内容正文:
Unit 5 答案
一、词性转换
1. shortage;shorten
2. devoted;devotion
3. assumption
4. consumption
5. really;reality
6. convincing;convinced;convincingly
7. generation
8. extension
9. entirely
10. nutritional;nutritious
11. bacteria
12. deeply;deepen;depth
13. characteristic
14. conventional
15. salty
16. attainable
二、短语
1. devote...to (doing) sth.
2. be comprised of
3. deep down
4. be used for
5. depend on
6. because of
7. far from
8. care for
9. succeed in doing sth.
10. dream up
11. in use
12. in turn
13. cause damage to
14. be rich in
15. switch to
16. focus on
17. for instance
18. prefer to do sth.
19. keep...from doing sth.
三、释义
1. 奉献;专心于
2. 使相信;说服
3. 假定;设想
4. 克服;战胜
5. 扩大;拓展
6. 由……组成
7. 在内心深处
8. 相应地;转而
9. 远非;远离
四、语法填空
1. had devoted
2. what
3. To tackle
4. convinced
5. conventional
6. overcame
7. generated
8. However
9. producing
10. a
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Unit 5 Working the Land 知识清单
一、词性转换
1. short (adj.) 短的;不足的;短期的 ➟ shortage (n.) 不足;缺少;短缺 ➟ shorten (vt.) 使变短
2. devote (vt.) 奉献;致力于;专心于 ➟ devoted (adj.) 忠诚的;挚爱的;专心的 ➟ devotion (n.) 献身;奉献;忠诚
3. assume (v.) 假定;设想;承担 ➟ assumption (n.) 假定;设定;责任承担;权利获得
4. consume (v.) 消耗;消费 ➟ consumption (n.) 消耗;消耗量;消费
5. real (adj.) 真的;真实的 ➟ really (adv.) 真正地;实际上 ➟ reality (n.) 现实;实际情况;事实
6. convince (vt.) 使相信;说服 ➟ convincing (adj.) 令人信服的 ➟ convinced (adj.) 确信的;坚信的 ➟ convincingly (adv.) 令人信服地
7. generate (vt.) 产生;引起 ➟ generation (n.) 产生;一代人
8. extend (v.) 延伸;扩大;推广 ➟ extension (n.) 扩建部分;扩大;电话分机
9. entire (adj.) 完整的;完全的 ➟ entirely (adv.) 全部地;完整地;完全地
10. nutrition (n.) 营养;滋养 ➟ nutritional (adj.) 营养的 ➟ nutritious (adj.)有营养的;营养丰富的
11. bacterium (n.) 细菌(单数) ➟ bacteria (n.) 细菌(复数)
12. deep (adj.) 深的;深远的 / (adv.) 深深地 ➟ deeply (adv.) 非常;强烈地 ➟ deepen (vi.&vt.) 加深 ➟ depth (n.) 深度;深处
13. character (n.) 性情;人物;角色 ➟ characteristic (n.) 特征;特点 / (adj.) 典型的;独特的
14. convention (n.) 常规;习俗;惯例 ➟ conventional (adj.) 传统的;习惯的
15. salt (n.) 盐 ➟ salty (adj.) 含盐的;咸的
16. attain (vt.) (经努力)获得;得到 ➟ attainable (adj.) 可获得的;可达到的
二、一词多义
1. boost(vt.) 使增长;使兴旺 / (n.) 增长;提高;激励
① These changes will help to boost food prices. (vt. 使增长)
② This has given clothing prices a big boost. (n. 增长)
③ This measure will be a great boost to the economy. (n. 激励)
2. expand(vt.&vi.) 扩大;增加 / (vt.) 扩展;发展(业务)
① The ranks of the teachers are constantly expanding. (vi. 扩大;增加)
② The merchant wants to expand his business. (vt. 扩大)
③ The writer expanded his short novel into a long one. (vt. 扩展)
3. estimate(vt.) 估计;估价;估算 / (n.) 估计;估算
① The painter’s estimate for painting the whole house was 1,000 dollars. (n. 估计;估价)
② This painting is estimated at $200-$300. (vt. 估价)
