第14卷 阅读理解（说明文）-【2027版】福建省（学业水平考试）《英语45分钟训练卷》（原卷版+解析版）

**基本信息** 聚焦说明文体裁，围绕健康、技术等实用主题，通过25道选择题系统训练事实信息提取、因果关系理解及主旨归纳能力，贴合中职学业水平考试要求，助力语言能力与思维品质提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |健康习惯|5题（Text A）|事实信息提取、行为建议|以“工作饮水”现象为切入点，按问题-措施-注意事项逻辑展开| |智能技术|5题（Text B）|功能描述、使用规范|围绕“智能储物柜”，从应用场景-操作方式-优势-禁忌构建说明体系| |垃圾分类|5题（Text C）|分类标准、处理方式|遵循“重要性-分类要求-具体处理-辅助措施”的说明文结构| |可持续发展|5题（Text D）|环保选择、实践建议|以“纸杯与可重复使用杯”对比，阐述环保意义及行动方法| |职业安全|5题（Text E）|风险防范、操作规范|按“问题危害-事前检查-正确操作-应急处理”逻辑组织内容|

编写说明：编写说明：本卷依据《福建省中等职业学校学业水平考试<中职英语>科目考试说明》编写，本系列定位为45分钟训练卷，用于课堂限时训练、周测检测和阶段复习。本卷围绕健康、技术、环境、可持续发展和职业安全等说明性短文设计阅读任务，训练学生提取事实信息、理解因果关系和判断词义的能力。 【2027版】福建省（学业水平考试）《英语45分钟训练卷》 第14卷 阅读理解（说明文） 考试时间：45分钟 满分：100分 班级______姓名______学号______成绩______ 阅读理解（共25小题；每小题4分，满分100分） 阅读下面五篇短文，根据短文内容，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。 Text A When people work or practise skills for a long time, they may forget to drink water. This can make them tired and less careful. A simple way is to keep a bottle near the desk or workbench. Drinking a little water every hour is better than drinking a lot at once. In hot rooms, workers should drink more and take short breaks. 1. What may happen if people forget to drink water? A. They may read faster B. They may feel tired C. They may hear music 2. Where can people keep a bottle? A. Near the desk or workbench B. Only in a bag C. Outside the gate 3. How should people drink water? A. A lot at once B. Only after work C. A little every hour 4. What should workers do in hot rooms? A. Close all windows B. Drink more and take short breaks C. Stop drinking water 5. What is the passage mainly about? A. A cooking lesson B. A healthy habit at work C. A school game Text B Smart lockers are now used in some schools and training centers. Students can open a locker with a card or a phone code. The locker records the opening time, so lost things are easier to check. It also saves space because different students can use the same locker at different times. However, students should not share their codes with others. 6. Where are smart lockers used? A. Only in hospitals B. On every bus C. In some schools and training centers 7. How can students open a smart locker? A. With a paper ticket B. With a card or phone code C. With a house key 8. Why are lost things easier to check? A. The locker records the opening time B. The locker makes a phone call C. The locker writes notes 9. How can smart lockers save space? A. By becoming smaller every day B. By moving to classrooms C. By letting different students use the same locker at different times 10. What should students NOT do? A. Use a card B. Check the time C. Share their codes Text C Waste sorting is important in a workshop. Metal pieces, paper boxes and food waste should not be put together. Metal can be collected and used again. Clean paper boxes can be sent for recycling. Food waste should be kept in a covered bin, or it may bring bad smells. Clear signs near bins can help students choose the right place quickly. 11. What should not be put together? A. Signs and walls B. Metal, paper boxes and food waste C. Students and teachers 12. What can happen to metal pieces? A. They can become food B. They can be thrown into rivers C. They can be collected and used again 13. Where should food waste be kept? A. In a clean box B. On the table C. In a covered bin 14. What may food waste bring if it is not kept well? A. Fresh air B. Bad smells C. New tools 15. What can help students sort waste quickly? A. Clear signs near bins B. Loud music C. Long stories Text D Many people buy drinks on the way to school or work. A paper cup is convenient, but it is often used for only a few minutes. A reusable cup can reduce waste if people use it every day. Some shops also give a small discount to customers with their own cups. To keep the cup safe, wash it carefully and dry it after use. 16. Why is a paper cup mentioned? A. It can cook food B. It is always free C. It is often used for only a short time 17. What can a reusable cup reduce? A. Homework B. Waste C. Traffic 18. What may some shops give to customers with their own cups? A. A small discount B. A job C. A bag 19. How should people keep the cup safe? A. Wash and dry it after use B. Leave it on the road C. Share it with everyone 20. What is the text mainly about? A. A sports rule B. A travel plan C. A greener drinking choice Text E In stores and workshops, lifting boxes in the wrong way may hurt the back. Before lifting, check the weight and the path. Keep the box close to the body and bend the knees, not the back. If a box is too heavy, ask another person for help. Moving safely is slower at first, but it prevents accidents and keeps work going. 21. What may happen if people lift boxes in the wrong way? A. They may hurt the back B. They may learn a song C. They may find a card 22. What should people check before lifting? A. The weight and the path B. The weather and lunch C. The color and price 23. What should people bend when lifting? A. The neck B. The knees C. The back 24. What should people do if a box is too heavy? A. Throw it quickly B. Hide it under a table C. Ask another person for help 25. Why is safe moving important? A. It prevents accidents B. It makes boxes larger C. It changes the path 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：编写说明：本卷依据《福建省中等职业学校学业水平考试<中职英语>科目考试说明》编写，本系列定位为45分钟训练卷，用于课堂限时训练、周测检测和阶段复习。本卷围绕健康、技术、环境、可持续发展和职业安全等说明性短文设计阅读任务，训练学生提取事实信息、理解因果关系和判断词义的能力。 【2027版】福建省（学业水平考试）《英语45分钟训练卷》 第14卷 阅读理解（说明文） 考试时间：45分钟 满分：100分 班级______姓名______学号______成绩______ 阅读理解（共25小题；每小题4分，满分100分） 阅读下面五篇短文，根据短文内容，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。 Text A When people work or practise skills for a long time, they may forget to drink water. This can make them tired and less careful. A simple way is to keep a bottle near the desk or workbench. Drinking a little water every hour is better than drinking a lot at once. In hot rooms, workers should drink more and take short breaks. 1. What may happen if people forget to drink water? A. They may read faster B. They may feel tired C. They may hear music 2. Where can people keep a bottle? A. Near the desk or workbench B. Only in a bag C. Outside the gate 3. How should people drink water? A. A lot at once B. Only after work C. A little every hour 4. What should workers do in hot rooms? A. Close all windows B. Drink more and take short breaks C. Stop drinking water 5. What is the passage mainly about? A. A cooking lesson B. A healthy habit at work C. A school game 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 【导语】本文介绍工作或实训时补充饮水的重要性和具体做法。 【详解】 1. 忘记喝水会让人疲劳、注意力下降。 A项“They may read faster（他们可能会读得更快）”，B项“They may feel tired（他们可能会感到疲劳）”，C项“They may hear music（他们可能会听到音乐）”。B项“They may feel tired（他们可能会感到疲劳）”与原文信息一致，故选B。 2. 水瓶可放在桌边或工作台旁。 A项“Near the desk or workbench（在桌子或工作台旁）”，B项“Only in a bag（只在包里）”，C项“Outside the gate（在门外）”。A项“Near the desk or workbench（在桌子或工作台旁）”与原文信息一致，故选A。 3. 每小时少量饮水更好。 A项“A lot at once（一次喝很多）”，B项“Only after work（只在下班后）”，C项“A little every hour（每小时喝一点）”。C项“A little every hour（每小时喝一点）”与原文信息一致，故选C。 4. 热环境中要多喝水并短暂休息。 A项“Close all windows（关上所有窗户）”，B项“Drink more and take short breaks（多喝水并短暂休息）”，C项“Stop drinking water（停止喝水）”。B项“Drink more and take short breaks（多喝水并短暂休息）”与原文信息一致，故选B。 5. 全文说明工作时健康饮水习惯。 A项“A cooking lesson（一节烹饪课）”，B项“A healthy habit at work（工作中的健康习惯）”，C项“A school game（一场学校比赛）”。B项“A healthy habit at work（工作中的健康习惯）”与原文信息一致，故选B。 Text B Smart lockers are now used in some schools and training centers. Students can open a locker with a card or a phone code. The locker records the opening time, so lost things are easier to check. It also saves space because different students can use the same locker at different times. However, students should not share their codes with others. 6. Where are smart lockers used? A. Only in hospitals B. On every bus C. In some schools and training centers 7. How can students open a smart locker? A. With a paper ticket B. With a card or phone code C. With a house key 8. Why are lost things easier to check? A. The locker records the opening time B. The locker makes a phone call C. The locker writes notes 9. How can smart lockers save space? A. By becoming smaller every day B. By moving to classrooms C. By letting different students use the same locker at different times 10. What should students NOT do? A. Use a card B. Check the time C. Share their codes 【答案】6. C 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. C 【导语】本文介绍智能储物柜的使用方式和便利性。 【详解】 6. 智能储物柜用于一些学校和培训中心。 A项“Only in hospitals（只在医院里）”，B项“On every bus（在每辆公交车上）”，C项“In some schools and training centers（在一些学校和实训中心）”。C项“In some schools and training centers（在一些学校和实训中心）”与原文信息一致，故选C。 7. 学生可用卡或手机码打开。 A项“With a paper ticket（用纸质票）”，B项“With a card or phone code（用卡片或手机密码）”，C项“With a house key（用房门钥匙）”。B项“With a card or phone code（用卡片或手机密码）”与原文信息一致，故选B。 8. 柜子记录开启时间，所以便于追查。 A项“The locker records the opening time（储物柜记录打开时间）”，B项“The locker makes a phone call（储物柜会打电话）”，C项“The locker writes notes（储物柜写便条）”。A项“The locker records the opening time（储物柜记录打开时间）”与原文信息一致，故选A。 9. 不同时段不同学生共用可节省空间。 A项“By becoming smaller every day（通过每天变小）”，B项“By moving to classrooms（通过搬到教室）”，C项“By letting different students use the same locker at different times（通过让不同学生在不同时间使用同一个储物柜）”。C项“By letting different students use the same locker at different times（通过让不同学生在不同时间使用同一个储物柜）”与原文信息一致，故选C。 10. 学生不应分享自己的密码。 A项“Use a card（使用卡片）”，B项“Check the time（查看时间）”，C项“Share their codes（分享他们的密码）”。C项“Share their codes（分享他们的密码）”与原文信息一致，故选C。 Text C Waste sorting is important in a workshop. Metal pieces, paper boxes and food waste should not be put together. Metal can be collected and used again. Clean paper boxes can be sent for recycling. Food waste should be kept in a covered bin, or it may bring bad smells. Clear signs near bins can help students choose the right place quickly. 11. What should not be put together? A. Signs and walls B. Metal, paper boxes and food waste C. Students and teachers 12. What can happen to metal pieces? A. They can become food B. They can be thrown into rivers C. They can be collected and used again 13. Where should food waste be kept? A. In a clean box B. On the table C. In a covered bin 14. What may food waste bring if it is not kept well? A. Fresh air B. Bad smells C. New tools 15. What can help students sort waste quickly? A. Clear signs near bins B. Loud music C. Long stories 【答案】11. B 12. C 13. C 14. B 15. A 【导语】本文说明实训车间垃圾分类的意义和做法。 【详解】 11. 金属片、纸箱和厨余垃圾不应混放。 A项“Signs and walls（标识和墙壁）”，B项“Metal, paper boxes and food waste（金属、纸箱和厨余垃圾）”，C项“Students and teachers（学生和老师）”。B项“Metal, paper boxes and food waste（金属、纸箱和厨余垃圾）”与原文信息一致，故选B。 12. 金属可回收再利用。 A项“They can become food（它们可以变成食物）”，B项“They can be thrown into rivers（它们可以被扔进河里）”，C项“They can be collected and used again（它们可以被收集并再次使用）”。C项“They can be collected and used again（它们可以被收集并再次使用）”与原文信息一致，故选C。 13. 厨余垃圾应放入有盖垃圾桶。 A项“In a clean box（在干净的盒子里）”，B项“On the table（在桌上）”，C项“In a covered bin（在有盖垃圾桶里）”。C项“In a covered bin（在有盖垃圾桶里）”与原文信息一致，故选C。 14. 处理不好会产生异味。 A项“Fresh air（新鲜空气）”，B项“Bad smells（难闻的气味）”，C项“New tools（新工具）”。B项“Bad smells（难闻的气味）”与原文信息一致，故选B。 15. 垃圾桶旁清楚的标识有助于快速分类。 A项“Clear signs near bins（垃圾桶旁清楚的标识）”，B项“Loud music（响亮的音乐）”，C项“Long stories（长篇故事）”。A项“Clear signs near bins（垃圾桶旁清楚的标识）”与原文信息一致，故选A。 Text D Many people buy drinks on the way to school or work. A paper cup is convenient, but it is often used for only a few minutes. A reusable cup can reduce waste if people use it every day. Some shops also give a small discount to customers with their own cups. To keep the cup safe, wash it carefully and dry it after use. 16. Why is a paper cup mentioned? A. It can cook food B. It is always free C. It is often used for only a short time 17. What can a reusable cup reduce? A. Homework B. Waste C. Traffic 18. What may some shops give to customers with their own cups? A. A small discount B. A job C. A bag 19. How should people keep the cup safe? A. Wash and dry it after use B. Leave it on the road C. Share it with everyone 20. What is the text mainly about? A. A sports rule B. A travel plan C. A greener drinking choice 【答案】16. C 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. C 【导语】本文介绍可重复使用杯子的环保价值和使用建议。 【详解】 16. 纸杯常只使用几分钟。 A项“It can cook food（它能烹饪食物）”，B项“It is always free（它总是免费的）”，C项“It is often used for only a short time（它通常只使用很短时间）”。C项“It is often used for only a short time（它通常只使用很短时间）”与原文信息一致，故选C。 17. 可重复使用杯能减少浪费。 A项“Homework（家庭作业）”，B项“Waste（垃圾）”，C项“Traffic（交通）”。B项“Waste（垃圾）”与原文信息一致，故选B。 18. 有些店会给自带杯顾客小优惠。 A项“A small discount（一个小折扣）”，B项“A job（一份工作）”，C项“A bag（一个包）”。A项“A small discount（一个小折扣）”与原文信息一致，故选A。 19. 使用后要清洗并晾干。 A项“Wash and dry it after use（使用后清洗并晾干）”，B项“Leave it on the road（把它留在路上）”，C项“Share it with everyone（与所有人分享）”。A项“Wash and dry it after use（使用后清洗并晾干）”与原文信息一致，故选A。 20. 全文说明更环保的饮品容器选择。 A项“A sports rule（一条运动规则）”，B项“A travel plan（一个旅行计划）”，C项“A greener drinking choice（更环保的饮水选择）”。C项“A greener drinking choice（更环保的饮水选择）”与原文信息一致，故选C。 Text E In stores and workshops, lifting boxes in the wrong way may hurt the back. Before lifting, check the weight and the path. Keep the box close to the body and bend the knees, not the back. If a box is too heavy, ask another person for help. Moving safely is slower at first, but it prevents accidents and keeps work going. 21. What may happen if people lift boxes in the wrong way? A. They may hurt the back B. They may learn a song C. They may find a card 22. What should people check before lifting? A. The weight and the path B. The weather and lunch C. The color and price 23. What should people bend when lifting? A. The neck B. The knees C. The back 24. What should people do if a box is too heavy? A. Throw it quickly B. Hide it under a table C. Ask another person for help 25. Why is safe moving important? A. It prevents accidents B. It makes boxes larger C. It changes the path 【答案】21. A 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. A 【导语】本文说明搬运重物时的安全方法和团队合作原则。 【详解】 21. 错误搬运可能伤到背部。 A项“They may hurt the back（他们可能会伤到背部）”，B项“They may learn a song（他们可能会学一首歌）”，C项“They may find a card（他们可能会找到一张卡）”。A项“They may hurt the back（他们可能会伤到背部）”与原文信息一致，故选A。 22. 搬运前要检查重量和路线。 A项“The weight and the path（重量和路线）”，B项“The weather and lunch（天气和午餐）”，C项“The color and price（颜色和价格）”。A项“The weight and the path（重量和路线）”与原文信息一致，故选A。 23. 搬运时应弯曲膝盖而不是背部。 A项“The neck（脖子）”，B项“The knees（膝盖）”，C项“The back（背部）”。B项“The knees（膝盖）”与原文信息一致，故选B。 24. 箱子太重要请别人帮忙。 A项“Throw it quickly（迅速扔掉它）”，B项“Hide it under a table（把它藏在桌子下面）”，C项“Ask another person for help（请另一个人帮忙）”。C项“Ask another person for help（请另一个人帮忙）”与原文信息一致，故选C。 25. 安全搬运能预防事故。 A项“It prevents accidents（它预防事故）”，B项“It makes boxes larger（它让箱子变大）”，C项“It changes the path（它改变路线）”。A项“It prevents accidents（它预防事故）”与原文信息一致，故选A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $