Unit 2 Honesty（易错题专项训练.语法提升）英语译林版三起六年级上册（新教材）

Unit 2 Honesty 专题02 语法提升·易错题专项训练 高频易错点03 there be句型一般过去式 高频易错点01 一般过去时的否定句 高频易错点02 一般过去时的一般疑问句 高频易错点、易错点提示、小练笔、答题点拨 易错精讲 一般过去时的否定句 高频易错点01 一般过去时用来描述过去发生的动作、过去存在的状态，它的否定句主要分两大核心类型: 1.含be动词、2.含实义动词，另外补充3.情态动词的情况： 一、含 be 动词（was/were）的否定句 1. be 动词的过去式： am / is → was（主语：I / he/she /it/单数名词） are → were（主语：you /we/they /复数名词） 2. 句子结构：主语 + was/were + not + 其他成分。 缩写：was not = wasn't, were not = weren't 3. 肯定句 变 否定句 I was tired yesterday.（我昨天很累。） → I wasn't tired yesterday.（我昨天不累。） She was at home last night.（她昨晚在家。） → She wasn't at home last night.（她昨晚不在家。） They were happy.（他们当时很开心。） → They weren't happy.（他们当时不开心。） You were late this morning.（你今早迟到了。） → You weren't late this morning.（你今早没迟到。） 4. 规则小结 有 was/were 的句子变否定，直接在后面加 not 即可，动词、主语都不用变化。 二、含实义动词（行为动词）的否定句 实义动词：表示“做动作”的词，如 go、play、watch、eat、run 等，这类动词变过去式会变形（go→went, play→played），不能直接加 not，必须借助助动词 did。 1. 核心结构 主语 + did not (didn't) + 动词原形 + 其他成分。 注意：无论主语是谁，助动词统一用 did； 原句中变形的过去式动词，必须变回动词原形（易错）； 缩写：did not = didn't 2. 例句（肯定句 → 否定句 对照） He went to school yesterday.（went 是 go 的过去式） → He didn't go to school yesterday.（went 变回原形 go） We played basketball last week.（played 是 play 的过去式） → We didn't play basketball last week. The bird flew away just now.（flew 是 fly 的过去式） → The bird didn't fly away just now. 易错点提示 含情态动词could的否定句 could 是 can 的过去式，表“过去能够”，变否定规则简单： 结构: 主语 + could not (couldn't) + 动词原形 + 其他。 例句: She could swim when she was six. → She couldn't swim when she was six.她六岁的时候还不会游泳。 小练笔 用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Kitty and Ben ______( stay) at home yesterday. They ______( watch) TV. 2. I ______( not call) Mike this morning. 3. I listened but ______( hear) nothing. 4. I ______( clean) my room three days ago. 5. We ______( enjoy) ourselves at the party last night. 6. Jack didn’t ______( study) for the English test last Sunday. 点拨 1. stayed ; watched 解析：yesterday（昨天）是一般过去时标志，谓语动词使用过去式；stay变stayed，watch变watched。 2. didn’t call解析：this morning 表示过去发生的动作。实义动词的一般过去时否定结构：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形，因此填didn’t call。 3. heard解析：but 连接两个并列动作，listened是过去式，hear也要使用过去式heard。 4. cleaned 解析：three days ago（三天前）为一般过去时时间标志，clean过去式为cleaned。 5. enjoyed解析：last night（昨晚）是过去时间，enjoy过去式为enjoyed。 6. study解析：助动词didn’t后面必须接动词原形，所以填study。 一般过去时的一般疑问句 高频易错点02 一般过去时一般疑问句作用：询问过去是否存在某种状态、是否做过某个动作，回答分为肯定回答和否定回答。一般过去时的一般疑问句从以下几个方面讲解: 1.含be动词、2.含实义动词、3.含情态动词could。 一、第一类：句中含 be 动词（was/were） 1. 结构：Was / Were + 主语 + 其他成分？ 规则：把 was/were 提到句子最前面，句末用问号，其余单词顺序不变。 - 主语为单数/I / he / she / it → 用 Was - 主语为复数/you / we / they → 用 Were 2. 回答 - 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were. - 否定回答：No, 主语 + wasn't / weren't. 3. 例句 1.The king was happy. 国王很开心。 → Was the king happy? 国王开心吗？ Yes, he was. / No, he wasn't. 2.They were in the forest just now. 他们刚才在森林里。 → Were they in the forest just now? 他们刚才在森林里吗？ Yes, they were. / No, they weren't. 3.I was late this morning. 我今早迟到了。 → Were you late this morning?（注意：问句中 I 要换成 you，was 变 were） Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't. 二、第二类：句中含实义动词 (行为动词) 像 visit, play, go, buy, watch, work 等表示动作的动词，变疑问句不能直接把动词提前，必须借助助动词 Did（do/does 的过去式）。 1. 核心结构: Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他成分？ 三大规则： 1.句子开头必须加 Did，所有人称、单复数统一用 Did； 2.原句里的动词过去式，一定要变回动词原形； 3.肯定句中的 some，在疑问句中要改成 any。 2. 回答 - 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + did. - 否定回答：No, 主语 + didn't. 3. 例句 1.Mike visited his grandparents last weekend.（visited 是 visit 的过去式） → Did Mike visit his grandparents last weekend?迈克上周末看望祖父母了吗？ Yes, he did. / No, he didn't. 2.She bought some new clothes this morning.（bought→buy；some→any） → Did she buy any new clothes this morning?她今早买新衣服了吗？ Yes, she did. / No, she didn't. 3.We played football yesterday.（played→play） → Did you play football yesterday?（we 问句改为 you） Yes, we did. / No, we didn't. 4.He went to school yesterday.（went→go，不规则动词必须还原） → Did he go to school yesterday? Yes, he did. / No, he didn't. 三、第三类：句中含情态动词 could (can 的过去式) 1. 结构：Could + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 直接把 could 提到句首，动词保持原形。 2. 回答 - 肯定：Yes, 主语 + could. - 否定：No, 主语 + couldn't. 3. 例句 The girl could read English books two years ago. → Could the girl read English books two years ago? Yes, she could. / No, she couldn't. 易错点提示 一般过去时的肯定句变一般疑问句的方法总结 情况一：原句有 was / were / could 1.把 was / were / could 移到句子最前面； 2.末尾改问号，人称、some 按需变化。 情况二：原句是实义动词（有动词过去式） 1.句首加 Did； 2.把过去式动词变回原形，some 改 any，末尾改问号。 小练笔 单项选择题。 ( )1. Did they go to Beijing ________? A. tomorrow B. next week C. last year ( )2. ________ you come back yesterday? A. Do B. Did C. Were ( )3. ________ your grandma fat then? A. Was B. Are C. Is ( )4. Did your sister ________ songs last Friday? A. sings B. sang C. sing 将下列句子改为一般疑问句，并作肯定和否定回答。 5. The man caught a lot of fish on the farm. —________ the man ________ a lot of fish on the farm? —________, ________ ________ / ________, ________ ________. 6. I was in the classroom just now. —________ ________ in the classroom just now? —________, ________ ________ / ________, ________ ________. 点拨 1. 答案：C解析：句首Did提示句子为一般过去时。A. tomorrow（明天）、B. next week（下周）用于一般将来时；C. last year（去年）是一般过去时时间标志词。 2. 答案：B解析：yesterday（昨天）为过去时间，come是实义动词原形，一般过去时实义动词疑问句要用助动词Did开头；Were后面不能直接跟动词原形。 3. 答案：A解析：then（那时）表示过去；主语your grandma是单数，be动词过去式单数形式用Was。 4. 答案：C解析：助动词Did引导一般过去时疑问句，后面必须使用动词原形，所以填sing。 5.—Did the man catch a lot of fish on the farm? —Yes, he did / No, he didn’t. 解析：caught是catch的过去式，实义动词变一般疑问句，句首加Did，动词变回原形catch；主语the man是男性，回答主语用he。 6.—Were you in the classroom just now? —Yes, I was / No, I wasn’t. 解析：原句主语I，变疑问句要改为you；I搭配was，you搭配were，因此句首用Were；回答时主语换回I，搭配was。 there be句型一般过去时的用法高频易错点03 表示过去存在：there be句型一般过去式用于描述过去某个时间或地点存在某人或某物。 There was a big tree in front of the house ten years ago. 十年前，房子前面有一棵大树。 （二）句型结构 肯定句：there was + 单数可数名词/不可数名词 + 地点状语/时间状语 there were + 复数可数名词 + 地点状语/时间状语 There was some milk in the glass just now.（刚才杯子里有一些牛奶。） There were some books on the desk yesterday.（昨天桌子上有一些书。） 否定句：there wasn't + 单数可数名词/不可数名词 + 地点状语/时间状语 there weren't + 复数可数名词 + 地点状语/时间状语 There wasn't any bread in the fridge last night.