第14章 主谓一致-【创新教程】2027年高考英语语法知识大全

第14章主谓一致 章 第14 主谓一致 Grammar Agreement 英语 主谓一致 语法 YINGYUYUFA 主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。主要遵循三个原 则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 知识.网络昌读 知识网络提纲挈领 指主语和谓语动词在人称和数上取得一致 语法一致原则 主谓一致的原则 意义一致原则」 不依靠语法形式，而是依靠意义来处理一致关系 就近一致原则指谓语动词的人称和数要与它最邻近的名词或代词一致 主谓一致 高考热点 并列主语的主谓一致 单一主语的主谓一致 主谓一致的情况 其他情况 专题，考点透视 核心要点技法突破 一、语法一致 主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式； 主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。 语法情况 例句 (2025·全国二卷)People often feel they are too busy to vol- unteer, 人们经常觉得自己太忙了，没有时间做志愿者。 l.主语是由and,both.,and连接Rice and wheat are grown in China. 的并列结构 中国种植水稻和小麦。 如果主语指的是两个或两个以上(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Walkers are sure to learn lots about 的人或物，则谓语动词用复数；不the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs. 可数名词作主语，谓语动词用步行者一定会学到很多关于Blackstairs栖息地和自然世界 单数。 的知识。 y fiance(未婚夫)and I were excited about shopping for our first home. 我和未婚夫对购买我们的第一个家用房子很兴奋。 ·139· 英语语法 续表 语法情况 例句 The students as well as the teacher like the paintings. 学生和老师都喜欢这些画。 2.当主语后面接由as well as,.as The students,together with their teacher are going to have a much as,including,in addition to, picnic this weekend. more than,no less than,rather学生们打算这个周末与他们的老师一起去野餐。 than,with,together withThe famous musician,as well as his students,was invited to 的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要依perform at the opening ceremony of the20l2 Taipei Flower 据主语的单复数而定。 Expo. 那位著名的音乐家还有他的学生们被邀请参加2012年台北 花卉展的开幕式表演。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 (2026·全国二卷)Teaching kids work ethic is to gently and 3.非谓语动词和从句作主语 consistently push them toward responsibility,determina- 动词不定式或动词-ing形式作主tion,and pride in their efforts. 语时，谓语动词用单数。若两个或培养孩子的工作态度，就是以温和而持续的方式引导他们树 两个以上非谓语动词并列作主语，立责任感、坚定决心，并为自己的努力感到自豪。 分指两个或两个以上动作时，谓语That they will win is certain.. 动词用复数形式。 他们会赢是确信无疑的。 名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一Listening to loud music at rock concerts has caused hearing 般用单数形式。若两个或两个以loss in some teenagers.. 上名词性从句并列作主语，谓语动在摇滚音乐会上听大声的音乐已经导致了一些青少年听力 词需用复数形式。 的丧失。 (2023·新课标I卷)Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step,but don't beat yourself up about them. 对错误负责是积极的一步，但不要为此自责。 4.each和复合不定代词作主语 each some/any/every/no (2025·全国二卷)Everyone brings something unique to the body/one/thing构成的复合不定 table and can connect with each other in a new way.每个人 代词someone,somebody,some 都能带来独特的东西，并能以新的方式相互联系。 Each is worse than the one before. thing,anyone,anybody,anything, 一个比一个差。 everyone,everybody,everything, no one,nobody,nothing the (西安模拟)Someone wants to see you. 有人想见你。 other作主语，谓语动词用单数。 5.more than one/many a+单数 More than one student has read Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes. 名词作主语 很多学生都看过柯南·道尔的《福尔摩斯》。 “more than one/many a+单数名More than two thousand people have turned out to welcome 词”作主语时，尽管其意义是复数，the astronaut. 但谓语动词还是用单数形式。但两千多人出来欢迎这位宇航员。 “more than十复数名词”或“more+(2026·全国一卷)And in just a few weeks,more than three 复数名词+than one”作主语时，hundred new songs were created using her AI voice, 谓语动词要用复数。 短短几周内，利用她的AI语音就创作出了三百多首新歌。 ·140· 第14章主谓一致 续表 语法情况 例句 6.表示成双的物体的名词作主语 His glasses were broken,so he can't see well. 英语中有些表示成双的物体的名词如：glas 他的眼镜碎了，因此他看不太清楚。 ses眼镜，scissors剪刀，shorts短裤，shoes鞋 His trousers are made of cotton. 子，trousers裤子等作主语，其后的谓语动词 他的裤子是用棉布做的。 用复数形式。 A large amount of damage was done in a short time. 7.amount和quantity结构作主语 在短时间内就造成了巨大的损失。 “a large amount of-十不可数名词”结构作主 Large amounts of money were spent on the 语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“large amounts bridge. of十不可数名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词用 建这座桥花了一大笔钱。 复数形式。类似的结构还有“a large quantity A large quantity of pure water is needed there. of+可数/不可数名词”结构（谓语用单数）以 那里需要大量的纯净水。 及“large quantities of-+可数/不可数名词”结 Large quantities of water are needed for cooling 构（谓语用复数）。 purpose. 需要大量的水来降温。 [温馨提示]l.若这类名词前有数量词pair,则以pair的单、复数决定动词的形式。如： Two pairs of trousers are missing.两条裤子不见了。 This pair of shoes is not on sale..这双鞋不出售。 2.由and连接的并列主语，前面分别有each,every,no修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如： Every boy and every girl has to receive education in our country. 在我国男孩和女孩都得接受教育。 No student and no teacher was invited to the party. 学生和老师没有被邀请参加晚会。 3.当“名词十and十名词”结构表示单一概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。and所连接的表示单 一概念的短语有很多，现列举几个常见的搭配： a horse and cart一辆马车 a knife and fork一副刀叉 a watch and chain一块带链的手表 a poet and writer诗人和作家 bread and butter涂有黄油的面包 bread and milk浸在牛奶中的面包块 truthfulness and honesty诚实和正直 war and peace战争与和平 ·141· 英语语法 二、意义一致原则 续表 意义一致是指谓语动词与主语的一致取 情况 例句 决于主语所表达的意义。若主语形式上为复 None of them has 数，而意义上是单数，动词要用单数；若主语形 arrived yet at the 式上为单数，而意义上为复数，则动词要用 settlement. 复数。 4.none of和neither 他们中还没有一个 of后跟复数名词或复 到达住宅区。 情况 例句 数代词作主语 None of them have none of和neither of arrived yet. Twenty years has 后跟复数名词或复数 他们都还没到。 passed since we 代词作主语时，多作 Neither of the chil- 1.表示时间、距离、金 left school.我们 单数看待，有时也作 dren was hurt. 钱、重量、度量、容量、温 离开学校已经20 复数看待，主要根据 两个孩子没有一个 度等的复数名词作主语 年了。 说话人的意思决定。 受伤。 通常看作一个整体，谓 Ten thousand dollars Neither of the men 语动词用单数形式。 is a lot of money. were rich. 一万美元是一大 这两个人都不富裕。 笔钱。 Two fifths of the land in that district is covered with trees 2. 集合名词family, My family is a big 5.“分数/百分数十of and grass. class,crowd,team,gov- one, 短语”作主语 该地区五分之二的 ernment, company, 我家是个大家庭。 这时谓语动词的数要 土地被树木和草所 group等作主语时，如 My family are all 依of短语中名词的 覆盖。 果强调整体，谓语动词 fond of sports. 数而定。 Eighty-nine percent of 用单数：如果强调个体， 我们全家人都喜 smokers are male. 谓语动词用复数。 欢体育。 89%的吸烟者是 男性。 3.单复数同形的名词作 Each means has The rest of the build- 主语 been tried to solve ings are easy to get to. 有些名词是单复数同形， the problem,but 6.表示部分概念或不 其余的建筑物并不 作主语时谓语动词根据 none is effective. 定数量的名词、代词 难上。 其表示的单复数而定。 解决这个问题的 作主语 The rest of his life 此类名词有： 每一种方法都试 表示部分概念或不定 was happy. 数量的名词、代词作 他的晚年生活很 means方法，手段 过，但没有一种 主语时，谓语动词的 幸福。 crossroads十字路口 有效。 数应根据后面名词的 Most of my time works工厂 There are various 数而定。这些名词或 was spent in read- series系列 means of commu- 代词有：all,any, ing. sheep羊 nicating with a enough,half,more, 我的大部分时间被 species种类 stranger. most,the rest,part, 用在读书上。 deer鹿 同陌生人交流有 some等。 Most of the people headquarters总部 很多不同的方法。 are aware of it. 大部分人都知道它。 142 第14章主谓一致 三、就近原则 We saw abandoned farms which were 就近原则是指谓语动词要与它最邻近的 built more than a hundred years ago.我们看 名词或代词保持人称与数的一致。 到了一百多年前建成的已经废弃了的农场。 情况 例句 I turned around and glared at the person who was humming.我转过身瞪着那个正在哼 Either his friends or 唱的人。 1.由or,either...oi (2)依据“one of+可数名词复数”结构中 等连接的并列结构作 his brother is wrong. 定语从句修饰的先行词。 不是他的朋友们错 主语 了，就是他哥哥 “one of-+复数名词+关系代词”之后的谓 由or,either.·or, 错了。 语动词用复数形式；“the(only,very,right) nor, neither...nor, one of+复数名词+关系代词”之后的谓语动 Not only I but also not only...but also, 词用单数形式。 not.·.but连接的并 Jane and Mary are The girl is one of the students who are tired of having ex- 列主语，通常按照就 very honest. aminations one after 近原则，谓语动词的 这个女孩是那些非常诚实的学生之一。 another. 单、复数依照它靠近 The girl is the (only/very)one of the 不仅我而且简和玛 的主语的单复数 students who is very honest..这个女孩是那些 丽都讨厌一个接一 而定。 学生中唯一一个非常诚实的人。 个的考试。 (3)依据关系代词的所指 若是非限制性定语从句，且关系代词指代 There is a desk,a 前面整个句子，其谓语动词用单数形式。 table and three She got 150 marks in the maths examina- 2.在主谓倒装句中 chairs in the room. tion,which was excellent.她在数学考试中得 在主谓倒装句中，主 房间里有一张书桌、 了150分，真是棒极了。 语并列，谓语动词的 一 张饭桌和三把 2.倒装句中的主谓一致 人称和数与其最靠近 椅子。 倒装句中的谓语动词必须与后面的主语 的主语相一致。由 There are three 保持一致。 here或there引导的 chairs,a desk and a On the wall hangs a photo taken by her 句子，若有并列主语， computer in the little daughter. 谓语也和与其最靠近 room, 墙上挂着一幅她小女儿拍的相片。 的那个主语一致。 房间里有三把椅子、 Gone are the days when we got together 一张书桌和一台 there happily. 电脑 我们在那儿快乐相聚的日子一去不复 四、定语从句和倒装句中的主谓一致 返了。 1.定语从句中的主谓一致 五、高考热点 (1)依据先行词的单复数 (一)主谓一致在语法填空中的命题点 定语从句中的谓语动词应视先行词的单 1.考查语法一致原则 复数而定：先行词是单数形式时，定语从句中 ①(2026·全国-卷)As transportation and 的谓语动词也用单数形式；先行词是复数形式 communication (be)underdevel- 时，定语从句中的谓语动词也用复数形式。 oped at that time,it was very difficult for households to obtain daily necessities. 143 英语语法 ②(2025·全国二卷)And in the process, 2,非谓语动词或从句作主语时主谓一致错误 I've experienced things that really surprise me at times.The“sunshine scent(香昧)” (2023·新课标I卷)Besides,work of freshly sunned clothes (be) ing in the garden seem to have a cal- one of them. ming effect on Jaramillo's special ed- 示例 ③(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)As we soon come to ucation students,many of whom learn from AI by Design,AI already have emotional control issues. super-smart and will become more capable,... 答案： 2.考查意义一致原则 ①(2025·全国二卷)About half of Ho's 动名词、不定式或名词性从句作主语 students (stay)for a week or 时，谓语动词一般用单数。注意：名 less;others are there for more than a year. 点拨 词性从句作主语表示复数概念时，谓 2One-third of the country (be) 语动词应用复数。 covered with trees and the majority of the citizens (be)black people. 3.倒装句的主谓一致错误 3.考查就近一致原则 ①(2025·全国二卷)I'm afraid there Finally,there were a sudden pull at (be)nothing available at the moment. 示例 the pole and a fish was caught. ②(2024·浙江卷1月)There 答案： things you can do to ease this problem. [自我校对]l.①were ②is③is 在倒装句中要找出句子的主语，从而 点拨 2.①stay②is;are3.①is②are 判断谓语动词的单复数。 (二)主谓一致在书面表达中的易错点 4.“就近”与“就远”原则的错用 1.名词或代词作主语时主谓一致错误 ①(2022·全国甲卷)He showed D An expert,together with some assistants,were sent there to help me how his medical instruments in the work. was used. 答案： 示例 答案： 2 Not only the children but also ②(2023·全国甲卷)In the eve- 示例 their father like to see the pictures. ning,when I take the walk in the 答案： school garden,the singing of in- sects become more meaningful to ①“就近”原则常见的有：either.. me. or...,neither...nor...,not on- 答案： 点拨 ly..but also..,not..but..等； 可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语 ②“就远”原则常见的有：as well as, 时，谓语动词应该用单数；可数名词 but,except,(together)with等。 点拨 复数作主语时，根据语法一致原则，谓 [自我校对]l.①was→were②become 语动词应该用复数；代词作主语时， →becomes 2.seem→seems 3.were→ 代词和谓语保持一致。 was 4.①were→was ②like→likes ·144·