我们一起回顾本课的词汇和语法收获。
【学生活动】Ss: 回顾并总结本课所学词汇和语法结构,反思学习收获。
1. 正确朗读并运用本课单词和短语:until, be careful with, movie, the movies, dead, note, take notes, clean up, community, rubbish。
2. 区分can/could用于表示请求许可、提出请求的语境差异,并恰当使用can/could完成语法练习。
3. 理解英语中礼貌请求的表达方式,形成礼貌沟通意识,养成文明交际习惯。
图2-17 课堂总结
活动十一:当堂检测
【教师活动】T: 一、根据所给情境,用can/could创编对话。要求:语法正确、语境合理、礼貌表达。
【学生活动】Ss: 根据情境独立创编对话,完成后同桌互评,注意语法正确性和礼貌程度。
1. You're at school. You left your pencil case at home and need to borrow a pen from a classmate.
A: ____________________________________
B: ____________________________________
2. You're planning a picnic. You want your friend to bring a basket and some drinks.
A: ____________________________________
B: ____________________________________
参考答案:
A: Could I borrow a pen from you?
B: Sure.
A: Could you bring a basket and some drinks?
B: Of course.
图2-18 当堂检测(第1~2题)
3. You're in the library. You want to borrow a dictionary, but you're not sure if it's allowed.
A: ____________________________________
B: ____________________________________
4. You're at a restaurant. You want to order a special dish, but you need to check the ingredients first.
A: ____________________________________
B: ____________________________________
参考答案:
A: Could I borrow a dictionary?
B: Sorry, it's not allowed.
A: Could you tell me what's in the dish?
B: Sure. There are potatoes and chicken in it.
图2-19 当堂检测(第3~4题)
活动十二:Homework 课后作业
【教师活动】T: 今天的作业有两项:阅读教材附录巩固can/could用法,并制作请求卡。
【教师活动】T: 请同学们认真记录作业要求,确保理解每项任务的具体内容和完成标准。
【学生活动】Ss: 认真记录作业要求,课后阅读教材附录P107-108巩固can/could用法,并制作3张请求卡,为不同生活场景写礼貌请求。
Homework:
(1) 阅读教材附录P107-108关于情态动词can/could的内容,巩固用法。
(2) 制作3张'请求卡':用can/could为不同生活场景写请求(如请家人帮取快递),配上简单插图。
图2-20 Homework 课后作业
二、板书设计
Key Vocabulary
Grammar Focus
Useful Expressions
until prep. 到……时
be careful with 注意;当心
movie n. 电影
the movies 电影院
Can/Could you ...? → Requests
Can/Could I ...? → Permission
Could you please sweep the floor?
Yes, Dad. I'll do it at once.
dead adj. 不运行的;死的
note n. 笔记 v. 注意
take notes 做笔记
clean up 清扫
could 比 can 更委婉、礼貌
肯定回答:Sure. / No problem.
否定回答:Sorry, but...
Could I hang out with my friends?
Sorry, but you have to pack up first.
community n. 社区;社团
rubbish n. 垃圾
区分Requests(主语=you)
与Permission(主语=I)
Can you help me hang up the photos?
Sure. / No problem!
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$