（昨晚冰箱里没有面包。） There weren't many students in the classroom after school.（放学后教室里没有很多学生。） 一般疑问句：Was there + 单数可数名词/不可数名词 + 地点状语/时间状语？ Were there + 复数可数名词 + 地点状语/时间状语？ Was there a cat in the garden this morning?（今天早上花园里有一只猫吗？） Were there any apples on the tree last autumn?（去年秋天树上有一些苹果吗？） 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was there + 单数可数名词/不可数名词 + 其他？ 特殊疑问词 + were there + 复数可数名词 + 其他？ What was there in the box?（盒子里有什么？） How many people were there at the party last night?（昨晚聚会上有多少人？） 易错点提示 1. there be句型 与 have的区分 there be句型：强调在某个地点或时间“存在”某人或某物，不强调所属关系。 There was a pen on the desk.（桌子上有一支钢笔。），重点说明桌子上存在一支钢笔这个事实。 have：表示“拥有”，强调所属关系，即某人或某物归某人所有，主语通常是“人或物”。 I have a new book.（我有一本新书。），表明新书是“我”所拥有的。 2.there be句型的“就近原则” There be 句型遵循“就近一致”原则，即当 There be 后出现多个名词时，be 动词需和距离它最近 的名词在单复数上保持一致 。 There was a book and two pens on the desk just now.（“a book” 是单数，be 动词用 was ） There were two pens and a book on the desk just now.（“two pens” 是复数，be 动词用 were ） 3.there be句型与 some/any 的搭配 some 用于肯定句，描述存在“一些”事物 ； any 用于否定句或疑问句，表“一些”或“任何” 。 肯定句：There was some juice in the glass.（杯子里有一些果汁。） 否定句：There wasn't any juice in the glass just now.（刚才杯子里没有果汁。） 小练笔 单项选择。 ( )1. There ______ a tiger in the forest long long ago. A. is B. was C. were ( )2. —______ there any sweets in the box yesterday? —No, there ______. A. Were; weren’t B. Was; wasn’t C. Are; aren’t ( )3. There ______ not any rice in the bowl ten minutes ago. A. were B. was C. is ( )4. There ______ some sheep on the hill last year. A. was B. were C. is ( )5. —Was there a house near the river before? —______ A. Yes, there is. B. No, there wasn’t. C. No, there weren’t. ( )6. There ______ two films on TV last night. A. were B. was C. are 点拨 1. 答案：B 解析：long long ago过去时间，a tiger单数→was 2. 答案：A 解析：sweets复数，问句were；否定回答weren’t 3. 答案：B 解析：rice米饭不可数名词→was 4. 答案：B 解析：sheep单复数同形，some sheep为复数→were 5. 答案：B 解析：Was there…? 否定回答 No, there wasn’t. 6. 答案：A 解析：two films复数→were 综合训练 一、写出下列动词的过去式。 1. eat ________ 2. come ________ 3. fly ________ 4. have ________ 5. try ________ 6. become ________ 7. see ________ 8. buy ________ 9. walk ________ 10. do ________ 11. study ________ 12. get ________ 13. play ________ 14. stop ________ 15. take ________ 16. watch ________ 17. live ________ 18. visit ________ 19. go ________ 20. say ________ 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. They ________ (not give) the books to me yesterday. 2. ________ (do) she go to the zoo last Saturday? 3. My father ________ (be) busy last Sunday morning. 4. There ________ (be) a little cat under the tree just now. 5. Did he ________ (play) volleyball after school yesterday? 6. Nancy ________ (not visit) her aunt last weekend. 7. We ________ (have) a wonderful party last New Year. 8. The boy ________ (try) his best in the race yesterday. 9. Were there ________ (some) bananas on the desk? 10. My sister ________ (buy) a new dress yesterday morning. 11. He ________ (not understand) the story at first. 12. Miss Wang ________ (teach) us Maths last term. 13. The bird ________ (fly) over the river yesterday afternoon. 