第18章 情景交际-【创新教程】2027年高考英语语法知识大全

第18章情景交际 章 English 第18 情景交际 情景交际 英语 语法 YINGYUYUFA 情景交际是指以对话为主要表达形式、以情景为条件和背景，涉及日常生活的诸多情景和 语境。 知识.网路导读 知识网络提纲挈领 问候和应答 喜悦 介绍和应答 惊奇 告别和应答 焦虑 感谢和应答 道歉、遗憾与同情和应答 情感类 安慰 满意 邀请和应答 遗憾 祝愿、祝贺和应答 同情 请求允许和应答 失望 提供（帮助）和应答 沮丧 接受礼物时的应答 情景 同意和不同意 约会 社会交往类 交际 喜好和厌恶 打电话 肯定和不肯定 问路和应答 谈论天气 态度类 可能和不可能 能够和不能够 语言困难 禁止和反对 提醒和警告 判断和意见 劝告和建议 就餐 意愿和打算 就医 责备和抱怨 购物 专题，考点透视 核心要点技法突破 一、情景交际分类 Fine,thanks.And you? 1.社会交往(Social Communications) Very well,thank you. 问候(Greetings) Just so-so. A.Hi!/Hello! Sure. Good morning/afternoon/evening. All right. How are you?/How are you doing? 介绍(Introduction) Please say hello to your parents. A.My name is Jim.I'm a student.I'm from Amer- Please give my love/best wishes to Lucy. ica. B.Hi!/Hello! This is Mr./Mrs./Miss Brown. Good morning/afternoon/evening. I'd like you to meet Bob. I'm OK. May I introduce Mr.Brown? ·171· 英语语法 B.Hello！ B.①OK.Thank you. How do you do? I'd like that.Thanks. Nice/Glad/Pleased to meet (see)you. Yes,I'd love to. 告别(Farewells) That would be very nice. A.Good-bye/Bye/Bye-bye. ②No,thank you. Good night. It's very nice of you,but my mother is ill. See you later/then/tomorrow. I'd love to,but I'm afraid I have no time. I am sorry I have to go now. I'm sorry I can't.What about another time? 请求允许(Asking for permission) I am afraid I must be leaving now. A.May I come in? B.Good-bye/Bye/Bye-bye. Can/Could I use your telephone? See you. Is it all right if I sit here? Good night. I wonder if I could smoke here. See you later/then/tomorrow. Would/Do you mind if I opened/open the 感谢(Thanks) window? A.Thank you(very much)./Thanks a lot. B.①Yes,please. Thanks for your help. Sure./Certainly./Of course. It's very kind/nice of you. Please do. I appreciate your help. That's all right. B.It's a pleasure./My pleasure. Of course,you can. That's OK/all right. Go ahead,please. You're welcome. DI'm sorry,it's not allowed. Don't mention it. I'm afraid not. 道歉(Apologies) You'd better not. A.Sorry./I'm sorry./Excuse me,please. It's not allowed. I beg your pardon. I'm sorry,but you can smoke in the next room. I'm sorry for losing your book. I'm sorry to interrupt you. 祝愿和祝贺(Expressing wishes and congratu- lations) I'm sorry (that)I'm late. A.Have a good day/time! B.That's OK./It's all right./Never mind. Have a good journey/trip! It doesn't matter. Good luck! It's nothing. Enjoy yourself！ Forget it. Best wishes to you! 邀请(Invitation) Happy New Year!Merry Christmas! A.Would you like to go for a walk? Happy birthday! You must come to dinner with us. Wish you all the success! May I invite you to dinner? Congratulations！ What/How about having a walk? Well done! ·172· 第18章情景交际 B.Thank you.You,too. 2I'm afraid I have no time then. The same to you. Sorry,I won't be free then.But I'll be free 提供帮助(Offering help) tomorrow. A.Do you want me to clean the car? 打电话(Making telephone calls) Can I help you? A.Hello!May I speak to Tom? Would you like me to help you? Hello!I'd like to speak to Mr.Green. What can I do for you? Is that Lucy speaking? Let me take your bags. Extension six twotwo six,please. B.DYes,please./Yes,thanks. Can I leave a message? Thank you.That would be nice/fine. I'll call back later/again. Thank you for your (the)help. 2No,thanks/thank you. I'll ring him/her up again. Thank you all the same. B.Hello!This is Mary speaking. That's very kind of you,but I can manage it Hello,who is that? myself. Hold the line,please. 接受或拒绝(Acceptance and refusal) Just a moment,please. A.All right/OK. Hello!Who's speaking? Certainly/Sure. Sorry.He/She isn't here right now. That's just the very thing I've been want- Can I take a message? ing. Sorry.I can't hear you. B.No way. Sorry.I'm afraid you have the wrong num- Of course not. ber. I'm sorry I can't do that. 就餐(Having meals) I'm afraid I have no time then. A.Would you like something to eat/drink? That's very kind of you,but I can manage it What would you like (to have)? myself. Would you like some more fish? 约会(Making appointments) Help yourself to some fish. A.Will you be free tomorrow? Which do you prefer,rice or noodles? Do you have time this afternoon? What would you like to drink,tea or cof- How about tomorrow morning? fee? When/Where shall we meet? Could we meet at 4:30? B.DYes,I'd like a drink. Let's make it 4:30. I'd like rice/chicken/dumplings. What time is convenient for you? Just a little,please. I'd like to make an appointment with Mr. Can I have some more soup? Jones. It's so delicious.Thank you. B.DYes,I'll be free then. I prefer noodles to rice All right.See you then. I like green/black tea. ·173· 英语语法 2No,thank you.I've had enough. 问路(Asking the way) I'm full,thank you. A.Excuse me.Where's the washroom? It's very delicious,but I can't eat any Can you tell me how to get to the post more, office? 就医(Seeing the doctor) Excuse me.Which bus goes to the World A.What's the matter? Park? Do you have a fever? Excuse me.Which is the way to the Bank What seems to be the trouble? of China? How long have you felt like this? Excuse me.Could you tell me the way to It's nothing serious. the station,please? Take this medicine three times a day. You'll be all right/well soon. How can I get to No.4 Middle School? B.①It's over there. Give up smoking and keep on taking more ex It's about 400 metres from here. ercises B.I have a headache/cough/fever. Go down this street until you see the tall I feel terrible/bad/horrible/awful. red building. I don't feel well.I've got a pain here. Turn right/left at the first/second cross- It hurts here.I don't feel like eating. ing/corner. I can't sleep well. You can't miss it. 购物(Shopping) You can take bus No.103. A.Can/May I help you? You'd better take a taxi. What can I do for you? 2Sorry.I don't know.I'm a stranger here. How many/much would you like? 谈论天气(Talking about weather) What colour/size/kind would you like? A.What's the weather like today? This one? How's the weather in Beijing? Here's your change. What a cold/hot day today! B.I want/I'd like a pair of shoes. It's a nice/fine/beautiful/horrible day today. How much is it/are they? B.It's sunny/cloudy/windy/rainy/snowy/foggy. May I try it on? It's getting cool/cold/warm/hot. It's too big/small. Sorry,it's too expensive. 语言交际困难(Language difficulties in com- Do you have any other colours/sizes/ munication) kinds? Pardon?/I beg your pardon? Two and a half kilos/pounds,please. I don't understand./Sorry,I can't follow That's fine.I'll take it. you. Just have a look. Could you say that again,please? Well,I'll think about it. Could you repeat that,please? ·174· 第18章情景交际 Can you speak more slowly,please? If I were you,I'd phone him now. What do you mean by“killing time'”? Don't rush/hurry/push. How do you say...in English? Please stand in line. I don't know how to say that in English. 建议(Suggestions) I don't know the word in English. Let's go and have a look. How do you spell it,please? Should we go now? I'm sorry I only know a little English. What/How about a picnic this Sunday? 提醒注意(Reminding) Why don't you buy a computer? Don't forget your bag. Why not go to a movie? Remember to lock the door. 2.态度(Attitudes) Make sure that all the windows are closed. 同意和不同意(Agreement and disagreement) Mind your head/step！ A.Sure./Certainly./Exactly. No smoking! That's correct. No spitting! Of course. Wet floor! All right. Look out I agree. Be careful No problem. Don't touch! That's a good idea. It's dangerous！ Yes,I think so. 警告和禁止(Warning and prohibition) B.No way. A.Be careful/Look out/Take care/Mind out/ Watch it! Of course not. Watch out/Watch yourself! I don't agree. Watch your step! I don't think so. I'm afraid not. Don't lose your head！ Let/Leave it alone！ 喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes) B.No smoking/passing/parking/spitting! A.This book is very interesting. Keep off the grass! I like/love the movie (very much). You mustn't do such a thing. I like/love to play basketball. Stop making stupid comments. I like walking after supper. Don't be late. I enjoy listening to music. 劝告(Advice) I'm interested in science. You'd better go to see a doctor. He is fond of music. You should listen to and read English every B.This song is bad/awful. day. I don't like the movie very much/at all. You need to buy a Chinese-English diction I don't enjoy collecting stamps. ary. I hate to do homework. ·175· 英语语法 肯定和不肯定(Certainty and uncertainty) I'd rather drink coffee than tea. A.I'm sure. Where would you rather go,London or I'm sure of that. Tokyo? I'm (quite)sure (that)she'll join us. 意愿和打算(Intentions and plans) There is no doubt that it's made of silk. A.I'll go with you. It's clear that it will rain soon. I'm going to see my uncle this afternoon. B.I'm not so sure. I'd like to make a phone call to her after I'm not sure of that. class. I'm not sure whether/if she can come. I want/hope to find an English pen-friend. C.Maybe you're right. I plan to go to Hangzhou this summer. Perhaps she is at home now. We are ready to move to a new house. It's hard to say. Bill intends to spend his vacation in Cali- 可能和不可能(Possibility and impossibility) fornia. A.He can/may come today. I am thinking of driving to Beijing. It may snow tonight. B.I won't see the movie again. It's possible to finish the homework before I'm not going to buy the book. 6 o'clock. I don't want to live in the big city. It's likely to rain this afternoon. 希望和愿望(HHopes and wishes) It's likely that you will lose this game. I wish to see you again. B.He may not come so early. I hope to become a doctor. He can't be in the office now. I hope it stays fine. It's not likely to snow soon. It's impossible to finish my homework I wish I were younger. within one hour. I hope so. 能够和不能够(Ability and inability) I hope not. A.He can ride a bike. 表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement) He's able to pass the math exam. A.Excellent!/Verygood!/Welldone!/ He is good at football. Wonderful!/You speak English very well. B.He can't drive. Your dress is beautiful! He's unable to walk any more. Come on! She's not good at swimming. Keep trying! 偏爱和优先选择(Preference) You can do it! I prefer tea. B.Thank you.OK. Which do you prefer,tea or coffee? I'll try it again. I prefer tea to coffee. 责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint) I'd prefer to go by train. You're to blame. I like English better/best. She blamed him for coming home late. My favourite subject is physics. What do you mean by doing so? ·176· 第18章情景交际 How could you cheat your teacher? It surprises me that your English is so He shouldn't have done it. beautiful. Why didn't you tell me the truth? Does that surprise you? I'm sorry to have said that,but this room is too Is this what you expected? dirty. 忧虑(Worries) I hate to have to say this,but it's too noisy What's wrong? here. What's the matter? Why don't you do something about it? Anything wrong? 冷淡(Indifference) What should we do? I don't care. Is something worrying you? I don't care what you do. Are you worried about your health? It doesn't matter to me. 安慰(Reassurance) I don't mind if you smoke. There,there. Don't be afraid. It's none of my business. 判断与评价(Judgement and evaluation) Don't worry. It's (quite)all right. A.In my opinion,Tom is the right man. It'll be OK/all right. It seems as if it is going to rain. 满意(Satisfaction) So/As far as I know,that is possible. Good! B.It sounds interesting. Well done! It seems to me that's wonderful. Perfect! I'm afraid you are wrong about that. That's fine. How wonderful the idea is! That's better. 3.情感(Emotions) That's good enough. 高兴(Happiness) I'm pleased with your spoken English. How wonderful/nice! 遗憾(Regret) That's lovely/great/wonderful! I'm so sorry！ I'm so happy. It's a great pity！ It's well done. What a shame! I'm pleased to know that. That's too bad！ 惊奇(Surprise) I wish I had never given it up. Really！ If I had been there,he would not have made Oh dear！ such a serious mistake. Is that so? 同情(Sympathy) What a surprise! I'm so sorry! How nice to see you! I'm so sorry about your illness. How surprising! I'm sorry to hear you are going away. I'm surprised. Please accept my deep sympathy. ·177· 英语语法 恐惧(Fear) What did you do next? Help！ Finally we found our way out. How terrible！ It rained even harder later on. I'm afraid of that dog. 5,空间(Space) I'm frightened. 位置(Position) You scared me! A.Where is the picture? I dare not go out at night! B.It's on/above/under/beside/near/behind the 愤怒(Anger) table. Damn! He sits at the back of the room. Isn't it annoying! The lab is in the centre of the school. What a stupid idiot！ 方向(Direction) 4.时间(Time) A.Which is the way to the station? 时刻(Point of time) Where is the train/bus going? A.Excuse me.What's the time,please? Where are you going? Excuse me.What time is it? Are you going up/down? Have you got the time? B.Go down this street,and turn left/right at the When did you come to China? first crossing. What time do you get up every day? The train is going to Xi'an. B.It's half past five/twenty to nine. The train is going to the east/west/south/ I came to China in 2008. north. I get up at 6 o'clock. 时段(Duration) I'm going to the railway station. I'm leaving for Shanghai. A.How long have you been in this school? How long does it take you to get to 距离(Distance) school? A.How far is your school from here? When did you live in Beijing? B.It's about 40 minutes by bike. How long have you been ill? It's about 6 kilometres/miles away. B.I have been in this school for three years. 6,存在与不存在(Existence and non-exist- It takes me twenty minutes by bike. ence) I lived in Beijing from 2010 to 2014. A.Is there a bird in the tree? I have been ill since last Monday night. Are there any apples in the tree? 频度(Frequency) Yes,there is/are. A.How often do you go to movies? There's a bird in the tree. B.I go to the movie once a week. There are many/a lot of birds in the tree. I often go to movies. B.There isn't an English book in the school- 次序(Sequence) bag. The cat ran here and there,first on this There aren't any English books in the side,then on that side. schoolbag. ·178· 第18章情景交际 No,there's no water in the bottle. B.I'm eighteen. There's no more paper in the printer. He/She is six years old. No water exists on the moon. Uncle Wang is an old man. 7.特征(Features) 8.计量(Measurement) 形状(Shape) 长度(Length) A.What does it look like? A.How long is the bridge? What's the shape of the clouds? B.It's 430 metres/feet long. B.It looks like a camel. 宽度(Width) It's round/long/tall/short. A.How wide is the river? It's circle/square. B.It's about 200 metres wide. It's a U-shaped road. 高度(Height) 颜色(Colour) A.How tall/high is the building? A.What colour is the bag? B.It's 130 metres tall/high. B.It's green/red/blue/yellow/black/white/ The building has 85 floors/stories. orange/purple/light brown /dark blue. 数量(Number) I like the photo in black and white. A.How many students are there in your 材料(Material) class? A.What's the table made of? How much water do you drink every day? What's the red wine made from? B.There are forty students in our class. B.It's made of wood. I drink five glasses of water every day. It's made from grapes. 9.比较(Comparison) I bought a woollen sweater yesterday. 同级比较(Equal comparison) 价格(Price) The room is as big as that one. A.How much is the dictionary? I can speak English as fluently as you. How much are they? I can't run so fast as Tom. Is it cheap/expensive? 差别比较(Comparative and superlative) B.The dictionary costs me 100 yuan. The car is more expensive than that one. The dictionary is expensive/cheap. Tom is the tallest in his class. 规格(Size) 相似和差别(Similarity and difference) A.What size is your sweater? This picture is the same as that one on the What size shoes do you wear? wall. B.The size of my sweater is XXL. Lucy is like her mother. It's too big/small/long/short for me. Tom looks like his father. 年龄(Age) My picture is different from yours. A.How old are you? There are five differences between the two pic- How old is he/she? tures. ·179· 英语语法 l0,逻辑关系(Logical relations) 2.What if...?/So what?/What?/What for? 原因和结果(Cause and effect) Guess what?/What then? A.Why are you late for school? What if...?万一…怎么办？/如果…怎么样？ How could you miss the train/plane? So what?=What of it?那又怎样？（表示不以为然） What for?=For what?为什么？ B.Because his bike was broken. (用来询问原因或目的)》 As she had a fever,she couldn't go to Guess what?你猜怎么着？ school. (用来吸引对方对令人惊奇或惊喜的事情的注意) Because of the bad traffic,I missed the What?真的？（用以表示不相信或惊奇） What then?=Then what? train. 下一步怎么办？那会怎么样呢？ Due to the heavy fog,the traffic was 3.How come...?/How about...?/And how!/ closed. How so?/How is that? He studied hard,so he passed the exam. How come...?怎么会…的？（用来对令人惊 目的(Purpose) 奇的事情所发生的原因进行提问)》 A.Why are you here today? How about...?…怎么样？（用来提出建议） Why did you do that? And how！那还用说！（用来表示极为赞同，有时 B.I came here to see you off. 为反语) I did that in order to protect the trees. How so?为何如此？（用来让对方对所持观点做 11l.职业(Occupations) 出解释) How is that'?那是怎么回事？ 工作(Jobs) 4.It's up to you./It depends./It's hard to say. A.What are you? It depends.看情况而定，表目前还不能确定，要看 What does your mother do 情况发展。 What's your job? It's up to you.你看着办吧，表说话者无所谓或无 B.I'm a lawyer/worker/teacher/manager. 权做出决定，靠对方自己做出决断。 单位(Employer) It's hard to say.情况很难预料，不好说。 A.Where do you work? 5.Take it easy./Take your time. What company are you working for? ,Take it easy..别紧张，用以安慰对方。 B.I'm teaching English in a high school. (Take your time.慢慢来，安慰对方不要着急 I'm working for a computer company. 6.My pleasure./With pleasure. 二、易混常用交际用语 “My pleasure.”表示不用谢，相当于It'sa 1.Forget it./Don't mention it. pleasure.同义表达还有：Not at all.It's/ Forget it..意为：1)别提了；2)没关系；3)休 That's all right.You're welcome.That's 想/不可能。 OK.Don't mention it..等。With pleasure. Don't mention it.意为：不客气，不用谢。 乐意效劳，非常愿意。 ·180· 第18章情景交际 -It's a wonderful evening.Thank you. ①用于回答感谢，意为“不用谢；不客气”。 -My pleasure. ②用于回答道歉，意为“没关系”。 今晚真不错，谢谢。 ③用于表示否定（是No的加强说法），意 不用谢。 为“一点也不，完全不”。 7.Come on!/Cheer up! No problem.既可回答感谢（意为：不用 Come on!快点、加油，表示敦促、鼓励等； 谢)，又可回答抱歉（意为：没关系），还可用 也可表示不耐烦的语气，意为“得了吧”。 来表示同意或愉快地回答请求，意为：没问 Cheer up!高兴起来/振作起来，用于鼓励， 题；小事一桩。 振作精神。 12.All right./That's all right./That's right. (1)All right.用于赞同对方的意见、建议 8.Help yourself./Yes,please./Go ahead. 或邀请，意为“好，行，可以”。 Go on./Come on!/Hurry up. (2)That's all right..有下列几种用法： Help yourself..自便，自己来吧。 Yes,please.请！表示允许对方做请求之事。 ①对别人致谢的回答，意为“不用谢；别客 Go ahead.去做吧。表示同意并鼓励对方去做请求之事。 气”相当于That'sOK./Not at all./ Goon.继续（在进行或谈论的事）。 You're welcome.等。 Come on！来！加油！用来鼓励对方参与某事。 ②对别人致歉时的回答，意为“没关系；别 Hurry up.赶紧；快点。用来催促对方快点行动。 介意”。相当于It doesn't matter../Never 9.Good luck./Congratulations./Have fun! mind等。 Best wishes. (3)That's right.意为“正确；对”，用于表 Good luck.祝你好运。是当对方参加某项活动时， 示对某一事物的肯定，即同意对方的观点 向对方表示的祝福语。 或意见。在口语中可直接用right作答。 Congratulations,祝贺你。 是当对方做某事取得了成功时的祝贺用语。 13.Why sb./Why not?/Why bother? Have fun!玩得开心点！ (1)Why sb.?用来提问某人为什么会被 相对于Have a good time,表示祝愿。 选中或受苦。 Best wishes..一般用于信的结尾处，表示对对方的祝愿 (2)Why not?用来表达同意对方的建议。 10.What's on?/What's up? (3)Why bother?何必那么麻烦？用来表 What's (going)on? 达某事没必要那样麻烦。 怎么了？这里发生什么事了？有什么节 三、方法突破 目？上演什么电影？用于询问情况。 情景交际涉及内容面广；一部分内容有固 What'sup?怎么了？有什么事吗？在口 定的应答结构，解题时要充分利用固定答语： 语中使用广泛。 另一部分在解题时，要力求用英语思维，注意 11.Never mind./Not at all./No problem. 中、英两种文化的差异，避免母语交流式的干 Never mind.相当于：Don't worry..不必担心。 扰，要根据对话情景和所掌握的习惯用语来推 Not at all..有下列几种用法： 断出正确答案。 181·