③ He estimated the speed of the wind from the damage. (vt. 估算)
4. characteristic(n.) 特征;特点;品质 / (adj.) 典型的;独特的
① The two species share several characteristics in common. (n. 特征;特点)
② I recognized his characteristic walking style. (adj. 典型的;独特的)
③ Independence is the most important characteristic of a person. (n. 品质)
三、重点单词与短语
1. devote (vt.) 把……献给;把……专用于;专心于
(1) devote...to (doing)sth. 把……献给(做)某事(to为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词)
(2) devote oneself to...=be devoted to... 献身于;专心致力于
【语段应用】He could only devote two hours a day to the project, but his devotion to duty is worthy of respect.他一天只能在这个项目上投入两小时,但他忠于职守的奉献精神值得尊敬。
2. convince (vt.) 使相信;使确信;说服
(1) convince sb.of sth. 使某人确信某事
(2) convince sb.that... 使某人相信……
(3) convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事
(4) be convinced of 坚信……
(5) be convinced (that)... 坚信……
3. assumption (n.) 假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权利的)获得
(1) make an assumption 作出假定
(2) on the assumption that... 假定……
assume (v.) 假定;设想;承担
① assume sb./sth.to be 假定某人/某物为……
② It is assumed that... 人们普遍认为……
③ It is generally assumed that heavy workload causes stress.
➔ assuming(that)... 假如;倘若(引导条件状语从句)
4. overcome (vt.) (overcame, overcome) 克服;解决;战胜
(1) overcome difficulties 克服困难
(2) be overcome with... 被……深深触动;因……难以自持
【经典句型】He overcame lots of difficulties and succeeded at last.他克服重重困难,最终取得了成功。
5. expand (vt.& vi.) 扩大;增加;扩展;发展(业务)
(1) expand ...into... 把……拓展成……
(2) expand into... 发展为……
(3) expand on sth. 详细阐述、细说某事
【经典句型】Could you expand on this point in more detail ? 能否请你对这一点展开细说?
词义辨析:expand(规模、体积扩大);extend(长度、时间延伸);spread(传播、铺开)
6. be comprised of... 由……构成;包含;由……组成
【例句1】The committee is comprised of representatives from both sectors.该委员会由双方行业代表组成。
【例句2】Small groups are comprised of two or more members.小组由两名及以上成员构成。
同义替换
① be composed of 由……组成
② consist of 由……组成(无被动语态,无进行时)
③ be made up of 由……构成
【提醒】consist of 不能用于被动和进行时态,高考高频考点。
7. deep down 短语 内心深处;本质上;实际上
【例句】Deep down, Yuan Longping always regarded himself as a farmer at heart.本质上,袁隆平始终把自己看作一名农民。
拓展搭配
① in depth 全面地;深入地;详尽地
② at a depth of... 在……深度
8. in turn 短语 相应地;转而;轮流;依次
【例句】This damages crops, which in turn affects animals and humans who feed on them.这会损害农作物,进而影响以此为食的动物与人类。
9. far from 短语 远非;绝不是;远离
【例句1】The reality is far from what we imagined.实际情况远非我们想象的那样。
【例句2】There is a nice café not far from my home.我家不远处有一家不错的咖啡馆。
【提醒】抽象含义“远非、绝非”直接用far from;表示空间距离“远离”常用 (away) from。
四、核心词块
1. devote...to (doing) sth. 把......用于;献身;致力;专心
2. be comprised of 包括;包含;由......组成(构成)
3. deep down 在内心深处;本质上;实际上
4. be used for 被用于......
5. depend on 依靠;依赖;取决于
6. because of 因为;由于
7. far from 远非;绝不是;远离
8. care for 在意;喜欢;照顾
9. succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事
10. dream up 凭空想出(新奇计划、点子)
11. in use 在使用中;投入使用
12. in turn 相应地;转而;轮流;依次
13. cause damage to 对......造成损害
14. be rich in 富含......;......含量丰富
15. switch to 转向;切换到
16. focus on 关注;聚焦;集中注意力于
17. for instance 例如;比如
18. prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事
19. keep...from doing sth. 阻止......做某事
五、重点句式
1. what引导主语从句
However,what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
然而,最让他忧心的是农民常常收成不好,有时甚至面临严重的粮食短缺。
句式分析:句中`what concerned him most`是what引导的主语从句,在整个句子中作主语。
[例句1] What we lack is enough funding. 我们缺少的是充足的资金。
[例句2] What he wants is a practical solution. 他想要的是一个可行的方案。
【知识拓展】what为连接代词,引导名词性从句时,本身在从句内部充当主语、宾语或表语,有实际含义“所......的事物”;that引导名词性从句只起连接作用,无词义、不作句子成分,主语从句、表语从句中that不可省略。It is good that you stick to your dream. 你坚持梦想是件好事。
2. It is/was +过去分词 +that... 形式主语固定句型
Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains.
如今据估算,中国国内消费的大米大约60%都源自袁隆平杂交水稻品种培育出的作物。
句式结构:`It is + 过去分词 + that从句`,it作形式主语,真正主语为后面that引导的主语从句。
常用动词:estimate, say, report, think, believe, suggest, announce, require等。
同义改写:
① It is estimated that the meeting will last four days. = The meeting is estimated to last four days.
② It is said that he has passed the driving test. = He is said to have passed the driving test.
3. given that... 引导原因/条件状语从句
Given that Yuan's hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.
考虑到杂交水稻让袁隆平变得十分富有,人们或许会认为他会退休安享闲适生活。
拓展用法:
- given 单独作介词 + 名词:Given his young age, he did very well. 考虑到年纪尚小,他已经做得很好。
- given 作形容词:a given period 在规定期限内
六、单元语法:主语从句(The Subject Clause)
(一)定义:在复合句中充当主语成分的从句叫做主语从句。
基本结构:主语从句 + 主句谓语 + 其他成分
例:What he said makes great sense. 他说的话很有道理。
(二)引导词分类
1. that 无词义,从句不充当成分,不可省略;
That he refused the reward surprised everyone. 他拒绝奖金这件事让所有人意外。
2. whether 表“是否”,不作成分,句首主语从句不能用if替换;
Whether we will hold the activity depends on the weather. 是否举办活动要看天气。
3. what 在从句作主/宾/表,译为“......的事物”;
What we need is more time. 我们需要的是更多时间。
4. 其他特殊疑问词(who/which/when/where/why/how等)从句一律使用陈述语序:
Who will take charge hasn’t been decided.
When the new policy will take effect is unknown.
(三)it 作形式主语:为避免头重脚轻,用it占位,真正主语后置。
句型1:It + be + 形容词 + that从句
常用形容词:certain, likely, possible, obvious, clear, true, surprising...
虚拟语气特殊形容词:necessary/important/strange/natural
从句谓语用 (should) do
It is important that we (should) master grammar rules.
句型2:It + be + 名词短语 + that从句
It is a pity that... 遗憾的是......
It is no wonder that... 难怪......
句型3:It + be + 过去分词 + that从句
It is reported that...据报道;It is known that...众所周知
表建议、要求需虚拟:It is suggested that sb (should) do
句型4:It + 不及物动词/happen + that从句
It happened that... 碰巧......
(四)主语从句注意:
1.主语从句的语序:陈述语序
Whose book it is is unknown.
2.主谓一致:单个的主语从句作主语,主句的谓语动词用单数。
When the meeting will be held hasn’t been decided.会议什么时候举行还没有决定。
Why dinosaurs died out remains a puzzle.恐龙为什么灭绝了仍然是个谜。
3.主语从句,表示“是否”,位于句首时只能用 whether。
Whether we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.明天我们是否去野营取决于天气。
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Unit 5 Working the Land自测默写单与巩固练习
一、词性转换
1. short (adj.) ➟ ________ (n.) 短缺 ➟ ________ (vt.) 缩短
2. devote (vt.) ➟ ________ (adj.) 忠诚 ➟ ________ (n.) 奉献
3. assume (v.) ➟ ________ (n.) 假设
4. consume (v.) ➟ ________ (n.) 消耗
5. real (adj.) ➟ ________ (adv.) 真正 ➟ ________ (n.) 现实
6. convince (vt.) ➟ ________ (adj.) 令人信服 ➟ ________ (adj.) 确信 ➟ ________ (adv.) 有说服力
7. generate (vt.) ➟ ________ (n.) 一代人
8. extend (v.) ➟ ________ (n.) 扩建部分
9. entire (adj.) ➟ ________ (adv.) 完全地
10. nutrition (n.) ➟ ________ (adj.) 营养的 ➟ ________ (adj.) 有营养
11. bacterium (n.) ➟ ________ (n.复数) 细菌
12. deep (adj./adv.) ➟ ______ (adv.) 非常 ➟ _____ (vi.&vt.) 加深 ➟ ______ (n.) 深度
13. character (n.) ➟ ________ (n./adj.) 特征
14. convention (n.) ➟ ________ (adj.) 传统的
15. salt (n.) ➟ ________ (adj.) 咸的
16. attain (vt.) ➟ ________ (adj.) 可达到的
二、短语
1. 把……用于;献身 ____________
2. 由……组成 ____________
3. 在内心深处 ____________
4. 被用于 ____________
5. 依靠;取决于 ____________
6. 因为 ____________
7. 远非;远离 ____________
8. 在意;照顾 ____________
9. 成功做某事 ____________
10. 凭空想出 ____________
11. 在使用中 ____________
12. 转而;轮流 ____________
13. 对……造成损害 ____________
14. 富含 ____________
15. 转向 ____________
16. 聚焦 ____________
17. 例如 ____________
18. 更喜欢做某事 ____________
19. 阻止……做某事 ____________
三、重点单词与短语
1. devote (vt.) ________
2. convince (vt.) ________
3. assumption (n.) ________
4. overcome (vt.) ________
5. expand (vt.&vi.) ________
6. be comprised of ________
7. deep down ________
8. in turn ________
9. far from ________
四、语法填空
A pioneer for all people
Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybrid rice”, was one of China’s most famous scientists. Yet, he considered himself a farmer because he continually worked the land in his research. Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he 1 .______ (devote) his life.
Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing. His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine. However, 2 .______ concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. 3 .______ (tackle) this crisis, he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.
After graduating in 1953, he worked as a researcher. Yuan Longping realised that larger fields were not the solution. Instead, farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had. How this could be done was a challenging question at the time. Yuan was 4. ______ (convince) that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. A hybrid is a cross between two or more varieties of a species. One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than 5. ______ (convention) crops. However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate. The common assumption then was that it could not be done. Through intense effort, Yuan 6. ______ (overcome) enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.
Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops 7 .______ (generate) from Yuan’s hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. Yuan’s innovation has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well, such as India and Vietnam. Because of his invaluable contributions, Yuan Longping received numerous awards both in China and abroad.
Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure. 8 .______, this is far from the case. Deep down, Yuan was still very much a farmer at heart. As a man of the soil, he cared little for celebrity or money. Instead, he made large donations to support agricultural research.
What impressed people most about Yuan Longping was his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams. Long ago, he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum, with each ear of rice as big as a broom, and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut. He succeeded in 9 .______ (produce) a kind of rice that could feed more people at home and abroad. His later vision for “seawater rice” also became 10 .______ reality, and potentially opened up nearly one million square kilometres of salty land in China for rice production. Even in his later years, Yuan Longping was still young at heart and full of vision, and everyone was always excited to see what he would dream up next.
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