14. Her brother ________ (can) draw pictures when he was four years old. 15. I ________ (not watch) cartoons last Friday. 三、单项选择 ( )1. ________ your mother at home yesterday afternoon? A. Are B. Were C. Was ( )2. —Did Tom play football last Sunday? —________ A. Yes, he was. B. No, he didn’t. C. No, he wasn’t. ( )3. She ________ her homework yesterday evening. A. didn’t do B. didn’t did C. don’t do ( )4. There ________ lots of bread on the plate a moment ago. A. was B. were C. did ( )5. ________ your uncle go swimming last weekend? A. Was B. Were C. Did ( )6. My brother ________ ride bikes one year ago. A. couldn’t B. can’t C. didn’t ( )7. The students ________ very excited at the picnic yesterday. A. was B. were C. did ( )8. Did your cousin ________ any pears on the farm? A. pick B. picked C. picking ( )9. There weren’t ________ birds in the forest long long ago. A. some B. any C. a ( )10. —Could you swim five years ago? —________ A. Yes, I could. B. Yes, I did. C. No, I can’t. 四、根据对话语境，补全对话，每空一词 A: Hello, Mike! ________ you at school yesterday? B: No, I ________. I was ill in bed. A: I’m sorry to hear that. ________ you take any medicine? B: Yes, I ________. And I slept all day. A: Good! ________ you feel better now? B: Yes, I’m OK now. Thanks a lot! 五、句型转换 1. The queen was clever.（改为否定句） ________________________________________________ 2. I had lunch at twelve this noon.（改为否定句） ________________________________________________ 3. They flew kites in the park yesterday.（改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答） ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 4. He went to the park last Saturday.（改为一般疑问句） ________________________________________________ 5. There were some apples on the desk.（改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答） ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 六、用所给词的适当形式填空补全短文 Long long ago, there ________ (be) a small town. One day, a young girl ________ (go) to the town. She ________ (not have) any friends there at first. Soon she ________ (meet) some friendly children. They ________ (play) games and ________ (chat) happily together. The girl ________ (try) her best to make new friends. She ________ (learn) lots of new things. She ________ (be) very happy. She ________ (can) enjoy her day so much. 七、翻译句子 1. 我昨天晚上没有看电视。 ________________________________________________ 2. 两年前她不会骑自行车。 ________________________________________________ 3. 刚才花园里有一些花吗？ ________________________________________________ 4. 你上周拜访你的舅舅了吗？ ________________________________________________ 5. 昨天下午她不难过。 ________________________________________________ 参考答案 一、写出下列动词的过去式。 1. eat — ate 2. come — came 3. fly — flew 4. have — had 5. try — tried 6. become — became 7. see — saw 8. buy — bought 9. walk — walked 10. do — did 11. study — studied 12. get — got 13. play — played 14. stop — stopped 15. take — took 16. watch — watched 17. live — lived 18. visit — visited 19. go — went 20. say — said 解析：区分规则变化与不规则变化；以辅音+y结尾动词，变y为i+ed；重读闭音节双写尾字母+ed。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. didn’t give 解析：yesterday为过去时，实义动词否定用didn’t + 动词原形。 2. Did 解析：last Saturday过去时间，实义动词疑问句句首加Did。 3. was 解析：主语my father单数；last Sunday morning过去时间，be动词用was。 4. was 解析：there be就近原则，a little cat单数；just now过去时。 5. play 解析：助动词Did后必须使用动词原形。 6. didn’t visit 解析：last weekend过去时，实义动词否定结构didn’t + 动词原形。 7. had 解析：last New Year过去时间，have过去式had。 8. tried 解析：yesterday过去时，try过去式tried。 9. any 解析：疑问句中some要改为any。 10. bought 解析：yesterday morning过去时间，buy过去式bought。 11. didn’t understand 解析：at first指代过去，否定用didn’t + 动词原形。 12. taught 解析：last term过去时间，teach不规则过去式taught。 13. flew 解析：yesterday afternoon过去时，fly过去式flew。 14. could 解析：when he was four years ago为过去，can过去式could。 15. didn’t watch 解析：last Friday过去时间，实义动词否定didn’t + 动词原形。 三、单项选择 1. C 解析：yesterday afternoon过去时；主语your mother是单数，用Was。 2. B 解析：Did引导问句，回答也要用did/didn’t。 3. A 解析：一般过去时实义动词否定：didn’t + 动词原形。 4. A 解析：bread不可数名词，a moment ago过去时，用was。 5. C 解析：go是实义动词，last weekend过去时，疑问句用助动词Did。 6. A 解析：one year ago过去时，can过去式could，否定couldn’t。 7. B 解析：主语students复数；yesterday过去时，be动词用were。 8. A 解析：Did后面接动词原形。 9. B 解析：否定句中some改为any；birds复数，不能用a。 10. A 解析：Could引导一般疑问句，回答仍用could/couldn’t。 四、根据对话语境，补全对话，每空一词 A: Hello, Mike! Were you at school yesterday? B: No, I wasn’t. I was ill in bed. A: I’m sorry to hear that. Did you take any medicine? B: Yes, I did. And I slept all day. A: Good! Do you feel better now? B: Yes, I’m OK now. Thanks a lot! 解析：前两句yesterday为过去时，用were/wasn’t；吃药是过去动作用Did；最后一句now是一般现在时，用Do。 五、句型转换 1. The queen was clever.（改为否定句） The queen wasn’t clever. 解析：含有was，直接在was后加not，缩写wasn’t。 2. I had lunch at twelve this noon.（改为否定句） I didn’t have lunch at twelve this noon. 解析：had是have过去式，实义动词变否定借助didn’t，动词还原为have。 3. They flew kites in the park yesterday.（改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答） —Did they fly kites in the park yesterday? —No, they didn’t. 解析：flew还原fly，句首加Did；否定回答用didn’t。 4. He went to the park last Saturday.（改为一般疑问句） Did he go to the park last Saturday? 解析：went是go过去式，疑问句句首加Did，动词变回原形go。 5. There were some apples on the desk.（改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答） —Were there any apples on the desk? —Yes, there were. 解析：were提前，疑问句some改为any；肯定回答对应there were。 六、用所给词的适当形式填空补全短文 Long long ago, there was (be) a small town. One day, a young girl went (go) to the town. She didn’t have (not have) any friends there at first. Soon she met (meet) some friendly children. They played (play) games and chatted (chat) happily together. The girl tried (try) her best to make new friends. She learned/learnt (learn) lots of new things. She was (be) very happy. She could (can) enjoy her day so much. 解析：long long ago为一般过去时标志；并列动词时态保持一致。 七、翻译句子 1. 我昨天晚上没有看电视。 I didn’t watch TV last night. 2. 两年前她不会骑自行车。 She couldn’t ride bikes two years ago. 3. 刚才花园里有一些花吗？ Were there any flowers in the garden just now? 4. 你上周拜访你的舅舅了吗？ Did you visit your uncle last week? 5. 昨天下午她不难过。 She wasn’t sad yesterday afternoon. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $