22-高考阅读专项训练 -2027年高三英语二轮复习专项

**基本信息** 聚焦高考阅读理解核心题型，通过多体裁文本系统提炼细节理解、推理判断等解题方法，构建“题型-方法-逻辑”三维训练体系，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |细节理解|4题（A1/A2/B4/C9）|定位原文关键信息，排除绝对化表述|依托说明文/记叙文事实信息，训练信息筛选与比对能力| |推理判断|2题（B5/D13）|结合上下文隐含信息，避免过度推断|基于文本逻辑链，培养逻辑推理与批判性思维| |词义猜测|3题（B6/C10/D14）|通过定义解释、同义替换、语境分析|建立词汇与语境的关联，提升猜词策略应用能力| |主旨大意|4题（A3/B7/C8/D15）|抓首尾段、高频词及作者态度，概括核心|从局部信息到整体认知，强化文本结构分析能力| |七选五|5题（E篇）|分析段落衔接与主题句，利用指代/逻辑词|训练语篇连贯意识，提升信息补全与逻辑组织能力|

每日阅读理解练习-Day22 （建议用时：45 min） 一、阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A ——Knowable Magazine, July 3, 2024（改编） Transportation is responsible for about 25% of global greenhouse gas emissions, making it one of the most challenging sectors to decarbonize. Unlike electricity generation, which has seen rapid adoption of renewables, transport remains heavily dependent on fossil fuels. This article summarizes key strategies for greening planes, trains, and automobiles. Electric Vehicles (EVs) EVs are the most visible success story in green transportation. Battery costs have fallen by 90% over the past decade, and many major automakers have committed to phasing out internal combustion engine vehicles by 2035. However, EVs are only as clean as the electricity that powers them. In regions still reliant on coal, the emissions savings are minimal. The availability of charging infrastructure also remains a barrier to widespread adoption. Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs) Aviation accounts for approximately 2.5% of global carbon emissions, but its share is growing rapidly. Unlike ground transportation, aviation cannot easily switch to battery power due to weight constraints. Sustainable aviation fuels, derived from waste oils, agricultural residues, or synthetic processes, can reduce emissions by up to 80% compared to conventional jet fuel. However, SAFs currently cost three to five times more than traditional fuel, and production capacity is limited. Green Shipping International shipping produces about 3% of global emissions. The industry is experimenting with alternative fuels including ammonia, methanol, and hydrogen. Wind-assisted propulsion, using modern sails, is also being tested on cargo ships. While promising, these technologies are still in early stages and require significant investment in port infrastructure. Policy Drivers Government policies play a crucial role in accelerating the transition. Carbon pricing, fuel efficiency standards, and subsidies for clean technologies have proven effective. Many countries have also invested in expanding public transit and high-speed rail networks, which can reduce the need for air and road travel. 1.What is the main advantage of electric vehicles according to the passage? A. They eliminate all transportation emissions. B. They are powered by 100% renewable energy. C. They are affordable to all consumers. D. They have become significantly cheaper to produce. 2.What challenge does the shipping industry face in reducing emissions? A. Lack of interest from cargo companies. B. The technologies require substantial infrastructure investment. C. Wind-assisted propulsion has already failed in tests. D. Shipping produces no significant emissions. 3.According to the passage, what role do government policies play? A. They discourage the adoption of clean technologies. B. They are irrelevant to the transportation transition. C. They help speed up the transition to green transportation. D. They only apply to the aviation industry. B ——STANFORD MAGAZINE, May 2024（改编） When three-year-old Kayla was diagnosed with leukemia, her mother, Sarah, feared the worst. But it wasn’t just the illness that worried her—it was what Kayla would lose while in the hospital. “She was just starting preschool, and she loved it,” Sarah recalls. “I was terrified that she would fall behind.” In most hospitals, children like Kayla would spend months away from school. But at Stanford Children‘s Hospital, a school operates right inside the pediatric wing. The program, part of the hospital’s Child Life Services, provides education to children who cannot attend regular school due to illness. Jessica Martinez, a teacher in the program, remembers Kayla‘s first day. “She had lost her hair, and she looked tired, but the moment she saw the classroom, her eyes lit up.” The classroom is filled with colorful posters, books, and art supplies. “We don’t just teach math and reading,” Martinez says. “We help children feel like themselves again.” The program serves children from preschool through high school. Teachers work closely with doctors to tailor lessons to each child‘s energy levels. “One day a student might be able to do a full hour of work; the next day, only fifteen minutes,” Martinez explains. “We adapt. The goal is not to push them—it’s to keep them connected to their education and their future.” For Sarah, the program changed everything. “Seeing Kayla excited about school again gave us hope,” she says. “It reminded me that she was still a child, not just a patient.” Kayla is now in remission and has returned to her regular school. But she still talks about her teacher in the hospital. “She said I was brave,” Kayla says with a smile. What was Sarah‘s main worry when her daughter was diagnosed with leukemia? 4.A. The side effects of the treatment. B. The cost of her daughter’s medical care. C. The possibility that Kayla would lose educational opportunities. D. Whether Kayla would ever walk again. 5.What does Jessica Martinez mean by “We don‘t just teach math and reading” in paragraph 3? A. The program only teaches math and reading. B. The school also provides emotional and normalizing support. C. The teachers are not qualified to teach other subjects. D. The children refuse to learn math and reading. 6.The underlined word “tailor” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______. A. adjust to fit individual needs B. ignore personal differences C. shorten for all students D. design in a standard way 7.What is the main message of this passage? A. Hospital schools are less effective than regular schools. B. The teachers at Stanford Children‘s Hospital are all former patients. C. Education can provide comfort and normalcy during difficult health situations. D. Cancer treatment is the only thing that matters for sick children. C ——The Conversation, April 2024（改编） In recent decades, tree-planting has been championed as a cost-effective climate solution. The logic is simple: trees absorb carbon dioxide, the primary greenhouse gas driving climate change. However, researchers are increasingly pointing out that the effectiveness of reforestation efforts is not always as simple as “plant a tree, absorb CO₂.” One issue is time. A newly planted forest takes decades—sometimes over a century—to reach the carbon-absorbing capacity of a mature forest. In the meantime, planting trees in certain regions can have unintended side effects. In boreal forests, for example, dark canopies absorb sunlight rather than reflecting it, which can cause local warming. This is known as the albedo effect, and it can partially or completely offset the cooling benefits of carbon storage. Another concern is the type of trees planted. Many large-scale reforestation projects rely on fast-growing monocultures—single species planted in uniform rows. While these trees grow quickly, they store less carbon over time than diverse native forests. They are also more vulnerable to pests and diseases, which can turn a carbon sink into a carbon source if the trees die and decompose. Perhaps the most overlooked factor is where the trees are planted. Planting trees in areas that naturally support other ecosystems, such as grasslands or peatlands, can destroy existing carbon stores. Peatlands, in particular, store far more carbon per hectare than forests. Draining them to plant trees can release huge amounts of carbon into the atmosphere. The message is not that tree-planting is useless, but that it must be done right. Selecting native species, protecting existing forests, and planning for long-term management are essential. As one researcher put it, “The goal should not be to plant as many trees as possible, but to plant the right trees in the right places for the right reasons.” 8.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Planting trees always helps the climate. B. Planting trees can sometimes have unintended negative effects. C. The albedo effect is the only reason tree-planting is harmful. D. Peatlands are less important than forests. 9.According to the passage, why might planting trees cause local warming? A. Trees release more carbon dioxide than they absorb. B. The dark color of tree canopies absorbs sunlight instead of reflecting it. C. Trees decrease the moisture in the atmosphere. D. Trees in boreal regions emit greenhouse gases. 10.The word “monocultures” in paragraph 3 refers to ______. A. forests containing many different species B. single species planted in uniform rows C. trees that grow naturally in the wild D. trees that are resistant to diseases 11.What does the author say about peatlands in paragraph 4? A. They store less carbon than forests. B. Draining peatlands to plant trees can release large amounts of carbon. C. They are unsuitable for storing carbon. D. Planting trees in peatlands is always beneficial. D ——The Guardian, March 2024（改编） The experience of beauty has long been a subject of philosophical inquiry. From Plato to Kant, thinkers have explored whether beauty has the power to transform the human mind. A growing body of research suggests that the answer is yes—and that the effects extend far beyond simple enjoyment. A study from the University of Cambridge examined how engaging with art affects cognitive processing. Participants visited the Kettle’s Yard gallery and were divided into two groups. One group was instructed to focus on the beauty of the artworks; the other was asked to analyze the works for factual details. Both groups completed cognitive tests before and after the visit. The results were striking. Those who focused on beauty showed increased activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, a brain region associated with emotional processing and decision-making. They also performed better on tests measuring abstract thinking and the ability to consider the “bigger picture.” In contrast, the factual analysis group showed no significant cognitive gains. “When we engage with beauty, we are not passive observers,” explains Dr. Simone Schall, senior author of the study. “We are interpreting, connecting, and feeling. This process strengthens the neural networks that support complex thinking.” This psychological shift—known as “psychological distancing”—allows individuals to step back from immediate concerns and adopt a broader perspective. The implications are practical. In healthcare, some hospitals have begun incorporating art into patient recovery programs. In education, schools are reconsidering the value of arts education, not as enrichment, but as a tool for cognitive development. The study reinforces the importance of art creation and appreciation as more than hobbies—they are exercises for the mind. 12.What was the task of the “beauty” group in the experiment? A. To analyze the factual details of the paintings. B. To rate the artworks on their beauty. C. To write an essay about the artworks. D. To memorize the names of the paintings. 13.What does the study suggest about engaging with art? A. It has no effect on brain activity. B. It only benefits people who are already creative. C. It can enhance abstract thinking and emotional processing. D. It is less valuable than factual analysis. 14.The phrase “psychological distancing” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______. A. avoiding all emotional responses B. adopting a broader perspective by stepping back from immediate concerns C. ignoring the artwork entirely D. focusing only on the surface details 15.What is the best title for this passage? A. Why Art Museums Are Essential B. The Cognitive Benefits of Engaging with Beauty C. How to Become a Better Artist D. The History of Aesthetic Philosophy 第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 E ——Feeding America, January 10, 2023（改编） Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults? Family volunteering might be the answer. (16) ______ Volunteering as a family can actually make you feel like you have more time. Research suggests that giving time to community causes increases a person‘s sense of time abundance. (17) ______ Another benefit is physical health. Adults who volunteer regularly have been shown to have lower blood pressure and longer lifespans. (18) ______ Regular volunteering also reduces rates of depression in older adults. For teenagers, the effects can be lifelong. Research has linked volunteering during teenage years to improved academic performance, increased self-confidence, and greater civic engagement later in life. (19) ______ The sense of purpose gained through helping others can shape a young person’s identity in positive ways. (20) ______ Working together toward a common goal creates shared experiences and memories. Whether it‘s sorting food at a food bank or cleaning up a local park, the act of helping others strengthens family bonds in ways that watching a movie together simply cannot match. 选项（A-G）： A. These benefits aren’t just short-term—they last into adulthood. B. Giving your time to others can also bring families closer together. C. The food bank is always looking for volunteers. D. For children, volunteering can be a boring task. E. It may seem counterintuitive, but the science supports it. F. Community service is beneficial for both physical and mental health. G. Volunteering as a family is a great way to create lasting memories. 二、参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇应用文，介绍了交通领域脱碳的三种主要途径——电动汽车、可持续航空燃料和绿色航运，以及政府政策在推动这一转型中的作用，旨在让读者了解绿色交通的最新进展与挑战。 第1题 答案：D 题干句意： 根据文章，电动汽车的主要优势是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“Battery costs have fallen by 90% over the past decade”说明电池成本大幅下降，这是电动汽车的主要优势。A项“消除了所有交通排放”过于绝对；B项“由100%可再生能源供电”与“only as clean as the electricity that powers them”矛盾；C项“所有人都能负担”文中未提及。故正确答案为D。 第2题 答案：B 题干句意： 航运业在减排方面面临什么挑战？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第四段，“While promising, these technologies are still in early stages and require significant investment in port infrastructure”说明新技术需要大量基础设施投资。A项“缺乏兴趣”未提及；C项“已失败”与“being tested”相反；D项“无排放”与“produces about 3% of global emissions”矛盾。故正确答案为B。 第3题 答案：C 题干句意： 根据文章，政府政策起什么作用？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据最后一段，“Government policies play a crucial role in accelerating the transition”说明政策对加速转型起关键作用。A项“阻碍”与“accelerating”相反；B项“无关”与“crucial role”相反；D项“仅适用于航空”与“Carbon pricing, fuel efficiency standards”等广泛措施矛盾。故正确答案为C。 阅读理解 B篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了斯坦福儿童医院内设学校如何帮助患病儿童在接受治疗期间继续学业的故事，展现了教育在艰难时期带来的希望与安慰。 第4题 答案：C 题干句意： 当女儿被诊断出白血病时，Sarah最担心的是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，“I was terrified that she would fall behind”说明Sarah担心女儿会因住院而错过教育机会。A项“治疗副作用”、B项“医疗费用”、D项“能否行走”均未提及。故正确答案为C。 第5题 答案：B 题干句意： 第三段中Jessica Martinez说“我们不仅仅是教数学和阅读”是什么意思？ 解析： 本题考查推理判断。结合上下文，“We don‘t just teach math and reading”后一句“We help children feel like themselves again”说明学校教育不仅传授知识，还提供情感支持和正常化的体验。A项“只教这两门”与字面相反；C项“教不了其他科目”未提及；D项“孩子拒绝学习”未提及。故正确答案为B。 第6题 答案：A 题干句意： 第四段中画线单词“tailor”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“tailor”本意为“裁缝”，引申为“根据需求定制、调整”。文中“tailor lessons to each child‘s energy levels”意为根据每个孩子的精力水平调整课程，adjust to fit individual needs最符合。B项“忽略差异”、C项“缩短”、D项“标准化设计”均不符合。故正确答案为A。 第7题 答案：C 题干句意： 这篇文章的主要信息是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文通过医院学校的故事，说明教育能在孩子面对疾病时提供安慰和常态感。A项“医院学校不如普通学校”与文意相反；B项“教师都是前患者”未提及；D项“只有癌症治疗重要”与文章强调教育重要性矛盾。故正确答案为C。 阅读理解 C篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，分析了大规模植树计划可能带来的意外气候影响，包括时间滞后、反照率效应、单一树种种植和选址不当等问题，强调植树必须“在正确的地方种正确的树”。 第8题 答案：B 题干句意： 这篇文章的主要观点是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文围绕植树可能带来的意外负面影响展开，强调植树并非总是有益于气候。A项“总是有帮助”与全文“unintended side effects”矛盾；C项“唯一原因”过于绝对；D项“泥炭地不如森林重要”与“store far more carbon”相反。故正确答案为B。 第9题 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，为什么植树有时会导致局部变暖？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“dark canopies absorb sunlight rather than reflecting it, which can cause local warming”直接说明原因。A项“释放更多二氧化碳”与“absorb carbon dioxide”不符；C项“降低大气湿度”未提及；D项“排放温室气体”文中未提及。故正确答案为B。 第10题 答案：B 题干句意： “monocultures”一词在第三段中指的是______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。第三段对“monocultures”的定义是“single species planted in uniform rows”。A项“多物种森林”与定义相反；C项“天然野生的树”与“planted”相反；D项“抗病的树”未提及。故正确答案为B。 第11题 答案：B 题干句意： 关于泥炭地，作者在第四段说了什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第四段，“Draining them to plant trees can release huge amounts of carbon into the atmosphere”直接说明排干泥炭地种树会释放大量碳。A项“储碳少于森林”与“store far more carbon”相反；C项“不适合储碳”与“store far more carbon”相反；D项“总是有益的”与“destroy existing carbon stores”相反。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 D篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇议论文/说明文，介绍了剑桥大学的一项研究，表明主动欣赏艺术之美可以促进抽象思维和心理距离，帮助人们摆脱日常思维的局限，进入更开阔的心理状态。 第12题 答案：B 题干句意： 实验中“美感”组的任务是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“One group was instructed to focus on the beauty of the artworks”说明该组任务是将注意力集中在艺术品的美感上。A项“分析事实细节”是对照组的任务；C项“写论文”未提及；D项“记画名”未提及。故正确答案为B。 第13题 答案：C 题干句意： 关于欣赏艺术，研究表明了什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，美感组“performed better on tests measuring abstract thinking”且大脑区域活跃度增加。A项“无影响”与“striking results”矛盾；B项“仅益于已有创造力的人”未提及；D项“不如事实分析有价值”与研究结论相反。故正确答案为C。 第14题 答案：B 题干句意： “psychological distancing”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。根据第四段，“allows individuals to step back from immediate concerns and adopt a broader perspective”是对“psychological distancing”的解释。A项“避免所有情绪反应”、C项“完全忽略艺术品”、D项“仅关注表面细节”均不符合。故正确答案为B。 第15题 答案：B 题干句意： 这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文介绍欣赏美感对认知的益处——抽象思维和心理距离。A项“为什么艺术博物馆必不可少”过于宽泛；C项“如何成为更好的艺术家”偏离主题；D项“美学哲学史”侧重于历史而非研究。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 E篇（七选五） 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了家庭志愿服务对身心健康和家庭关系的多重好处——改善时间感知、促进健康、对青少年产生长期积极影响、增进家庭互动。 第16题 答案：E 题干句意： 志愿服务可能让你感觉时间更充裕？这可能看起来违反直觉，但科学支持这一点。 解析： 本题考查段落衔接。前句引出家庭志愿服务，后句具体说明好处之一。E项“这可能看起来违反直觉，但科学支持这一点”承接前文“might be the answer”，引出后文关于时间感知的研究发现。故正确答案为E。 第17题 答案：B 题干句意： 给予时间还能让家人更亲密。 解析： 本段前面讨论了时间感知的好处，后面开始讨论其他好处。B项“给予时间还能让家人更亲密”可作为段落间的过渡，引出下一段关于家庭关系的讨论。但第40空已有类似内容。实际第37空应选F“社区服务对身心健康都有益”作为本段主题句，后文具体说明健康益处。 第18题 答案：F 题干句意： 社区服务对身心健康都有益。 解析： 本段讨论成年人的身体健康益处（降低血压、延长寿命）以及老年人的心理健康益处（降低抑郁症发病率）。F项“社区服务对身心健康都有益”是该段的主题句，概括了后文内容。 第19题 答案：A 题干句意： 这些益处不仅是短期的——它们持续到成年。 解析： 本段讨论青少年志愿服务的长期影响。前文“improved academic performance, increased self-confidence, and greater civic engagement later in life”，A项“这些益处不仅是短期的——它们持续到成年”与“later in life”和“lifelong”呼应，且“these benefits”指代前文列举的各项益处。 第20题 答案：B 题干句意： 给予时间还能让家人更亲密。 解析： 本段讨论家庭志愿服务如何加强家庭纽带。后文“Working together toward a common goal creates shared experiences and memories”具体说明“brings families closer together”的方式。B项“给予时间还能让家人更亲密”是该段的主题句。D项“对孩子来说，志愿服务可能是无聊的任务”与文章主旨相反；C项“食物银行总是需要志愿者”偏离主题。 多余选项： C（食物银行总是需要志愿者——偏离讨论志愿服务的“好处”主题）、D（对孩子来说，志愿服务可能是无聊的任务——与全文积极基调矛盾） 三、长难句分析 1.原句： “Draining them to plant trees can release huge amounts of carbon into the atmosphere, which means that what appears to be a climate solution can actually make the problem worse if not carefully planned.” a. 翻译： 排干这些泥炭地来种树可能会向大气中释放大量的碳，这意味着，如果没有经过仔细规划，看似气候解决方案的措施实际上可能使问题变得更糟。 b. 句子结构分析： 本句为复合句，包含一个非限制性定语从句和一个宾语从句，其中宾语从句内又嵌套了一个主语从句。具体结构如下： 主句：Draining them to plant trees（动名词短语作主语）can release（谓语）huge amounts of carbon（宾语）into the atmosphere（地点状语） 非限制性定语从句：, which means...（which指代前面整个主句所描述的事实，在从句中作主语） 宾语从句：that what appears to be a climate solution can actually make the problem worse if not carefully planned（作means的宾语） 嵌套主语从句：what appears to be a climate solution（在宾语从句中作主语） 条件状语：if not carefully planned（省略了it is） 2.原句： “The study reinforces the importance of art creation and appreciation as more than hobbies, suggesting that engaging with beauty is not merely a passive experience but an active mental exercise that strengthens the neural networks supporting complex thinking and emotional balance.” a. 翻译： 这项研究强调了艺术创作和欣赏不仅仅是爱好的重要性，表明参与美的体验不仅仅是被动的经历，而是一种主动的心智锻炼，能够强化支持复杂思维和情绪平衡的神经网络。 b. 句子结构分析： 本句为复合句，包含一个现在分词短语作结果状语，其中嵌套一个宾语从句，该宾语从句中包含一个表语从句结构和一个定语从句。具体结构如下： 主句：The study reinforces（谓语）the importance of art creation and appreciation as more than hobbies（宾语） 现在分词短语作结果状语：, suggesting that...（suggesting的逻辑主语是前面的整句内容） 宾语从句：that engaging with beauty is not merely a passive experience but an active mental exercise（作suggesting的宾语，其中包含“not merely...but...”的并列表语结构） 定语从句：that strengthens the neural networks（修饰先行词exercise） 定语从句：supporting complex thinking and emotional balance（现在分词短语作定语，修饰networks，相当于which support...） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $