必修第三册 Unit 3 The world of science 课时精讲（教用Word）-【精微方案】2027年高考一轮总复习讲义·英语（外研版）

该高中英语讲义聚焦科学技术主题，整合核心词汇（如virtual, species）、词形转换（如significant→significance）、核心短语（in terms of, come up with）及语法结构（强调句、同位语从句），按“词汇-语法-写作”逻辑递进。通过考点梳理（分层词汇表）、方法指导（构词法、句型应用）、真题训练（2025年高考题实例），帮助学生系统构建知识网络，突破难点。 资料突出语境化与分层教学，如“desire”词汇结合微写作训练提升语言能力，强调句通过句式升级培养思维品质。设置语境辨词、单句语法填空等分层练习，配合应用文（智能科技演讲稿）和读后续写（错失机会场景）任务链，确保高效复习。助力学生提升应考能力，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰框架。

1．gunpowder n．火药 2．compass n．指南针，罗盘 3．virtual adj.虚拟的，模拟的 4．battery n．电池 5．compute v．计算 6．stuff n．东西，物品 7．instance n．例子，实例 8．chemist n．化学家 9．astronomer n．天文学家 10．biologist n．生物学家 11．species n．物种 12．stream n．小河，小溪 13．extraordinary adj.非凡的，出色的 14．radium n．镭(一种化学元素) 15．theory n．学说，理论 16．draft v．起草，草拟 17．lightning n．闪电 18．fiction n．虚构的事，想象的事 19．metal n．金属 20．flash n．闪光 21．conduct v．传导(热、电) 22．gravity n．重力，引力 23．proof n．证明，证据 24．procedure n．程序，步骤，手续 1.shoot v．射出(光线等)，放射 2．flexible adj.易弯曲的，柔韧的 3．desire n．渴望，欲望 4．passive adj.被动的；消极的 5．beyond prep.无法……；超过，越过 6．brilliant adj.聪颖的，才华横溢的 7．cure n．药剂；疗法 8．experiment n．(科学)实验 9．account n．记述，描述 1.press v．按，压→pressure n．压力 2．capable adj.有能力的→capability n．能力 3．significant adj.重要的，影响深远的→significance n．重要性，意义→(反义词)insignificant adj.微不足道的，无足轻重的 4．injure v．使受伤，弄伤→injured adj.受伤的→injury n．伤害，损伤 5．accurate adj.精确的→accuracy n．精确(程度)，准确(性)→accurately adv.精确地，准确地 6．minor adj.小的→minority n．少数，少数民族 7．origin n．起源，起因；由来→original adj.原来的→originally adv.起初，原来 8．mental adj.精神的；精神健康的→mentally adv.精神上 9．declare v．声明，宣告→declaration n．声明，宣告 10．attach v．系，绑；贴→attachment n．附件；依恋 11．science n．科学→scientist n．科学家→scientific adj.科学(上)的 12．entire adj.全部的；完全的→entirely adv.完全地，彻底地 1.in addition除此之外，另外 2．in terms of根据……来说，依照……，就……而言 3．tie...to...把……拴/系在……上 4．along with与……一起，连同……一起 5．establish the truth 证实真相 6．take place发生；进行 7．die from...死于…… 8．come up with想出；提出 1.It suggests that the present day is a new age for inventions, but many people might think that the great age of invention is over.(suggest that...) 这表明当今是发明的新时代，但许多人可能认为发明的辉煌时代已经结束了。 2．So what is it that inspires us to invent things？(强调句型)　那么到底是什么激励我们去发明东西呢？ 3．In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head.(同位语从句) 事实上，不止一种说法表明，尽管牛顿确实受到了掉落的苹果的启发，但没有证据表明苹果砸在了他的头上。 [基础词汇] 1．measure v．测量 2．explore v．探索 3．analyse v．分析 4．prove v．证明 5．innovative adj.创新的 6．imaginative adj.富有想象力的；创新的 7．come up with a theory提出理论 8．carry out research开展研究 9．tireless efforts孜孜不倦的努力 10．creative thinking创造性思维 11．technological advancement技术进步 12．miracles of modern science现代科学的奇迹 13．make a scientific breakthrough取得科学突破 14．hi-tech products 高科技产品 15．the advance of modern science现代科学的进步 16．the spirit of exploration探索精神 [培优词汇] 1．breakthrough n．重大进展，突破 2．experimental adj.实验的 3．component n．成分 4．process n．步骤 v．加工，处理 5．remodel vt.重塑；改造 6．sample n．样品，样本；例子 7．statistics n．统计数字 8．substance n．物质 9．bring convenience to life 给生活带来便利 10．have epoch-making significance 具有划时代的意义 [拔高词汇] 1．variable n．变量 2．specimen n．样品；标本 3．element n．元素 4．compound n．化合物 5．quantum n．量子 6．periodic table元素周期表 7．an age of technological innovation技术革新的时代 8．think outside the box 打破常规思维，创造性思考 9．from different perspectives从不同的角度 话题句型 1.It is the development of science and technology that has improved human life. 正是科学技术的发展改善了人类的生活。 2．Artificial intelligence speeds up the pace of life and brings people great pressure. 人工智能加快了生活节奏，给人们带来了巨大的压力。 3．With science and technology developing fast, our life at present is quite different from that in the past. 随着科学技术的快速发展，我们现在的生活与过去大不相同。 后缀-ive：主要用于构成名词或形容词，表示“具有……倾向、能力或性质”。 [写出句中加黑词的词性及含义/单句语法填空] 1．(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice.adj.有说服力的 2．These volcanoes are so explosive(explode) that they burst open in a single big crack, leaving behind a vast hole—the caldera. 3．Innovative instructional methods dramatically boost workers' productive(produce) capacity. desire　n.渴望，欲望　vt.希望得到；想要 [补全句子/微写作/一句多译] ①(2025·浙江卷1月)Speak directly to what matters to them. This will engage their desire to understand (对理解的渴望) and interact with the information. ②我们希望学校能组织更多这样的活动，这不仅可以缓解我们沉重的压力，还可以开阔我们的视野。 We desire our school to organise more activities like this/desire that our school (should) organise more activities like this, which can not only relieve our heavy pressure but also broaden our horizons.[应用文写作之建议信] ③每个人都渴望成功，而成功只属于努力的人。 →Everyone desires success/to succeed while success only belongs to the hard-working people. (desire v．) →Everyone has a desire for success/to succeed while success only belongs to the hard-working people.(desire n．)[读后续写之主旨升华] (1)have a desire (2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事 desire...to do sth. 希望……做某事 desire that...(should) do sth. 希望……做某事 [佳句背诵] (1)Since you have a strong desire to learn Chinese culture, I strongly recommend Peking University to you. 既然你迫切想要学习中国文化，我向你强烈推荐北京大学。[应用文写作之推荐信] (2)Even though she faces many challenges in her career, her strong desire to improve herself pushes her to keep learning new skills and never give up. 尽管她在职场上遇到很多挑战，但提升自我的强烈愿望促使她坚持学习新技能，永不放弃。 significant　adj.重要的，影响深远的；显著的，值得注意的 [单句语法填空/微写作] ①(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly(significant) reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头)：boiling and filtering (过滤) it. ②(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing's most powerful significance (significant) —the ability to connect people, to put us in another's skin, to teach us what it means to be human. ③在我看来，运动对我们的身体健康是非常重要的。 In my view, exercise is of great significance/is very significant to our physical health． [应用文写作之发言稿] (1)be significant to/for... 对……是重要的 It is significant that... ……意义重大；……是重要的 (2)significance n. 重要性，意义；意思，含义 be of (great) significance to... 对……(很)重要 (3)significantly adv. 有重大意义地；显著地 [佳句背诵] Through participating in this activity, I have become aware of the significance of studying history. 通过参加这次活动，我意识到了学习历史的重要性。[应用文写作之活动报道] attach　v.系，绑；贴；连接；把……固定；使附属；重视 [单句语法填空/微写作] ①(译林选必三U2)We usually sleep in private quarters, which are more like large cupboards, or in sleeping bags attached(attach) to the walls or the ceiling. ②Make sure to include your resume as an attachment(attach) when you apply for the job, so that the hiring manager can easily review your qualifications and experience. ③在学习一门外语的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。 You can never attach too much importance/significance to reading during the course of learning a foreign language.[应用文写作之语言学习] (1)attach to 依附，附属；加入；使依恋 attach...to... 把……固定/附在……上 attach (great) importance/significance to (doing) sth. 认为(做)某事(很)重要， 强调(做)某事的重要性 (2)attached adj. 依恋的；附属的 be attached to 喜欢，依恋；附属于；附在……上 (3)attachment n. 附件；附属物；依恋 [佳句背诵] Inside lay a pair of shoes, with a note attached to it, reading, “Uncle, this is a gift from me to you. Thanks for your hard work.”　盒子里放着一双鞋，上面附着一张纸条，写着：“叔叔，这是我送给您的礼物。感谢您的辛苦付出。” in terms of　根据……来说，依照……，就……而言 [补全句子/微写作] ①In the long term/run(从长远来看), it is important to be on good terms with people (与人关系好) around us. ②就学习方法来说，在线学习是一种灵活的方式，我们可以随时随地获得知识。 In terms of learning methods, online learning is a flexible way that we can have access to knowledge whenever and wherever possible.[应用文写作之演讲稿] (1)come to terms with 让步于；达成协议，和好 be on good/bad terms with sb. 与某人关系好/不好 (2)in the long/short term/run 从长远/短期来看 [佳句背诵] Though they had a disagreement last month, they're now back on good terms with each other.　虽然他们上个月有过争执，但现在已经和好如初了。 强调句型 [教材原句] So what is it that inspires us to invent things？　那么到底是什么激励我们去发明东西呢？ [单句语法填空/微写作/句式升级] ①“What was it that made him think of donating all his pocket money to the homeless children？” I asked in amazement.[读后续写之情绪描写] ②(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)就在这时，托比蹦蹦跳跳地跑了过来，欢快地摇着尾巴。 It was at this moment that Toby bounced over, wagging his tail merrily.[读后续写之动作描写] ③I didn't realize a small act of care could melt people's loneliness until I experienced the event. → It was not until I experienced the event that I realized a small act of care could melt people's loneliness.(强调句)[读后续写之主旨升华] (1)强调句的基本句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分．； (2)强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？； (3)强调句的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？； (4)“not...until...”结构的强调句型：It is/was not until...that...。 [佳句背诵]It is the kind-hearted old lady next door who always helps me take care of my pets when I'm away. 正是隔壁那位善良的老太太，总是在我外出时帮我照看我的宠物。 单句语法填空/补全句子/完成句子 1．(人教选必二U2)Despite his poor living conditions, he remained actively engaged in his scientific(science) research. 2．(译林必修二U2)When you plan an exercise routine, the first thing to consider is what you expect to improve: heart and lung efficiency, muscle strength or flexibility (flexible). 3．(译林必修三U4)In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease. 4．The ancient city of Machu Picchu, entirely(entire) surrounded by forest, receives about one and a half million visits every year. 5．To ensure the accuracy of the experiment data, you should conduct it accurately and keep records of each procedure.(accurate) 6．In addition to China's silk and tea, porcelain was one of the first products to receive worldwide trade. 7．My parents don't put too much pressure on me(没有给我施加太多的压力), which makes me enjoy the learning process. 8．我英语掌握得很好，我相信我能够成为一名合格的助理。 Having a good command of English, I'm confident that I am capable of being a qualified assistant/have the capability to be/of being a qualified assistant． 9．如果你能考虑我的申请并给我这个机会，我将不胜感激。 I would appreciate it if you could take my application into account and give me the chance. 提能一　语境辨词专练 1．猜测句中加黑词的词性及含义 (1)(2025·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)—There's nothing decent to watch these days on TV. —Nothing decent? There's tons of stuff.n.内容 (2)The stems of young bamboo plants are so flexible that they sway safely in strong winds.adj.柔韧的 (3)Tears mixed with joy and relief were streaming down her cheeks at the successful result.v.流动 2．选出conduct的词性及含义 A．v.引导，带领　　B．v.指挥(歌唱或音乐演奏)　　C．v.实施，进行 D．v.举止，表现　　E．v.传导 (1)(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. C (2)With a focused expression, he stepped onto the stage and confidently conducted the large choir, guiding each singer through melodies and harmonies of the song.B (3)Make sure that you conduct yourself as a professional and maintain a respectful attitude in all situations. D (4)The warm-hearted guide conducted us around the West Lake and we enjoyed the breathtaking scenery. A (5)There are some metals that conduct heat well, such as copper and aluminum. E 3．选出press的词性及含义 A．v.催促　　B．v.按压，挤压　　C．n.新闻界；媒体　　D．n.出版社 (1)The press was invited to attend the charity gala hosted by the local community. C (2)This book was published by a small press specializing in historical novels. D (3)Press the red button if you need help—someone will come immediately. B (4)(译林必修一U2)When we're at home, she keeps pressing me to study all the time. A 提能二　应用文写作(智能科技改变生活) 　　假定你是李华，为推进科普教育，你校英语社团正在开展“学科学，用科学”的演讲比赛。请你以“Intelligent Technology Enters Our Lives”为主题，写一篇演讲稿参加比赛，内容包括：1.智能科技在生活中的应用；2.学习智能科技的重要性；3.呼吁大家积极投身科技。 　　Dear teachers and students， 　　My topic today is “Intelligent Technology Enters Our Lives”. Intelligent technology has been widely applied in our daily lives. For example, the instant we tap a few times on our phones, smart home systems will control lighting, temperature, and security equipment. Besides, in the absence of doctors, 1.wearable smart devices are capable of monitoring our health conditions and reminding us to exercise or rest in time(可穿戴智能设备可以监测我们的健康状况，并及时提醒我们运动或休息). What's more(用本单元所学词汇替换黑体词：2.In addition), intelligent systems make it much easier for us to keep in touch with distant friends and family. 　　In conclusion, intelligent technology has become a significant part of our lives. 3.As changes are constantly taking place in the world(随着世界在不断变化), 4.it is very significant to learn science(学习科学是非常重要的) for our personal growth and social development. I 5.suggest that we all should devote ourselves to science and technology actively to build a better future together(建议我们都应该积极地致力于科学技术，共同创造一个更美好的未来；suggest that...). 　　Thank you! 提能三　场景微续写(错失机会后的惊喜) ——有效强化教考衔接 词汇 积累 [人物描写]　capable, desire, never say never, extraordinary, brilliant, mental [动作描写]　press, shoot, injure, draft, attach [环境描写]　stream, lightning, flash, gravity 佳句 积累 [情感描写]　More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth. [主旨升华]　But in science, facts should be proved by experiments and research, and we should not always believe everything we read or hear—even if it is a great story. ——情感描写：惊讶(二) 经典 词汇 1.stunned adj.惊呆的，目瞪口呆的 2．shock vt.使震惊 n．震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.震惊的 靓点 词块 1.gasp in astonishment惊讶地倒吸一口气 2．a tone of surprise/a surprised tone/voice惊讶的口气/声音 3．give a cry of surprise吃惊地喊出声来 4．too surprised/astonished to utter a word/be speechless with shock惊讶得说不出话来 5.freeze/stand still/stop dead/be numb with shock惊讶地呆在原地 6．shake one's head in disbelief难以置信地摇头 7．gape at张口结舌地看，目瞪口呆地凝视 8．one's jaw drops/dropped惊掉下巴 出彩 表达 1.Everyone gasped in astonishment as the car came around the last bend. 汽车驶过最后一个弯道时，每个人都惊讶地倒吸一口气。 2．When I looked at the grade on my math paper, my jaw dropped to the ground.(夸张) 看到数学卷子成绩的那一刻，我惊得下巴掉在了地上。 3．The sudden silence brought an unexpected surprise to the chattering crowd.(无生命名词作主语) 突如其来的安静让喧闹的人群感到一阵意外的惊讶。 ——积累内化应用提升 [场景呈现]　杰里米因生病错失了去国家地质公园考察的机会，他为此感到伤心。令他震惊的是，赫尔夫兰德教授允许他拜访了他的天文台，并邀请杰里米加入他的团队。 第一步　完成句子 1．聪明的杰里米渴望参加在国家地质公园举行的实地考察，但不幸的是，他生病了，失望的泪水顺着脸颊流了下来。 Brilliant Jeremy desired to go on a field trip at the National Geological Park, but unluckily he fell ill, tears of disappointment streaming down his cheeks．(独立主格结构) 2．一想到会错过这次实地考察，他就感到绝望。 Despair seized him at the thought of missing the field trip.(无生命名词作主语) 3．他吃完药，很快就睡着了。当他醒来时，父亲告诉他去见赫尔夫兰德教授，教授会允许他参观自己的天文台。 He took medicine and fell asleep soon. When he awoke, his father told him to meet Professor Helfand, who would allow him to visit his observatory．(定语从句) 4．当他到达天文台时，他呆呆地看着教授，眼睛瞪得圆圆的。 When he arrived at the observatory, he gaped at the professor, wide eyed. 5．好像过了很长时间，他才从震惊中回过神来，脸上露出了笑容。 After what seemed like a long time, he recovered from shock, with a smile flashing across his face．(with复合结构) 6．当他看到许多又大又亮的星星时，他愣住了，然后惊叫了一声。 When seeing many big bright stars, he froze there, and then gave a cry of surprise． 7．用“too...to...”句型续写一个结尾。 He was too excited to say a single word, just staring at the stars with his eyes shining. 第二步　连句成文 ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ One possible version： 　　Brilliant Jeremy desired to go on a field trip at the National Geological Park, but unluckily he fell ill，tears of disappointment streaming down his cheeks. Despair seized him at the thought of missing the field trip.He took medicine and fell asleep soon.When he awoke，his father told him to meet Professor Helfand，who would allow him to visit his observatory. When he arrived at the observatory, he gaped at the professor，wide eyed.After what seemed like a long time，he recovered from shock，with a smile flashing across his face.When seeing many big bright stars, he froze there, and then gave a cry of surprise. He was too excited to say a single word, just staring at the stars with his eyes shining. [选自：选修教材　译林版·选修一(新教材)　UNIT 1 P11] 　　Studying the inside of the Earth① has other benefits too. Some scientists are looking at exciting possibilities for life above ground. It has been discovered that under certain extreme conditions② of pressure and temperature, water forms ice cages that trap hydrogen inside. This may help solve the storage③ problem of hydrogen and pave the way for④ cars to run on hydrogen fuel. Other scientists hope that research into microorganisms⑤ deep inside the Earth would cast light on the origin of life. Almost every living thing on our planet depends on energy from the sun. However, the microorganisms in a gold mine of South Africa survive where⑥ the sun never shines, relying on energy from certain rocks⑦. Therefore, if life on the Earth can survive deep underground without sunlight, could life also be thriving⑧ beneath the surface of Mars？ ①此处为动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式 ②extreme conditions极端条件 ③storage n．存储 ④pave the way for为……铺平道路 ⑤microorganism n．微生物 ⑥where引导地点状语从句 ⑦此处为现在分词短语作方式状语 ⑧thrive v．繁荣；蓬勃发展 1．What can the ice cages of water help solve according to the passage? They can help solve the storage problem of hydrogen. 2. What does the underlined phrase “cast light on” most probably mean? Explain/Clarify. 　　【识文知意】　研究地球内部还有其他好处。一些科学家正在寻找地面上生命存在的令人兴奋的可能性。已经发现，在特定的极端压力和温度条件下，水会形成冰笼，将氢困在内部。这可能有助于解决氢的储存问题，并为氢燃料汽车的发展铺平道路。其他科学家则希望，对地球深处微生物的研究将有助于揭示生命的起源。我们星球上几乎所有的生物都依赖来自太阳的能量。然而，在南非的一个金矿中，微生物却能依靠来自某些岩石的能量在没有阳光照射的地方存活。因此，如果地球上的生命能够在没有阳光的情况下在地下深处存活，那么火星表面之下是否也可能有生命在茁壮成长呢？ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $